Scribd
Upload
6 views

04_data_structures

The document provides an overview of various data structures, including arrays, linked lists, trees, heaps, and hash tables, detailing their properties and operations. It also introduces advanced data structures such as tries and segment trees, along with practice problems for implementation. Key characteristics and performance implications of each structure are highlighted, emphasizing their use cases in programming and data management.

Uploaded by

omar.ali3898
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

04_data_structures

The document provides an overview of various data structures, including arrays, linked lists, trees, heaps, and hash tables, detailing their properties and operations. It also introduces advanced data structures such as tries and segment trees, along with practice problems for implementation. Key characteristics and performance implications of each structure are highlighted, emphasizing their use cases in programming and data management.

Uploaded by

omar.ali3898
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

# Data Structures

Date: May 4, 2025

## Arrays and Linked Lists


### Arrays
- Contiguous memory allocation
- O(1) random access
- O(n) insertion/deletion at arbitrary positions
- Cache-friendly

### Linked Lists


- Singly linked: nodes with data and next pointer
- Doubly linked: nodes with data, next and prev pointers
- O(1) insertion/deletion (with pointer)
- O(n) access by index

## Trees
### Binary Trees
- Each node has at most two children
- Binary Search Tree: left < parent < right
- AVL Tree: self-balancing BST
- Red-Black Tree: self-balancing with O(log n) operations

### B-Trees
- Generalization of BST
- Used in databases and file systems
- Self-balancing
- Optimized for systems with slow data access (disk)

## Heaps
- Binary heap: complete binary tree
- Min-heap: parent ≤ children
- Max-heap: parent ≥ children
- Operations: Insert O(log n), Extract-min/max O(log n)
- Heapify: O(n)
- Used in priority queues, heap sort

## Hash Tables
- Key-value storage with average O(1) operations
- Collision handling: chaining or open addressing
- Load factor affects performance
- Hash function requirements: uniform, efficient, deterministic

## Advanced Data Structures


- Trie: for string operations
- Segment Tree: range queries
- Fenwick Tree (Binary Indexed Tree): prefix sums
- Disjoint Set/Union Find: grouping elements

## Practice Problems:
1. Implement a Min-Heap with insert and extract-min operations
2. Design a LRU (Least Recently Used) Cache
3. Implement a Trie for autocomplete functionality
4. Create a self-balancing BST

You might also like