Straight Talk Smoking 2nd Edition

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 H T TALK
TR A I G

Sm o k i
HT
g TALK
STRAIG

Stephanie Paris
Consultants
Timothy Rasinski, Ph.D.
Kent State University
Lori Oczkus
Literacy Consultant
Dana Lambrose, M.S.N.,
PMHNP
West Coast University

Based on writing from

Table of
TIME For Kids. TIME For Kids and the TIME
For Kids logo are registered trademarks of
TIME Inc. Used under license.

Co t e t s
Publishing Credits
Dona Herweck Rice, Editor-in-Chief
Lee Aucoin, Creative Director Lighting Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Jamey Acosta, Senior Editor
Lexa Hoang, Designer
Stephanie Reid, Photo Editor
Why Do People Smoke? . . . . . . . . .6
Rachelle Cracchiolo, M.S.Ed., Publisher
Why Not Smoke? . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Why Not Just Stop? . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Don’t Start! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Image Credits: p.16 Alamy; pp.11, 20 FDA; Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

pp.32–37 Timothy J. Bradley; p.14 Kelly
Brownlee; p.13 (top) Bloomberg via Getty
Images; pp.6–7 (top) Newscom; pp.38–39 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Associate Press; pp.2, 21, 25 (bottom) Photo
Researchers, Inc.; All other images from
Shutterstock. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

More to Explore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

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3
 Lig h t i g
Up
Over one billion people worldwide smoke. 1 What are the effects
of smoking?
Smoking is very dangerous. So why do people
do it?
Tobacco in cigarettes has thousands of 2 Why do people choose
to smoke or not smoke?
chemicals in it. One of them is the drug
How can you make
nicotine (NIK-uh-teen). It makes people feel as
if they have more energy. But the feeling won’t 3 healthy choices for
your body?
last. Over time, smoking causes serious harm
to the body. Illness and disease can result in
low levels of energy. Smokers can have trouble
breathing. And eventually, smoking may even
lead to death. Once people start smoking, it’s A tobacco farmer
often very difficult for them to stop. Nicotine is examines his plant.
very addictive.

4 5
 DO CTOR’S
Why Do ORDE RS
dangers of tobacco,

People S m o k e ? Before people understood the

doctors used to recommend
years, companies claimed the
smoking. For many
ir cigarettes made
people healthier. Today, docto
against smoking and help the
rs issue strong warnings
ir patients quit.
Studies show most people start smoking because
they believe what they see in advertisements. They
can make unhealthy practices seem smart. And they
can make people want to try new products. The risks
of smoking are clear. But ads can make even smoking
seem like a good idea.
Each year, tobacco companies spend $10.5 billion
marketing their products in the United States. That
works out to over $28 million per day! And that is
only how much they spend in one country. They try to
make people believe smoking will make them slimmer
and more attractive. They want people to believe
smoking is the key to being popular. Most of the ads
don’t show the true cost of smoking.

Activists draw
attention to the
deaths caused
by smoking.

6 7
 E
BE F R EE t o MAK
YOU R OWN CH OICE!
Tobacco companies often sell smoking as a choice—not
an addiction. Neither the financial costs or health costs
are shown in ads. Look carefully to see what marketing
techniques are being used in this ad. Why do you think cigarette
ads often show people looking
happy and healthy?
Does this ad show any of the
Attractive models make
costs involved with smoking?
smoking look appealing. Placing the model
in a natural setting Does the warning label make
makes cigarettes you want to avoid smoking?
seem healthy.

Bike riding requires

Wide-open spaces and healthy lungs, but
a smile on the model’s a smoker’s lungs
face suggest smoking aren’t healthy.
makes you carefree.

SURGEON GENERAL’S WARNING: Smoking

Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema,
And May Complicate Pregnancy.

8 9
 Money, Money, Money EASY
Why do tobacco companies spend so TARG ETS?
much money on ads? It’s because they make so A recent study showed that the more teenagers
much money from smokers. But, smoking may were exposed to cigarette ads, the more likely
shorten a person's life span. So, they always they were to start smoking.
need new smokers. How much money do the
companies make? No one is sure of the total
amount sold in the world. But sales are tracked
in the United States. Tobacco companies in the
U.S. sell billions of dollars worth of cigarettes
each year. And the United States has only four
percent of the world’s people. You do the math!

E
THE T RU COST

=
For ever y $1.00
that is paid for ...over $2.00 is
cigarette costs... spent on medical
care for the people
who are sickened
by cigarettes.

New laws now require tobacco

companies to advertise the
dangers of smoking.

10 11
 New Customers DIRTY
DOLLARS
Tobacco makers aren’t allowed to sell to In the United Stat
kids. But, they try to anyway. They want es, it is
illegal to sell ciga
rettes to
younger smokers. The younger they can get children under 18
years of
someone to try smoking, the more likely that age. Yet over on
e million
person will be a smoker for life. Nearly 90 packs of cigarett
es are sold
percent of all adult smokers started smoking to minors ever y
year, which
equals about $2
in their teens—or earlier! Tobacco companies 21 million for
tobacco compan
have also found that ads work better on kids. ies. Stores
often place toba
Over 80 percent of young smokers choose one cco products
at children's eye
level.
of the three most advertised brands. Fewer
adult smokers choose those brands.
Cigarette makers think kids are easy to sell
to. They don’t think kids will ask questions.
But you don’t have to be an easy target! Think
about what you see. Ask questions. Is what
they are showing real? Do you really want to
buy what they are selling?
TYPES of TOBACCO
A tobacco company once Tobacco is smoked in cigarettes, cigars, and water pipes, also known
called younger smokers as hookahs. It can also be chewed as smokeless tobacco, or “chew.”
replacement smokers.
Whether there’s smoke or not, the nicotine is still dangerous.

electronic
hookah pipe snuff cigar cigarette

12 13
 SWEET
and SOUR
Tobacco products are often
They
Cigarette companies target their placed in stores near candy.
like
product at the people they think may even be designed to look
are most likely to buy it. It’s illegal
candy or breath fresheners.
for tobacco companies to market to
children. But many of the ads they
run appear to be aimed at kids.

NOT so SWEET
K ILLE R CARTOONS
Tobacco companies used to sell
candy-flavored cigarettes. They Most adults aren’t interested
designed these sweet cigarettes in cartoons. So, if you
to appeal to kids. Today it's see an ad with cartoon
illegal to produce candy-flavored characters, it may be trying
cigarettes. However, tobacco to get the attention of kids.
companies still produce many
other products that taste sweet.
14 15
 Peer Pressure WAYS t o SAY "NO"
Some people face peer pressure, or they're What would you say if someone offered you a cigarette?
urged to smoke by their friends. Why would It’s good to be prepared.
people pressure someone to do something
unhealthy? There are many reasons. They may No, thanks.
feel insecure. They may want someone else to
do it so they can feel that it’s OK. Or they may No, I’m not into that.
want people to be more like them. They may
even be trying to make others feel bad so they Nah, man. I’m OK. Thanks.
can feel better about themselves.
I’m allergic to smoke.
But there is something important to
remember. You don’t have to do anything you No. If my mom smelled that on me, I would totally
don’t want to. It’s OK to say “No.” Sometimes be in trouble!
it’s hard to find the right way to say it. But I know someone who died from smoking.
there are lots of options. Check out the list on It’s not for me.
the next page. Try putting these phrases in your I don’t want to start. I’m trying to get my
own words. And practice with your friends to (parents, brother, sister, friend) to quit.
see what feels natural. Nah. Let’s go (to the mall, to my house to watch a
movie, skateboarding, play video games, etc.) instead.
I’m an athlete. Smoking makes it too hard to
play sports.
I need to be in top shape for the game. I can’t do
that if I can’t breathe.

The smell of smoke makes me sick.

I don’t want to smell bad!

No thanks, I quit.

16 17
 SNIFF
SN IFF
W hy Not Smoking reduces a person’s ability
to smell things. Maybe this helps

Smoke ?
There are many great reasons not to smoke.
smokers deal with their own bad
breath and stinky clothes!

But the most important reason is that it can be

deadly. How deadly? Smoking can shorten your
life by over 10 years. If you become a regular
smoker, you have a one-in-three chance of dying
from a smoking-related illness. But that doesn’t
happen right away. First, a lot of other gross
things happen to your body.

Fast Changes
Most people cough and choke the first time
they try to smoke. Some people even throw up.
Our bodies know smoke doesn’t belong in the
lungs. It’s poisonous. But what happens when
people force their bodies to “learn” to smoke?
Right away, they get bad breath. Soon, their
teeth turn yellow and they start coughing more.
EY L EM
They may get more colds. Smoking often makes
A G OO P ROB
the heart beat faster. It gets harder for the heart
ke
to pump blood through the body. This makes it e r s w h o smoke ma )
Teena g M
more difficult to play sports. m u c h p h legm (FLE
twice as ck!
okers. Yu
as nonsm

18 19
 How Attractive!
Smoking ads want people to think smoking
will make them more attractive. But the truth
is that smokers have trouble looking their best.
Yellow teeth and bad breath are gross enough.
But their hair and clothes smell bad, too. And
smokers’ skin can get very dry. Smoking makes
it harder for blood and oxygen to get to the skin.
So, smokers’ skin may look pale and sickly. DO t h e
Their skin can’t heal as quickly. So they often MATH
wrinkle far faster than nonsmokers.
About 1 in 16 middle school
kids are smokers. And 1 in 5
high school kids smoke. But
that means that 4 out of 5 high
Smokers often have
stained teeth and
school kids DON’T smoke.
sores on their lips.

Percentage of Teens Smoking

50%

SMOKING TRENDS
40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Years

20 21
 $10 BILLION
Out of Pocket This is how much money the
United States spends every
Tobacco companies spend a lot of money to year on medical care for
make smoking look fun. But smokers also spend people with illnesses caused
a lot of money. The average cost of cigarettes by other people smoking.
in the United States is over five dollars a pack.
A person who smokes just one pack per week
will spend $260 per year on cigarettes. Many
smokers smoke up to a pack every day. That
works out to $1,825 per year!

YOU
DECIDE
200 books
If you had an extra $2,000 a year to spend on something
other than cigarettes, how would you spend it?

1 summer 100 T-shir 50 weeks of

away at ca ts piano lessons
mp

2 tablet
computers 20 skatebo
ards

22 23
 Slow Blow
You know about the short-term problems
caused by smoking. But what happens if you
smoke for a long time? Smoking makes it harder
for blood to flow through the body. It constricts
the blood vessels, or makes them smaller.
Smokers get cold hands and feet. They lose TOOTH
bone density, too. Their bones get weak and DECAY
thin. Smoke damages the tongue and nose. So
smokers can’t taste or smell food very well. The Teeth are part of your skeleton. When
smoke irritates the lungs. Smokers often have smoking weakens the other bones, it
weakens teeth, too. Smokers usually
a cough. And smoking makes it harder for the
get more cavities than nonsmokers.
body to heal. So, if a smoker gets injured or sick, Cavities can lead to tooth decay.
it takes longer to get well.
These are just the less serious things that
happen. They don’t get talked about all that This heat-sensitive image
shows the difference
often. That is because there are so many more in blood flow before smok
ing a cigarette
serious problems that smokers face. and five minutes after sm
oking a cigarette.
Nicotine prevents healthy
blood flow.

Nearly 8.6 million Americans

ey
are currently sick because th
smoked cigarettes.

before after
24 25
 CH RON IC
The Big Stuff LUNG DISEASE
The most serious problems caused by Chronic means that something keeps
smoking have to do with the heart, the lungs, coming back or never really goes away.
and cancer. Smoking causes heart disease. For smokers, chronic lung disease is a
It damages the arteries around the heart and huge problem. It accounts for about
causes heart attacks. 73 percent of the smoking-related
illnesses that current smokers have.
Smoking causes emphysema
(em-fuh-SEE-muh), too. The lungs become
black and lumpy. People with emphysema feel
like they can never catch their breath.
Cigarettes also cause many kinds of cancer.
The most common ones are lung cancer, throat
cancer, and bladder cancer. Smokers get more
infections, too. Pneumonia (noo-MOHN-yuh)
A nonsmoker’s lungs are
is a serious lung infection. Smokers get it a lot pink and full of oxygen.
more than nonsmokers.

DEEP
N G
BR EATH I
A smoker’s lungs are black
Smoking harms almost every and struggle to breathe easily.
organ in the body. But the lungs
are most at risk.

26 27
 W h y N o t
Just S t o p ?
If smoking is so harmful, why don’t smokers
just quit? The answer is that it isn’t easy.
Smoking is very addictive. Once people start
smoking, it’s very hard to stop. The nicotine in
tobacco affects the body and mind. It may seem
as if the drug is the only way to feel good. An
addicted person doesn’t feel normal without
nicotine. Most smokers never expect to get
addicted when they start. But over one third
of people who try even one cigarette become
daily smokers.
People can quit. But, it isn’t easy. It usually
takes several tries to be successful. Sometimes,
people may need help from a doctor to stop
smoking. Nurses and coaches can also help
people stop. But it is easier not to start in the
first place! Someone who stops smoking may
feel sick during withdrawal. Withdrawal is a
physical and emotional reaction. It lasts until the NOT ALONE
body feels normal living without nicotine. The American Lung Association
has a program to help people
14–19 stop smoking. To
ages 14
learn more, go to the web page at
www.notontobacco.com.
28 29