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Input-Output Redirection

The document outlines how to manage files using Bash and Z Shell, focusing on input/output redirection. It explains standard input, output, and error channels, and how to redirect them to files or other commands using symbols like >, >>, and |. Additionally, it introduces the 'tee' command for outputting to multiple files simultaneously and highlights features specific to Z Shell.

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2 views

Input-Output Redirection

The document outlines how to manage files using Bash and Z Shell, focusing on input/output redirection. It explains standard input, output, and error channels, and how to redirect them to files or other commands using symbols like >, >>, and |. Additionally, it introduces the 'tee' command for outputting to multiple files simultaneously and highlights features specific to Z Shell.

Uploaded by

akym
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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"Managing Files Using Bash and Z Shell" course by Mateo Prigl at Pluralsight

Input/Output Redirection
Most of the UNIX utilities we use have these three channels: standard input
(stdin), standard output (stdout) and standard error (stderr). These channels
have file descriptors (stdin 0, stdout 1, stderr 2) which represent them. By
default, the standard input of a command is taken from the keyboard. Then
the output is printed out to the terminal. Same goes for the *standard error.
But you can redirect these channels to take standard input from a file.

$ echo 0< file

This will redirect the file contents to the echo command. You don't need to
write 0. You can also put the command output in a file instead of the terminal.

$ echo "hello" 1> file

Again, you don't have to write 1, but I included this file descriptor to be more
explicit. You can redirect error messages to the standard error file, with the 2>.
The file will always be clobbered if you use just one > character. By using two
of them >> you will append to a file, not overwriting any previous contents.
You can also create command pipelines which is just a fancy way of saying
that you want to send an output of one command to the input of another.

$ ls | wc -l

This pipe | character will redirect the ls listing to the wc command. wc


command will then tell us how many lines are there in the listing.

If you want to redirect output to more files, use the **tee** command.

1/2 © Copyright 2020 by Pluralsight


"Managing Files Using Bash and Z Shell" course by Mateo Prigl at Pluralsight

$ echo "hello" | tee file

This will print hello to the terminal and also to the file. tee can have more
arguments. It will send the same output to all of the argument files.
In zsh you can just put more redirections, because of the enabled multios
feature.

$ echo "hello" > file > /dev/tty

This line will redirect the word hello to the file and also to the tty device file,
which is the terminal.
cat command will print out the contents of a file to the terminal.

2/2 © Copyright 2020 by Pluralsight

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