REPLANTING IN PEAT AREAS

PROCESS FLOW OF AN OP-TO-OP REPLANTING

TRADEWINDS PLANTATION BERHAD
CONTENTS
1.0 REPLANTING OBJECTIVE
2.0 PROCESS FLOW OF A GOOD REPLANTING
3.0 SITE MEETING, SAFETY & RECORD
4.0 REPLANTING DESIGN
5.0 PRE-LINING
6.0 CONSTRUCTION OF CLOSE-ENDED CONSERVATION TRENCH (CECT)
7.0 FELLING, SHREDDING & STACKING
8.0 DEBOLING & CLOSING DEBOLING
9.0 DESILTING EXISTING DRAIN (COLLECTION DRAIN)
10.0 DRAIN CONSTRUCTION (NEW FIELD DRAIN)
11.0 WIDENING & REALIGN EXISTING ROAD
12.0 LAND FORMING
13.0 PEAT COMPACTION
14.0 LINING FOR PLANTING
15.0 COVER CROP ESTABLISHMENT (MB)
16.0 HOLING
17.0 PLANTING ON PEAT AREA
18.0 MULCHING AND 1-YEAR 1-OFF FERTILIZER APPLICATION 2
 1.0 REPLANTING OBJECTIVES

Why do we need to replant?

1. Maintaining optimum age profile for high
yields
2. Sustainable crop production
3. Improving road and drain design – past
mistake
4. Replacing with latest planting materials
5. Refilling the casualties – low stand per hectare
6. Better working environment – retaining
workforce

3
2.0 PROCESS FLOW OF A REPLANTING WORK

4
PROCESS FLOW OF REPLANTING

3. Construction 5. New
1. Planning for of Field Drain 4. Construction Collection
2. Pre-Lining
replanting and New Coll of CECT Road
Drain Construction

9. Land 8. Realign road 7. Deboling 6. Felling,

10. Soil
Forming / Soil / Road and Closing Shredding &
Compaction
Levelling Surfacing Deboling Stacking

15. Mulching &

11. Lining for 12. LCC 14. Planting in advanced
13.Holing
planting establishment Peat fertilizer
application

5
 3.0 SITE MEETING WITH CONTRACTOR, OPERATORS AND SUBORDINATES

Deliberate on:-

• Safety

• Work Specification

• Work Schedule

6
 3.0 PERMIT TO WORK (PTW)

PTW
• Issue before starting work
• Should be issued weekly
• All operators report at AP post daily

7
3.0 HIRARC

HIRARC
• To update latest HIRARC for
replanting project
8
 3.0 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)

SOP
• To update and display SOP at office
and workplace

9
3.0 MAINTAINING RECORDS

• One record book for each field

• For payment and audit
purpose
• Records to maintain
• Felling/Chipping
• Open/Close Deboling
• Roads
• Drains
• Cambering
• No of seedlings received
• No of seedlings supplied
• Etc.

10
 3.0 REPLANTING OWNERSHIP BOARD

• The replanting ownership

board is to display at
replanting area.

11
4.0 REPLANTING DESIGN

12
 4.0 REPLANTING DESIGN IN PEAT

150 METERS CARRY DISTANCE

Replanting design at 150 meters carry distance

13
4.0 REPLANTING DESIGN - BASIC REPLANTING DESIGN IN PEAT

Field drain intensity:

Every 4 or 8 planting
rows

The estate to maintain the current road system in the replanting design to save road
construction cost 14
4.0 REPLANTING DESIGN - SHORTENING CARRY DISTANCE IN PEAT

• The new carry

distance is 125 meters.
• New collection road
will be constructed in
parallel with the
existing collection
drain.
• A soil pass will be
constructed to
facilitate the
machinery crossings.
• Existing collection
drain becomes a
water body.
• New collection drain
will drain out the
water to the main
drain.

15
5.0 PRE-LINING

16
 5.0 PRE-LINING

To ensure accurate lining for the CECT, drains and the planting rows. Pre-lining must be
carried out prior to felling by a proficient person such that the directions and the
distances are determined correctly as required by the management.
Pre-lined rows to be marked with pegs of at least 1.8 m @ 6 feet’s high at designated
CECT & New Field Drain intervals.
Pre-lining pegs it’s an option to use either bamboo/fronds/used pvc pipe and to paint
with different color or tide with color plastic bags (BLUE for CECT & RED for New Field
Drain)
The Pre-lining later will use as ‘Rajah Line’ for planting point.

17
 5.0 PRE-LINING

Pre-lining for CECT Lining for CECT

Pre-lining pegs it’s an option to use 1.8m @ 6 feet's bamboo/used pvc pipe and to paint with different colour or
tide with colour plastic bags ( BLUE for CECT & RED for New Field Drain)

18
5.0 PRE-LINING

Lining for field drain Lining for field drain

19
5.0 PRE-LINING

Pre-lining for planting Lining for planting

20
 6.0 CONSTRUCTION OF CLOSE
ENDED CONSERVATION TRENCH
(CECT)

21
 6.0 CONSTRUCTION OF CLOSE ENDED CONSERVATION TRENCH (CECT)

The CECT are to be constructed with excavator beginning 4.75 m from the collection
road in the front and ends 7.75 m before the collection drain. This will allow for future
mechanical path access.
The spoil from the CECT must be placed in between the old palm tree to be use later for
close the deboling pits.
The size of the close-ended conservation trenches (CECT) not less than 2.4 m wide at the
top, 1.8 m wide at the bottom and 2.4 m deep. The interval is at every 4th palm row or
2.4meter

old ex-field drain.

22
6.0 CONSTRUCTION OF CLOSE ENDED CONSERVATION TRENCH (CECT)

Diagram 1- CECT & Drain (Top View)

Overflow
drain

2.4meter

23
6.0 CONSTRUCTION OF CLOSE ENDED CONSERVATION TRENCH (CECT)

Diagram 2 - CECT & Drain (Side View)

CECT
(2.4m x 1.8m x 2.4m)
Stacks of chipped OP trunk
Field Drain 2.4meter
(1.0m x 0.75m x 0.30m)
0.3 m camber

3.7m 3.7m

14.8m
24
6.0 CONSTRUCTION OF CLOSE ENDED CONSERVATION TRENCH (CECT)

Diagram 3 - CECT & Drain (Side View)

CECT
(2.4m x 2.4m x 2.4m)
2.4meter Stacks of chipped OP trunk

New Field Drain

1.0m x 0.75m x New Field Drain
0.3m 1.0m x 0.75m x
0.3m

CECT
New Field Drain
(2.4m x 1.8m x 2.4m)
1.0m x 0.75m x 0.3m Stacks of chipped OP trunk

25
6.0 CONSTRUCTION OF CLOSE ENDED CONSERVATION TRENCH
(CECT)

Construction of CECT in progress Construction of CECT completed

26
6.0 CONSTRUCTION OF CLOSE ENDED CONSERVATION TRENCH
(CECT)

2.4 meter

2.4 meter

1.8 meter

Measurement inspection Dimension of CECT

27
 6.0 CONSTRUCTION OF CLOSE ENDED CONSERVATION TRENCH
(CECT)

0.45 meter
0.6 meter
0.6 meter

End of CECT Path/Overflow drain with depth of The dimension of end of CECT/overflow drain
0.6 meter and width of 0.45 meter at the end of at the end of CECT.
CECT to drain out excess water to collection
drain and avoid water stagnant at the planting
point.
28
7.0 FELLING, SHREDDING, AND
STACKING

29
 7.0 FELLING, SHREDDING, AND STACKING

Felling Shredding
Harvesting should continue prior to felling to Excavate the entire palm bole together with
minimize VOPs. all its roots. All trees either standing or
Prior to felling, all fully developed bunches collapsed shall be shredded and all stumps
with red color shall be recovered. must be uprooted.
30
 7.0 FELLING, SHREDDING, AND STACKING

Stacking Compress stacking row

Chipped trunks, boles and root-masses All chipped trunks, boles and root-masses
should be stacked and must be placed into must be compressed using excavator.
the close-ended conservation trench (CECT).

31
7.0 FELLING, SHREDDING, AND STACKING

Thickness:
<10 cm @
4 inches

Length: Width: <45

<90 cm @ cm @ 18
36 inches inches

32
8.0 DEBOLING & CLOSING
DEBOLING

33
 8.0 DEBOLES AND CLOSING DEBOLES

2 meter

2.4mer
1.2 meter
1.2meter
2 meter

Deboling root mass in process Dimension of deboling Closing deboling hole

To do 100% Ganoderma pits for standing palms and vacant old point.
To ensure that remains of bole tissue and the major part of root system are fully remove and
expose to sunlight
The debris (root mass/bole) should be shredded and spread out at the top of chips trunk in
the CECT.
The deboling pits needs to close minimum after 14 days using soil from CECT which kept near
to palm base during construction of CECT. 34
9.0 DESILTING EXISTING DRAIN
(COLLECTION DRAIN)

35
9.0 DESILTING EXISTING DRAIN (COLLECTION DRAIN)

2.0 meter

1.5 meter

0.9 meter

Desilting collection drain in process Dimension of collection drain

36
10.0 DRAIN CONSTRUCTION
(NEW FIELD DRAIN)

37
 10.0 DRAIN CONSTRUCTION (NEW FIELD DRAIN)

The work should involve the construction of new drains determined by the management.
Construction of new drains shall be done after lining is completed.
All spoils excavated must be levelled to the surrounding ground at least 1 m away from the drain
edges.
The Estate Manager shall indicate the alignment and the type of drains to be constructed. General
cross sectioned dimensions of main, collection and field drains are as follows:

38
 10.0 DRAIN CONSTRUCTION (NEW FIELD DRAIN)

Construction new field drain in progress After construction new field drain

0.9 meter

39
10.0 DRAIN CONSTRUCTION (NEW FIELD DRAIN)

1.0 meter

0.75 meter

0.3 meter

Measurement inspection Dimension of new field drain

40
11.0 REALIGN OF ROAD

41
 11.0 WIDENING & REALIGN OF ROAD

The standard widths of the roads both for flat/undulating areas to be constructed
are:

Existing roads to maintain and further improved to minimize the cost of replanting
and new roads construction. All roads must be in a grid system.
To realign and widen the existing road if required.
To strengthen the existing road with road resurfacing and stoning for all-weather
roads condition.
NO PLANTING POINT LOSS for the road to adhere.
The existing road is in the 4.25m inter-palm spacing row.
Lay-by
• Main Road: Based on estate requirement.
• Collection Road: Every 250 meters interval.
42
11.0 WIDENING & REALIGN OF ROAD

To realign planting
point 2.00 meters
from road edge to PLANTING
give access for DISTANCE
(8.5m)
road construction
and to avoid
planting point loss
Existing/ new
Collection Road

43
11.0 REALIGN OF ROAD

Pegging and realigning the existing collection road.

44
12.0 LAND FORMING

45
 12.0 LAND FORMING AT STRAIGHT PLANTING AREAS

0.6 m

Land Forming

All spoils excavated must be levelled to the surrounding ground at least 1 meter away
from the drain edges.
The land forming must not be less than 0.60 m @ 2 feet above the original peat level.
46
13.0 PEAT COMPACTION

47
 13.0 PEAT COMPACTION

2.4mer
0.45 m

1.2meter 1.2 meter

Levelling process Compaction in progress After compaction

8 runs compaction from field drain to CECT, it must be complied with the required depth.
Compacted planting rows shall not less than 0.45 m above original peat level.

48
 13.0 PEAT COMPACTION
EX200 (
EXCAVATOR COMPACTION PASSES
TRACK SIZE )
3.0 m 1m 1m

X X X X
F C F
I E I
X X X X
E C E
1.4 m L 1.2 meter T L
D X X D
X X
D
D R D
R A R
A X X I X X A
I N I
N N
X X X X

0.8 m 0.8 m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 FIRE BREAK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

PASS

8 runs compaction from field drain to CECT, it must be complied with the required depth to get 0.45 m
of cambering.
49
14.0 LINING FOR PLANTING

50
 14.0 LINING FOR PLANTING

Proper lining and planting are essential to ensure efficient field operations throughout the
planting cycle.
Objective:
I. To provide uniform palm stands and spacing.
II. To provide palm equal access to nutrients, water and sunlight.
III. To achieve optimum stands per hectare (160 palms per hectare).
Install the first planting baseline(‘Rajah’ baseline following from the Pre-Lining point) right-
angle to the main block baseline. The former should be parallel to the collection road line.
Mark out 7.4 m inter-row spacing along the ‘Rajah’ baseline and 8.5 m along the planting
row.
Planting points are marked with colored bamboo sticks and checked by sighting along
the new palm row line to ensure the areas are properly aligned.

51
14.0 LINING FOR PLANTING

EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
PLANTING (8.5m)

To realign
planting point
2.00 meters from
road edge to give
PLANTING
access for road DISTANCE
construction and (8.5m)
to avoid planting
point loss

Collection Road

52
14.0 LINING FOR PLANTING

Lining for planting in progress

53
14.0 LINING FOR PLANTING

Coloured
bamboo stick

Lining for planting in progress Lining inspection

54
14.0 LINING FOR PLANTING
Planting Inter-row:
distance: 7.4 meter
8.5 meter

55
15.0 ESTABLISHMENT OF MUCUNA
BRACTEATA

56
 15.0 MUCUNA BRACTEATA ESTABLISHMENT
Importance of Cover Crop Establishment

• Soil moisture conservation

• Water retention
• Reduce soil erosion
• Improve soil structure
• Nitrogen “N”-fixation
• Organic matter decomposition
• Reduce weeding issue
• Eliminate breeding sites of pests

57
 15.0 MUCUNA BRACTEATA ESTABLISHMENT

• MB planted
immediately 15ft 15ft

after 15ft 15ft

completion of
land forming 15ft 15ft

and lining for Planted in

planting. 15ft 15ft
between palms

• MB planted at 15ft 15ft

15ft interval in 15ft

15ft
planting row
and in between 15ft 15ft

palm at
cambered path.
58
15.0 MUCUNA BRACTEATA ESTABLISHMENT

Photos of 12 months old seedlings

in the replant field – Planting 2021
areas
59
15.0 GROWTH OF MUCUNA BRACTEATA (MB)

JANUARY 2020 FEBRUARY 2020 MARCH 2020

APRIL 2020 MAY 2020 JUNE 2020

60
16.0 HOLING FOR PLANTING

61
16.0 HOLING (USING HAD PEAT PUNCHER)

62
16.0 HOLING (USING HAD PEAT PUNCHER)

Holing planting point using HAD puncher

63
16.0 HOLING

0.33 m

Planting hole diameter 0.33 m Planting hole depth 0.63 m

64
 16.0 HOLING

Opinion: Holing specification and technique

65
17.0 PLANTING IN PEAT AREA

66
 17.0 PLANTING IN PEAT AREA
Critical Area to Observe
• Loading at nursery.
– Unloading at field
– Distribution into field
– Unloading at planting point
• Wet the seedlings prior to dispatch.
• Suitable glove for handlers.
• Sign of poor handling - many pinnae
is broken.
• Open the polybag just before /
planting. Correct Handling Suitable Gloves

• No overnight seedlings in the field.

67
 17.0 PLANTING IN PEAT AREA

Transportation & Distribution of Seedlings

• Palms should be ‘rocked’ at least 2
– 4 weeks before planting.
• Lift & rotate bags @ 90°.
• Ensure thorough & adequate
watering daily.
• Handle carefully during loading
and transportation.
• Well grown seedlings 11-12
months old.
• Well watered before field planting.
• Distribute the seedlings close to
the planting holes.
68
 17.0 PLANTING IN PEAT AREA

Guidelines for OP planting on peat area:

1. Holing using HAD Puncher.

2. Broadcasted in the planting holes the pre-pack fertilizers (pre-weight & pre-mixed
in a plastic bag).
I. 250 gm of Rock Phosphate (evenly broadcasted in the planting holes).
II. 15 gm Zinc Sulphate (immediate
2.4mer
apply on the palm circle of 0.30 meter apart
from palm base). 1.2meter 1.2 meter
III. 15 gm Copper Sulphate (immediate apply on the palm circle of 0.30 meter
apart from palm base).
IV. 250 gm NPK Yellow (15 : 15 : 6 : 4) (immediate apply on the palm circle of 0.30
meter apart from palm base).
5. Remove the polybags by tearing off the bags (DON’T CUT USING KNIFE)
6. Place the seedling into the planting hole and make sure the seedling is planted in
the upright position and CONSOLIDATE the hole firmly.
 17.0 PLANTING IN PEAT AREA

Planting hole before planting the seedling Fertilizer application prior planting
Evenly broadcasted in the planting holes
1. RP – 250 gm

Immediate apply on the palm circle of 0.30 meter apart

from palm base
1. Zn – 15 gm
2. Cu – 15 gm
3. NPK Yellow – 250 gm
70
 17.0 PLANTING IN PEAT AREA

Stamping stick

Place the oil palm seedling into the planting Soil filling and consolidate firmly with a stamping
hole and make sure the seedling planted in stick to ensure no air pockets in the planting
upright position and firmly placed. holes. Empty polybags to be placed in
between of the lowest frond for inspection
purpose.
71
17.0 PLANTING ON PEAT AREA

Palm planting in Nov 2019 Palm condition in July 2022

(Matured)

72
18.0 MULCHING AND 1-YEAR 1-OFF
FERTILIZER APPLICATION

73
 18.0 MULCHING AND 1-YEAR 1-OFF FERTILIZER APPLICATION

Applied for the whole 1st-year fertilizer program 1 month after planting.
The application is 0.30 m from the palm base with pre-pack and pre-
weighing fertilizer mixed in a plastic bag prior to the application.
The fertilizer per seedling as per recommendation is 3.90 Kg. The detail of
the fertilizer is as per below:
I. 3.20 kg of Compound Blue.
2.4mer

II. 0.30 kg Zinc Sulphate. 1.2meter 1.2 meter

III. 0.30 kg gm Copper Sulphate.

IV. 0.10 kg Borate.
Footnote:
The fertilizer recommendation may
vary depending on the soil type.
The agronomist will provide the
recommendation
74
 18.0 MULCHING AND 1-YEAR 1-OFF FERTILIZER APPLICATION

There is 2 method of fertilizer application (1st year manuring):

i) Plastic Mulch only (with One off one-year Fertilizer Application) –
applicable for estates without a source of EFB.
ii) Mulching using EFB only (without One off one-year Fertilizer
Application) – applicable for estates which have their own
source of EFB. 2.4mer

Plastic mulch type 1m x 2m @ 0.04mm thickness is used to avoid the

One off one-year fertilizer being washed away by rain or degraded
by sunlight.
One off one-year fertilizer application cannot be used for those
estates using EFB mulching. This is because the EFB will decay fast and
compromise the fertilizer underneath. The fertilizer application is
normal as programmed.

75
 18.0 PLASTIC MULCHING AND 1-YEAR 1-OFF FERTILIZER APPLICATION

1. Using plastic mulching only with One off one-year fertilizer application (an alternative if plastic
mulch is available and non-existence of EFB).

76
18.0 EFB MULCHING

2. Using EFB only (an alternative if EFB source is available)

77
THANK YOU