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 Location-Based
Information Systems
Developing Real-Time
Tracking Applications

Miguel A. Labrador
Alfredo J. Pérez
Pedro M. Wightman

© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

K12176_FM.indd 3 8/26/10 2:35:17 PM

 Chapman & Hall/CRC
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© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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Preface

Location-based services (LBS) are finally coming out of research labs and get-
ting into the hands of final users. It is fairly common to see cellular carriers
and private companies offering LBS to locate your children, friends, and sites
of interest, track assets, enhance the security of key personnel, help people
with disabilities use public transportation, guide tourists, and many others.
Location-based advertisement is becoming a very big business. Very soon users
will be receiving customized advertisements in their cellular phones according
to their current location. Military-related LBS systems have also been imple-
mented to provide real-time situational awareness. Soldiers are receiving alert
messages with additional information according to their current location. The
interesting aspect is that LBS applications are just starting to emerge and the
potential for growth the next several year is tremendous.
One common aspect of all these LBS applications is that they are built
on top of an infrastructure that includes not only the cellular phone and
the application that runs in it but also a communication network, a back
end application that runs in a server somewhere, and a series of supporting
servers and databases that together provide useful information back to the
user. This entire infrastructure on top of which many LBS applications can
be efficiently supported and run is what we call Location-Based Information
Systems (LBIS). LBIS are being developed to target problems in many, if not
all, sectors of the economy. In this regard, the timing of this book could not
be better.
Looking into the future, current research is bringing new refinements and
improvements and is pushing the technology even further. We can see LBIS
systems transforming into what is being called “Participatory Sensing” and
“Human-Centric Sensing” systems. In addition to having the location of the
user in real-time, the cellular phone could integrate and provide information
coming from other sensors or devices. For example, the user could be wear-
ing Bluetooth-based sensors to continuously measure his or her temperature,
heart rate, and other vital signals. Accelerometers are already integrated in
several cellular phones. They are very useful in determining the type of activ-
ity that the user is doing, which along with their vital signals could be used
in many health care-related applications. Cellular phones could also integrate
measurements from other types of sensors and be used to address large-scale
societal problems. For example, if all cellulars phone were equipped with air-
quality sensors, and all users participated in the application, we could have

© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

vi

information about the pollution level in an entire city very easily. Similarly,
we should be able to easily determine the congestion level, travel times, etc.,
in most of our major roads. As you can see, the future of location-based in-
formation systems is very promising.

Book Origin and Overview

This book is the result of more than six years of research and development
in location-based information systems. This research involved the investigation
of new architectures, middleware, algorithms, protocols, mechanisms, etc., to
address particular problems related to the implementation of a variety of
location-based applications, mostly for the transportation industry and the
military. It is also the result of our active participation in the definition of the
Java ME Location API 2.0 as part of the JSR 293 working group. After all
these years, we thought it was time to include this topic into the mainstream
of courses in our university, so we prepared a junior-/senior-level course and
wrote this book to support it.
The book contains information and examples to implement a general real-
time location-based information system. In fact, all chapters of the book tar-
get the implementation of a general real-time tracking system example. It is
general in the sense that the system should be easily adapted to target any
application domain. Further, the incorporation of other sensors’s data to make
the system “participatory” or “human-centric” should be a straight-forward
extension.
The book consists of twelve chapters and one appendix. Chapter 1 in-
troduces the definition and classification of location-based services and the
types of LBS applications. It also describes the three most important location
provider architectures. This chapter describes an entire real-time tracking sys-
tem that will be used throughout the book as an example. Each subsequent
chapter of the book shows how to implement a piece of the tracking system
example. The chapter concludes with a description of the software architec-
ture we used to implement the tracking system and a look into the future,
including concepts such as participatory sensing and human-centric sensing.
Chapter 2 describes the hardware and software architectures of a typical cellu-
lar phone. Chapter 3 describes the Java Platform Micro Edition, or Java ME,
the Java platform for resource-constrained devices. The chapter includes the
description of the entire software stack: the Connected Limited Device Con-
figuration 1.1, the Mobile Information Device Profile 2.0, and the optional
packages. Chapter 4 shows how to create MIDlets, those Java-based programs
that comply with the Java ME platform. Some of the most important APIs
used in the development of MIDlets are also described there. The chapter also
touches on security and privacy issues and mechanisms. Chapter 5 is devoted
to other important programming aspects such as memory management, con-
currency, dynamic linking, and energy management, all especially important
for resource-constrained devices. Chapter 6 is about obtaining the user’s po-

© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

 vii

sition, the different technologies, systems, and players. At the end, the Java
Location API 2.0 is also described in detail. Chapter 7 is about relational and
geographical databases, how to define them, and how to store and retrieve
information from a cellular phone. Similarly, Chapter 8 covers the topic of
communications, or how to exchange data between the cellular phone and the
main application server. Chapter 9 explains how to create and use Web ser-
vices from cellular phones. Chapter 10 introduces the reader to the Google
Web Toolkit and how to use it to create system administration functions, such
as creating and deleting users, modifying the user information, and the like.
Chapter 11 shows how to display the location of the users in Google Maps
or Google Earth in real-time using the browser of any computer connected to
the Internet. Finally, Chapter 12 includes some examples of additional pro-
cessing functions at the cellular phone and the server meant to improve the
system’s performance and provide enhanced services. The Appendix A tells
the reader where to download all the software needed to implement the entire
location-based information system and guides the reader through the instal-
lation procedure.

Intended Audience
The book is intended for undergraduate students in their junior or senior
years, professors, researchers, and industry professionals interested in the de-
sign and implementation of location-based information systems. The book can
also be used as a reference book in a graduate class on the same topic.

Resources
A companion Website has been set up to provide additional information
and supporting material. The Website contains all software packages and ap-
plications utilized in the book as well as the PowerPoint slides and laboratory
examples utilized to teach the course CIS 4930 Location-Based Information
Systems at the University of South Florida (USF). All this material and more
can be found at http://www.csee.usf.edu/~labrador/LBIS.

Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge the financial support that we have received
from the federal Department of Transportation and the Florida Department
of Transportation through the National Center for Transit Research (NCTR),
AT&T, the National Science Foundation, and more recently, TeamTaclan.
Special thanks to Sprint, which has given us access to their development en-
vironment and A-GPS server, as well as considerable support in terms of
cellular phones and data plans for our research. They have supported our
research and development efforts on location-based information system over
the past six years. We would also like to acknowledge the help and support
of our research team mates Sean Barbeau, Phil Winters, Nevine Georggi, and

© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

viii

Rafael Pérez, as well as the large number of past and current graduate and
undergraduate students who have worked in all our projects. We would also
like to thank the staff of Taylor and Francis, and Randi Cohen in particu-
lar, for their support during all the phases of the book. Finally, we want to
acknowledge our own families for their patience, support, and understanding
during all these months of continuous, hard work.

About the Authors

Miguel A. Labrador received the M.S. in Telecommunications and the
Ph.D. degree in Information Science with concentration in Telecommunica-
tions from the University of Pittsburgh, in 1994 and 2000, respectively. Since
2001, he has been with the University of South Florida, Tampa, where he
is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science
and Engineering. Before joining USF, he worked at Telcordia Technologies,
Inc., New Jersey, in the Broadband Networking Group of the Professional
Services Business Unit. He has more than fifteen years of industry experience
in the telecommunications area. His research interests are in design and per-
formance evaluation of computer networks and communication protocols for
wired, wireless, and optical networks, energy-efficient mechanisms for wire-
less sensor networks, bandwidth estimation techniques, and location-based
services. He has published more than 50 technical and educational papers in
journals and conferences devoted to these topics. Dr. Labrador has served
as Technical Program Committee member of many IEEE conferences and is
currently member of the Editorial Board of Computer Communications and
the Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Elsevier Science. He is
the lead author of the book Topology Control in Wireless Sensor Networks,
Springer 2009 and served as guest editor of the special issue of Computer
Communications on “Advanced Location-Based Services.” Dr. Labrador is a
senior member of the IEEE Communications Society, and member of the ACM
SIGCOMM and SIGCSE, ASEE, and Beta Phi Mu honor society.
Alfredo J. Pérez received his B.S. in Systems Engineering from the
Universidad del Norte, in Barranquilla, Colombia, in 2006, and his M.S. is in
Computer Science from the University of South Florida in 2009, where he is a
Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering. His
research interests are in the areas of mobile sensor networks, location-based
systems, evolutionary algorithms, and multi-objective optimization. Alfredo
is a member of the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society and member of
the Location Aware Information Systems Laboratory at USF.
Pedro M. Wightman received his B.Sc. in Systems Engineering from
the Universidad del Norte, in Barranquilla, Colombia, in 2004. He received
his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science and Engineering from the
University of South Florida in 2007 and 2010, respectively. Dr. Wightman
worked as an adjunct instructor at the Universidad del Norte during 2004

© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

 ix

and 2005 and since 2010, he has been with the Universidad del Norte, Bar-
ranquilla, where he is currently a Professor in the Department of Systems
Engineering. In 2005 he was selected to participate in the National Program
of Young Researchers in Colombia, sponsored by the Colombian Institute of
Science and Technology, Colciencias. In 2005, he was selected by the Universi-
dad del Norte to participate in the Teaching Formation Program, which gave
him the opportunity to start his doctorate. His research interests are in the
development of energy-efficient topology construction and topology mainte-
nance protocols for wireless sensor networks. Dr. Wightman is co-author of
the book Topology Control in Wireless Sensor Networks, Springer 2009. He is
a member of the IEEE Communication Society, and co-founder of CommNet,
the Communication Networks Group at USF.

Tampa Miguel A. Labrador

May 2010 Alfredo J. Pérez
Pedro M. Wightman

© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Dedication

Dedicado a mi esposa Mariela, y a mis hijos Miguel Andrés y Daniel Ignacio.

Miguel A. Labrador

Dedicado a mis Padres, mis hermanas y a Rossana. Ad Maiorem Dei Gloriam.

Alfredo J. Pérez

Dedico este trabajo a mi familia por todo el apoyo que me han bridado desde
que tengo memoria, en especial a los Arango y a los Chiriboga.
Pedro M. Wightman

xi

© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

List of Figures

1.1 Network-based location provider architecture. . . . . . . . . 4

1.2 Mobile-based location provider architecture. . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Location provider-based location provider architecture. . . . 6
1.4 A complete LBIS real-time tracking system example. . . . . 7
1.5 Client-side software architecture [19] c 2010 IEEE, Inc. In-
cluded here by permission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.6 Server-side software architecture [19] c 2010 IEEE, Inc. In-
cluded here by permission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.7 A high-level architecture for future location-based sensing in-
formation systems [46] c 2010 IEEE, Inc. Included here by
permission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.1 General architecture of a cellular phone. . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.2 A Java program flow of execution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3.1 The family of Java platforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

3.2 The Java ME platform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

4.1 The life cycle of a MIDlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

4.2 The Hello World MIDlet in NetBeans’ cellular phone emulator. 41
4.3 Hierarchy of the most important classes in the user interface
package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

5.1 Threads’ state machine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

5.2 Energy consumption of UDP and TCP. Reproduced from [19]
c 2003 IEEE, Inc. Included here by permission. . . . . . . . 66

6.1 The GPS frame structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

6.2 2D circular lateration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
6.3 The GSM cellular network architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.4 The GPRS cellular network architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . 75

7.1 Rows and columns of the users’ table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

7.2 Design of the database of our LBIS tracking system example. 94
7.3 Creating a new database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
7.4 Defining the parameters of a new database. . . . . . . . . . . 107

xiii

© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

xiv

7.5 Selecting the option to create a new table in a database. . . 108

7.6 Defining the name of the new table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
7.7 Creating new columns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
7.8 List of all columns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
7.9 General information about a primary key constraint. . . . . 111
7.10 Including the columns that are part of the primary key. . . . 111
7.11 Including a constraint for the zipcode column. . . . . . . . . 112
7.12 Obtaining the SQL script for the creation of the table. . . . 112
7.13 Opening the SQL execution module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
7.14 Executing SQL code to create a new table. . . . . . . . . . . 114
7.15 Executing a SQL query. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

8.1 Hierarchical tree of inheritance of the Connection interface. 118

8.2 Hierarchical tree of inheritance of the javax.microedition.messaging
package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

9.1 The Web services paradigm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

9.2 The entire process and components of the Web services API. 142
9.3 Definition of Web service operations and parameters. . . . . 145
9.4 The Web service implementation code. . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
9.5 Design of the calculator MIDlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
9.6 Design of the calculator form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
9.7 The calculator MIDlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

10.1 The GWT development process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

10.2 The database model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
10.3 Creating a project for Eclipse using the GWT command line
tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
10.4 Importing a GWT project in Eclipse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
10.5 Testing the GWT application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
10.6 Eclipse’s Package Explorer tree for the GWT project. . . . . 165
10.7 Window for creating a device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
10.8 The AJAX RPC approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
10.9 Executing the DeviceServiceManager’s RPC call without
service implementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
10.10 NetBeans’ window after the Web project is created. . . . . . 178
10.11 Adding libraries to the project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
10.12 Configuring the GWT servlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

11.1 Adding the Google Maps API into GWT. . . . . . . . . . . 185

11.2 Google Earth graphical user interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
11.3 Creating a network link in Google Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . 198
11.4 An active tracking session as shown in Google Earth. . . . . 199
11.5 Google Earth loaded in a Web application. . . . . . . . . . . 206

12.1 The distance-time-based critical point algorithm. . . . . . . 215

© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

 xv

12.2 Integration of WSNs and LBIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

A.1 Administrator information and communication ports for

GlassFish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
A.2 Recommended options for the server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
A.3 Location of the files to be replaced in GlassFish. . . . . . . . 225
A.4 Starting the application server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
A.5 Test Web page to check if the server is running correctly. . . 227
A.6 Administrator information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
A.7 Communication port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
A.8 Postgres’s administrator information and communication port
for PostGIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
A.9 Option to create a new geographic database. . . . . . . . . . 230
A.10 Name of the new geographic database. . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
A.11 Location of the JDBC drivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
A.12 Location of the PostGIS and Postgres JDBC drivers in the
application server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
A.13 Administration console of the application server. . . . . . . . 233
A.14 Location of the option for creating a connection pool in the
application server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
A.15 General information about the nature of the connection pool. 234
A.16 Upper section of the configuration parameters. . . . . . . . . 235
A.17 Lower section of the configuration parameters. . . . . . . . . 235
A.18 Testing the connection to the database from the connection
pool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
A.19 Location of the option for creating a connection pool on the
application server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
A.20 General information about the nature of the connection pool. 237
A.21 Addition of a server in NetBeans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
A.22 Selecting the type of server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
A.23 Registering a local server with the default domain. . . . . . 240
A.24 Registering a remote server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
A.25 Location information of the remote server. . . . . . . . . . . 242
A.26 Adding the information of the server’s user administrator. . 242
A.27 Final view of the registration of the new server. . . . . . . . 243
A.28 Installation of the GWT and the GWT Maps API. . . . . . 244
A.29 Installation of the Eclipse IDE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
A.30 Select Java Platforms from the Tools menu. . . . . . . . . . 247
A.31 The Add Platform window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
A.32 Selection of the proper type of platform. . . . . . . . . . . . 248
A.33 Location of the Sprint WWT platform. . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
A.34 Selection of the Sprint WWT platform for inspection. . . . . 249
A.35 Final window of the installation process of the Sprint WWT. 250

© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

List of Tables

2.1 Summary of memory types, usage, and characteristics. . . . 20

xvii

© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Contents

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Definition and Classification of LBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1.1 Types of LBS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Location Provider Architectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 A Complete LBIS Real-Time Tracking System Example . . . 6
1.4 Software Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4.1 Client-Side Software Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4.2 Server-Side Software Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5 A Brief Look into the Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.6 Organization of the Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2 The Mobile Phone 15

2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2 The Hardware Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2.1 The Microprocessor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2.2 Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2.3 The GPS Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.4 Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.5 Future Trends and Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3 The Software Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3.1 The Java ME Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.3.1.1 The Execution Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.3.1.2 The Heap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.3.1.3 The Garbage Collector . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.3.1.4 The Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.3.1.5 The Verifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.3.1.6 The Thread Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.4 The Mobile Phone and the LBIS Tracking System Example . 26

3 The Java Platform Micro Edition (Java ME) 27

3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.2 The Java ME Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.3 The Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) Layer
1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.3.1 Java Programming Language and Virtual Machine Fea-
tures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

xix

© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
 To a woman there is no happiness more sincere, more honest
than that of spending money freely on her personal adornment. Next
in degree is that of spending it on the decoration of another. Such as
have not money at command to lavish, enjoy a very real and full
happiness when the chance comes to them to dip freely into another
person's purse regardless of the object for which they dip. Mrs.
Tomkin-Jones had felt poignantly her inability to sweep into every
shop in Bath, and run up bills commensurate with her social
importance, and worthy of the memory of the late M.D. the Maker of
Bath. But now her bosom swelled, and every pulse tingled with
pride, because she was able to exhibit before the shop assistants
that she was a woman who, if she did not spend much herself, was
able to introduce to them such as could do so. The consciousness of
importance gave stiffness to her back, amplitude to her bosom,
elevation to her chin, and passed in electric rustles through the folds
of her gown.

The mere looking through an assortment of materials, the

matching of ribbons, the balancing of trimmings against the textile
fabrics they are to enrich, afford a joy to the female heart such as
no man can enter into.

When the preliminaries had been discussed and determined, then

ensued the second act of the drama, the ascent to the measuring
and fitting room, from which man is as absolutely excluded as of old
from the mysteries of the Bona Dea. Mrs. Tomkin-Jones described a
circle with a sweep of her skirts and said to Jesse, 'My dear, I am
sure you will remain here with Mr. Wardroper, whilst I attend Miss
Holwood above!' Then to the young man, 'I am truly sorry, but do
you mind?'
 'To be left with Miss Jesse is like being given the custody of the
Crown jewels,' answered he.

When Winefred and Mrs. Tomkin-Jones were gone, Jesse turned

with a laugh to Frank Wardroper, and said: 'It is positively bad. We
are boring you intolerably.'

'Not at all. My soul lives in art.'

'You are laughing at us.'

'Set your mind at rest. Do you not see that the proper dressing of
a lovely girl is a matter of transcendental importance? It is like the
setting of a fine melody to rich and appropriate harmonies, it is the
clothing of a poetic idea in a cloud of expressive, illustrative words.
Be a jewel ever so fine, it exacts proper mounting.'

'Is this your own?' asked Jesse bluntly.

'It is from my father—like the ring. I do not pretend to originate,

only to embellish.'

'I have no great interest in dress.'

'You are wrong. Excuse my saying it, but you are. You have, you
say, at home salmon and ducks. The whole charm, delight of our
prospective meal will consist in their being well dressed, stuffed and
garnished. There is style in everything, in language, in painting, in
cooking, and in clothing, and no woman is justified in forgetting
this.'

After the lapse of a quarter of an hour, the feet of Mrs. Tomkin-

Jones appeared on the stair, followed by the gradual unrolling of the
lady, next by that of Winefred, and then that of the shop-woman, as
they descended from the measuring department.

A placitude, an elevation, an illumination invested the countenance

of Mrs. Tomkin-Jones, as though she had endowed a hospital, or was
about to give her body to be burned in martyrdom for the Faith.

'Will one of the young men call my coachman,' said the lady with
dignity. 'And, Miss Finch, you will remember my instructions about
the ruche.'

'Home!' ordered Mrs. Tomkin-Jones, accepting the offices of the

shopman, when he shut the carriage door, as undeserving of
recognition, being of everyday occurrence. 'Since we live in the same
square, Mr. Frank, my carriage will take you to your door after
having set us down.'

One of the party alone was dispirited and indisposed for

conversation, and that was she whose money was being spent, and
whose person was to be adorned. A fibre of her soul had been
jarred.

On reaching the door round the corner, the ladies descended.

Frank Wardroper had jumped out.

'Baker shall drive you on,' said Mrs. Tomkin-Jones grandly.

'Not at all—we are but five doors off.'

'He really may as well.'

'I am already out and on my feet.'

 He took off his hat and bowed.

'Au revoir,' said Mrs. Jones, 'à sept heures.'

On entering the house, Winefred, who had become somewhat

pale, laid her hand on the arm of her hostess and said, 'I should
wish to say something.'

'By all means, my dear, when?'

'Now, but not in the passage.'

'The hall,' was Mrs. Jones's correction. 'Is it concerning the tulle
for the Assembly Ball? I myself question the ribbons?'

'It is not about any dresses,' answered Winefred.

'Well, here, come into the dining-room. Sylvana! No, she is not
there, and the fire is low. Goodness, how the smell of last meal
hangs about! Why did she not open the windows? As to the
domestic servants, they think of nothing. Now, my dear, what is it?'

'Shall I come in?' asked Jesse.

'Yes,' said Winefred. 'I should wish you to hear what I have to
say.' She shut the door. Mrs. Tomkin-Jones drew off a glove, and
then threw up her veil.

'Very well, yes, my dear.'

'It is one thing only,' said the girl.

Jesse saw that she was in earnest, that her communication would
not concern the dresses. She said to herself, 'That girl has a temper,
and is going to fly out.'

'It is one thing only,' repeated Winefred, looking straight at the

widow. 'What did you say to the gentleman in a foreign language?'

'To Frank Wardroper? In what language? I speak several.'

'I cannot tell what tongue it was, but it was not English.'

'Oh! I did say something in French, I remember. But of course you

know French?'

'I do not. You know that I do not.'

'Every lady is familiar——'

'I was not brought up as a lady.'

Mrs. Tomkin-Jones was confounded, but she recovered herself.

'No, my dear child, I know you were left in charge of an ignorant
person who neglected——'

'I was sent to a Dame's school, but I did not learn French there.
That matters not. You were, I think, alluding in French to my—to my
—Mrs. Marley. You used some words; that was before we entered
the shop. If they concerned me I do not care, but if they reflected
on her, I do care. I care with my whole heart and soul, and'—the
tears were near filling her eyes—'I have heard you call her a person,
a creature, a thing, and what you said about her in French I know
not, but it was not civil or you would not have spoken it in a strange
tongue. What did you say?'

'I really do not recall.'

 'It does not matter. But, madam, consider this. I will not have Mrs.
Marley spoken of, in English or in French, in a way that is not
respectful. None but I know what she has been to me, nor how that
there is no one in the world to fight her battles but myself. No one
but I know how good she is, how true, how honest, how loving;
those who snap and sneer at her are not worthy to buckle her
shoes. A word spoken against her, in ridicule or in disparagement, I
will not bear, I cannot bear. I cannot tell what I might say or do if I
heard it again. But of this I am certain, I will throw all the
advantages away from me which I might gain by being here rather
than hear it again. I would rather leave the house and go back to
her once more.'

'It does your heart credit,' said Mrs. Tomkin-Jones, who was really
a good and well-meaning woman.

Then Jesse burst forth: 'Let me kiss you. Now I know that I shall
love you. If mamma says a word against her, I will stamp on her
corns, and she has soft ones, too!'
 CHAPTER XXXIII
IN THE SQUARE

T he day was pleasant, the sun shone, and the spring buds were
swelling. In Bath vegetation is in advance of that elsewhere.
The crocus was passing and the daffodil was coming on.

Clouds, mountainous, snowy, were piled up in the blue sky.

The sun was warm, in the garden of the square it was possible to
sit out and enjoy it. The hills about Bath, and the houses that
encompassed the square, cut off the cold wind.

Mrs. Tomkin-Jones, because numbered as belonging to the

square, possessed a key that admitted within the rails into the
precinct where grew seringa and snowballs, was wintry grass, and
where accumulated scraps of paper, the waifs of the street. By
means of the key Winefred had admitted herself to the garden, and
was seated on a bench enjoying the sun, occupied with thoughts the
reverse of sunny.

The girl was not reconciled to her surroundings. She had begun to
doubt her adaptability to them; she was low-spirited, and perplexed
as to her course. At moments she felt that she would have been less
uncomfortable at Axmouth. The gibes of the village girls would have
been less intolerable than the patronage of Mrs. Tomkin-Jones. The
envy of the rustics was a recognition of superiority, and
consequently flattering to her pride, whereas the condescension of
the doctor's widow impressed on her a sense of inferiority, and that
an inferiority on an uncertain stage. At Axmouth she at all events felt
the ground under her feet. Here, at Bath, she did not touch ground
at all. She was like one of those glass imps in a water bottle that
goes to the bottom at a touch on the elastic cover of the vessel, and
the thumb of Mrs. T.-J. was much employed in depressing her.

If Winefred could have said—I am a poor girl, I went about on the

seashore collecting pebbles and grinding them, and glad to get a
shilling for a good specimen, and my mother peddled tapes and
buttons, I have had no more education than could be acquired in a
Dame's school—then she would have experienced a sense of relief.

But this she could not do. Her father was a gentleman. She was
being polished at his desire, and in fulfilment of her mother's ardent
wishes. She was no longer poor, but her mother must ever remain
illiterate and excluded from the class into which she, Winefred, was
to be introduced. Nor was this all that troubled her. She was in
uncertainty as to the actual position of that mother whom she
idolised; consequently she was in doubt as to her own.

If her mother had been really married, then Winefred had a

perfect right to the name she bore, but it was a mistake for her
mother not to carry the same. But if the marriage had been invalid,
then she herself was guilty of imposition in assuming a name to
which she had no title. In many ways she was sailing under false
pretences. Her situation was full of difficulties and productive of
embarrassment. To shield her mother, she could not speak of her as
her mother; she was constrained to accept the fable that she was
her nurse. She was impelled into a course of equivocation and half-
truths against which her conscience rebelled.
 Were it to leak out that Mrs. Marley actually was her mother, what
looks would be exchanged, and how precipitate would be her
expulsion from the house! For herself she would not care. But she
was aware that her mother's ambition was to see her a lady, and this
was a necessary step towards that goal. Were she by her conduct or
admissions to forfeit her place there, it would make her mother's
heart bitter with disappointment. Moreover, she had been led to
believe that she was put with Mrs. Tomkin-Jones at her father's
desire, and deep in her heart lay the longing desire that she might
be the means at some future time of bringing him and her mother
together once more. If that consummation were to be obtained, it
could only be through fidelity in carrying out their common desire.

She had tact, and yet was in fear of betraying her ignorance,
transferred suddenly as she was from one social element into
another. When she did make a blunder it involved an elaborate
apology and explanation on the part of Mrs. Tomkin-Jones to such as
had witnessed the error, and this wounded her to the quick.

Had she been a cowardly girl she would have written to her
mother to say that her position was unendurable and that she must
return to her. But she was brave and strong. She knew her mother's
heart, and to satisfy the ambition of that heart she was content to
remain and suffer.

But it must be added that, although she was subjected to

humiliations and to discomforts, there were compensations. She was
quick-witted and perceptive enough to see that an opportunity was
given her of making her future. Nor was she so unfeminine as not to
feel relish in being measured, fitted, and brought up to the
fashionable pitch. Nor again so inhuman as not to derive pleasure
from being complimented by Mr. Wardroper, the value of whose
flatteries she was too inexperienced to estimate. As Winefred sat
thus, her mind a prey to many thoughts and her heart to conflicting
emotions, she noticed a man sauntering along the side of the
square, by the rail, which he tapped with his umbrella handle and
rattled as he came along.

Something in his manner attracted her attention, and diverted it

from her own affairs. Owing to the intervention of the rails she could
not see his face distinctly till he came near, and then only when
having inadvertently missed striking one bar, he stepped back to tap
it.

At once she leaped to her feet—she had recognised her father—

and she ran to the gate, opened it, and awaited him. Mrs. Tomkin-
Jones had studied the Bath Gazette, but had not found in it among
the fashionable arrivals that of the Governor of Tierra del Fuego, and
she had thought that Winefred must have been mistaken when she
caught a passing glimpse of a gentleman and took him to be her
father.

Now there could be no doubt as to the identity.

The same indecision was in the man in the square as had been in
him on the beach; but he looked feebler.

His action in tapping the bars was like that of a child. She
observed that his lips moved, he was counting them, without
purpose, as a child. His going back to strike a bar that had been
omitted was the action of a child.
 He was by no means an uncomely man. On the contrary, his
features were finely cut, and had the lower jaw been firmer, and the
chin less retreating, he would have been pronounced a handsome
man. His brow was high and white, his eyebrows well arched, and
the eyes fine, soft, and full.

Winefred's heart beat fast in uncertainty whether he would

recognise her or not.

He came slowly on, with his eyes looking dreamily before him, and
his lips moving as he counted, till he was close upon her. She
blocked the way to his advance. Then he drew back, raised his hat,
and said politely, 'A thousand pardons—sixty-eight, sixty-nine—I did
not observe you.'

He looked at Winefred. A trouble came into his eyes. He was not

sure. Did he know the young lady? The face was familiar, yet——

'I must apologise,' said he hesitatingly, 'if I—if I——'

'If you do not recollect your own child,' said Winefred, 'it is not her
fault. You are, indeed, my father, who met me on the shore, and
here is the watch you then gave me. I am Winefred Holwood.'

He recoiled, and groped in his pocket for his latchkey, but being
unable to find it, put the handle of his umbrella to his lips and blew
upon that, then stood, undecided, looking at her with the umbrella
held up between them, and the handle at his mouth.

'Father,' said Winefred, 'will you come through the gate into the
garden? I should like to have some talk with you.'
 'Oh, yes! indeed, indeed this is surprising. I trust no one
overheard you. Unexpected felicity, astounding encounter.'

'I saw you some days ago, as I was driving down Pulteney Street.'

'You were driving! How come you here? No, do not answer till I
see that we are not overheard. Is there any one else in the garden?
Were you in company? I should not like—I mean I should prefer——'

Winefred drew him within and shut the gate.

'I do not see why, father, you should be surprised to see me. It
was your wish that I should be brought up as a lady, and if you did
not choose Mrs. Tomkin-Jones's house for me——'

'I—I do not understand.'

'You provided the money; otherwise, of course, my darling mother

could not have afforded this.'

'I—I provided the money! Oh, yes, certainly, certainly, and with
the utmost regularity, and I shall continue to do so. But I did not
anticipate——'

'It was all arranged by dear Mrs. Jose.'

'Mrs. Jose! Oh, indeed.'

'She knew some people here of distinction, and they agreed to

receive me and polish me, so as to make a lady of me; you
understand, deal with me as Mr. Thomas Gasset does with the
pebbles, rub and smooth and bring to a surface. It was your own
desire.'
 'I—well. Oh, certainly. Nothing could be better; but do they know?
—excuse me, is it a matter of knowledge?'

'What do you mean, sir?'

She fixed her eye on him.

'I mean—I hardly can find words to adequately express my

meaning. I would say—What name do you carry here?'

'I have told you, father. Winefred Holwood. Holwood is your

name.'

'To be sure. Exactly. I wish I had my key, but they have deprived
me of it. Yes, of course, inevitable. And your—I mean your——'

'Mother?'

'Precisely. Is she also here?'

'No.'

He breathed freer.

'And do they know?'

'By they, I suppose you mean Mrs. Tomkin-Jones and her

daughters?'

'It is with them you are staying?'

'Yes—and they know nothing.'

'She—did she—I mean your mother—did she bring you to Bath?'

 'No. Mrs. Jose did that.'

'Mrs. Jose, certainly. Charming. But who is Mrs. Jose?'

'She is the farmer's wife at Bindon.'

'Bindon! Oh? I am again at fault. Bindon, very nice; but where is

Bindon?'

'Bindon is near where mother and I lived. Mrs. Jose has been very
kind to us, that is, to mother and me, when all the folk in Seaton
and Axmouth turned against us. She alone held to us and believed in
mother. And mother said that it was your intention that I should be
brought up as a lady, and she and Mrs. Jose put their heads
together, and I have been sent here to Mrs. Tomkin-Jones.'

'Mrs. Tomkin-Jones! Delicious! Who is this lady?'

'I believe her husband was the maker of Bath. A most eminent
physician. There is a story about him and a pill, but I do not know
it.'

'I never heard of him, or of her, or of the pill.'

'But Mrs. Tomkin-Jones knows about you.'

'Merciful powers! Knows what!' The man quaked.

'That you are a relative of Lord Finnborough.'

'Finnborough! Finnborough has never done anything for me,

although I believe there is some sort of a connection.'
 'Then that, at least, is true. Here I do not know what is lies and
what is truth. Will you sit down on this bench, sir? Mrs. Tomkin-
Jones lives in the corner house yonder, with an eye looking this way
and another that.'

'Do you think that her eye is on us now?'

'No; the sun shines in at it, so the blind is down.'

'How long do you remain with her?' Mr. Holwood's chin was too
retreating for him to be able to lodge it on the handle of his
umbrella, but he attempted to do so repeatedly, and as often failed.

'Till the rubbing and polishing are done. That will be long. I am
harder than a chalcedony.'

'This is a dreadful shock to me.'

'A shock to meet your child?'

'I mean, I mean a surprise. I am taking the waters. Strong

emotions I have been instructed to avoid. I am not well. A dreadful
menace hangs over me, a sword of Damocles. I have been ordered
here by my medical attendant. I feel unhinged at the news.' Then
changing his tone, and disengaging his hand from the umbrella, he
took Winefred's fingers in his nerveless grasp, and said, 'My child—
yes, my child—it is soothing to the feelings—to the heart of a
desolate, a sick, maybe a death-stricken man, to know that he has a
child.'

'And a wife.'

He winced and let go her hand.

 'There are sundry considerations that have interfered,' said he,
with a faltering voice, and a veil let down over his eyes. 'You cannot
understand. In the higher circles, you know; but she is your mother,
and I would rather say no more.'

'Father,' said Winefred, 'I will tell you right out how matters stand
here—here, not at Axmouth, only here in Bath. Here I am your child,
but my mother is thought to be dead.'

'Dead!' His cheek flushed.

'Only in Bath. She is in Axmouth, and alive there.'

'I do not understand.'

'Mrs. Jose has given out that she was my nurse—my nurse only,
not my mother. She did this because my dear mother insisted on it.'

'Oh! true. I am glad.'

'I do not like it. I am unhappy. It is a lie. I hate lies. But I cannot
help myself. Here, in Bath, she is known as my nurse.'

'Quite so, your nurse.'

'Yes, in Bath. Elsewhere she is my mother.'

'Ah, your mother. You have her force—her vehemence.'

'And she is your wife.'

'I am—ah! so agitated. I will see you again. I must go and have
some of the waters. I will call on Mrs.——'
 'Tomkin-Jones. And on me, your child?'

'Yes—I shall see you again—my child.'

He stood hesitating before her. Then he stooped, looked about

him timidly, and, seeing no one, kissed her brow.
 CHAPTER XXXIV
MISCHIEF-MAKING

A rap at the front door, followed by a ring, and then a card was
brought up by the servant and presented to Mrs. Tomkin-Jones
on a blistered Japan tray.

'Oh, certainly—charmed,' said the lady. Then to Winefred, 'My

dear—your father.'

Next moment Mr. Holwood was ushered into the drawing-room, in

which, happily, a fire was burning, but the covers had not been
removed from the furniture.

He was well dressed, in a plum-coloured coat with high rolling

collar, brass buttons, a tall cravat, and two waistcoats, one of which
was of figured silk. His trousers were tight-fitting and buttoned at
the ankles. At first glance Mrs. Jones saw that he was a gentleman
and a gentleman of style.

He bowed to each lady as he entered and advanced, and his gold-

framed eyeglass dangled and swung as a pendulum under these
evolutions. As he approached the lady of the house he offered
profuse apologies for his intrusion, and then turned and touched
Winefred's cheek with his lips.

'So glad to make your acquaintance, Mr. Holwood,' said Mrs.

Jones. 'It is a real honour to Bath to receive a visit from you.'
 'I have come,' said the gentleman, 'positively to throw myself at
your feet, madam, in the attitude of a suppliant. I am so much alone
in Bath——'

'Yes, the Finnboroughs have left.'

'The—oh yes!'

'How is your sister, the Viscountess?'

'My sister! Oh! you mean my cousin, Lady Finnborough. 'Pon my

word of honour, I don't know. It is Finnborough himself who is
dyspeptic. She is all right, I believe. I never heard anything to the
contrary; but, 'pon my soul, I know little of them, and they less of
me.'

Mrs. Tomkin-Jones sighed.

'It has occurred to me,' said Mr. Holwood, 'that my daughter,

coming from the country, might like to walk and look at the shops—
and possibly—some trifle in the windows—and so far as my limited
means reach—ahem! So I came, with all due deference, to ask if she
might be spared from the studies and all that kind of thing to come
a light stroll with me.'

'She is entirely at your service,' said the lady. 'I only regret that
her new set of gowns and her hats are not come home from
mantua-maker and milliner—in which she would be more suitably
dressed, and do you more justice.'

'I thank you—she will pass.'

 'By the way, sir,' said the widow, 'have you any objection to
Winefred attending the next ball at the Assembly?'

'Not in the least—only—but——'

'There is some difficulty about a chaperon. Since my bereavement

I cannot go—by the merest accident I know no one of title at the
present moment in Bath who could introduce her. There is Lady
Wardroper, but she is in constant attendance on her husband.'

'Wardroper!' said Mr. Holwood. 'Not Sir Barnaby?'

'The same.'

'I have met him at my office.'

'The son is very intimate here. He takes a lively interest in what

relates to dress.'

'Sir Barnaby was a bit of a buck.'

'Alas! he is now a cripple from rheumatism.'

'I was unaware that he was here. I will call and see him certainly.
I have not been in Bath many days.'

'You are not surely going?' said Mrs. Tomkin-Jones, as her visitor
rose. 'Run, Winefred, and get on your things. You desire her to be
with you now, I take it.'

'If you please.'

When Winefred had left the room, the doctor's widow said:—'You
will excuse the liberty I take, but the interest I feel in your engaging
daughter, and the responsibility laid upon me, induce me to speak
with a plainness from which I should otherwise shrink. I think, Mr.
Holwood, that you have made a mistake. Gentlemen, widowers
especially, are liable to fall into errors of judgment that produce
results that are deplorable. You have—pardon the remark and my
freedom in making it—you have committed a serious error in
allowing your daughter to grow up under the influence of that
woman.'

'That woman!' repeated Mr. Holwood timidly, and not having a

latchkey to trifle with, put the brim of his hat to his lips.

'The nurse, I mean, whose name is Mrs. Marley. It must be

confessed that she is a vulgar woman.'

'You know her?' His hand shook. He set down his hat and took up
his gold-edged glasses.

'Not at all. I judge by results. The girl has fallen so completely

under her thraldom that she has come to regard her almost in the
light of a mother. It speaks well for her heart, but ill for your
judgment. I can quite understand the power over her gained by a
woman who attended her in her childish ailments, who dressed her
dolls, and put her hair in curlpapers. But although we must admire
the quality of Winefred's heart in clinging to this individual, one can
do no other than lament that the attachment has been so close
between persons so different in rank. Contact, and that so intimate,
with one of an inferior quality has had a deteriorating effect. It has
imparted a rustical flavour to the speech, mind, and manner of your
child. Young characters are given shape and bias at an early age,
and from their associates. Pardon my asking such a question, but
have you married again?'
 'No.'

Mr. Holwood put his eyeglass to his lips, breathed on it, then
produced a silk kerchief and wiped it.

He did not notice, in his nervous distress, how steadily and

searchingly the eye of Sylvana was fixed upon him.

'I can give you an illustration of the manner in which that female
has gained power over the girl. Winefred will not allow the most
trifling remark to be made in disparagement of her. She has even
taken me to task, and has threatened to leave should I let slip a
word to her disadvantage.'

'Ah! yes.'

'When she refers to that individual, she has spoken of her on more
than one occasion as her mother. This is reprehensible, and a
practice that must be abandoned.'

'Oh! yes—yes!'

'This, doubtless, commends itself to you in the same light as to

me.'

'Oh! certainly.'

Drops stood on his brow and lip. He employed the kerchief to wipe
his face.

Then, with a quiver in his voice, 'Perhaps you would not mind
speaking to her on the matter.'
 'I have spoken; it is, excuse my plain speech, your duty to back
me up. I see clearly that if she be allowed to fall under the influence
of this female, it will undo all the advantage she has derived from a
residence in my house. If you will pardon the liberty I take, I would
advise you to dismiss this personage, to send her to her friends—
with a pension perhaps.'

'She has a liberal allowance.'

'Quite so, but let her live on this allowance at a distance, and on
the understanding that it will be withdrawn should she attempt to
renew her relations with Winefred.'

'I—think—I am sure, I cannot do this.'

'Then suffer me to take the negotiation out of your hands; it will

doubtless come better from me. Empower me to write and place the
matter before her in a clear light, inform her that she must never
see Winefred again. It will be solely by dissociating your child from
vulgar persons that the little peculiarities in her dialect and the
provincial mannerism, I note, can be effaced. You agree with me?'

'I—I——'

'You see the necessity.'

'Yes, oh, assuredly!'

'Hist! Here she comes. I accept the responsibility. Not a word

before her.'

When Mr. Holwood was gone with his daughter, Sylvana fixed her
pebbly eyes on her mother, and said, 'There is something wrong
about that woman.'

'About what woman?'

'The Marley.'

'My dear, I know there is; she is vulgar.'

'I do not mean that. There is a mystery attached to her. Have you
not observed how uneasy Winefred becomes when you speak of
her?'

'She will not suffer me to speak of her at all.'

'And with Mr. Holwood it is the more conspicuous. When you were
making inquiries about her, or passing remarks upon her, he turned
hot and cold, and his lips and brow positively cried. He was thrown
into a condition of abject embarrassment. I am really surprised,
mother, that you did not see it. But then you see nothing which is
not to your advantage, or to the glory of the Tomkin-Joneses. I saw
through the man at once.'

'My dear, there is nothing to be seen in him save the perfect

gentleman. Naturally he was distressed. I should take to my bed and
never raise my head again if I knew that one of my daughters
mispronounced her vowels or misplaced her prepositions.'

'It was not that that troubled and alarmed him.'

'What else can you mean?'

'There is some mystery concerning his relation with the Marley.'

 'Sylvana, I will not listen to a word that savours of impropriety.
Besides, I receive five guineas a week for Winefred.'

'Quite so, and for the sake of five guineas you shut your eyes.'

'Sylvana—you forget the respect due to me.'

'Your forget the respect due to yourself and to us, and to the
name of Tomkin-Jones, of which you think more than you do of
Jesse and me. I say you forget that when you harbour in your house
a person whose antecedents are equivocal.'

'Equivocal! Goodness preserve me! I am known in Bath to be the

very Pink of Propriety.'

'You run the chance of becoming only the Picotee of Propriety—

that I take to be a dappled pink—if you take under your patronage a
girl of whom you know nothing, and who may turn out to be——'

'My dear, not a word. All will be right if we can cut off this woman.
I do not allow what you suspect; but I can quite see that there is
mischief in that woman, and that we must draw a line between her
and Winefred that shall absolutely sever them for ever, in the
interests of Morality.'
 CHAPTER XXXV
THE YOUNG MAN FROM BEER

T o Mr. Holwood it afforded pleasure to be able to walk in

Pulteney Street with a fresh, pretty daughter on his arm.

For the first time for many years the old buck held up his head
and strutted proudly. He had the handle of his rattan to his mouth.
His white beaver hat sat jauntily on his head, a little on one side,
and his gold-framed glass was in his eye.

He thoroughly enjoyed the looks of admiration wherewith his

daughter was greeted. Well dressed she now was. Her costume was
no longer of country make; but what man gives a thought to the
dress when the frame it encloses is graceful and the face within the
bonnet is charming?

Mr. Holwood saluted with consequence when an acquaintance

passed in a carriage, as one who was conferring the favour of
recognition in place of receiving it. An occasional walker caught his
eye and bowed, then, seeing the young lady on his arm, drew to
him and asked, 'Introduce me, Mr. Holwood.'

The father chuckled with delight, and his frilled shirt-front seemed
to rise like the crest of a turkey-cock.

Winefred and her father had not been gone many minutes from
the house before the house-door bell was again rung, this time with
no accompanying rap.
 The maid soon after came to announce that a young man from
near Axmouth was below, waiting, and had brought a hamper for
Mrs. Tomkin-Jones from Mrs. Jose of Bindon.

'We cannot receive him in the drawing-room,' said the widow.

'Jane, show him into the dining apartment.' Then to her daughter: 'I
suppose I must give him a shilling. Have you any change, Sylvana?'

'Upstairs, mamma.'

'Well, bring it to me below. I must thank him for his trouble and
inquire after Mrs. Jose, and offer him a glass of ale.'

'Do you think a shilling sufficient remuneration, mamma?'

'Humph! Half-a-crown is a good deal of money. It makes a

sensible hole in a sovereign. We are not supposed to know, my dear,
what the basket contains—possibly only watercress, and for that a
shilling would be ample.' Then to the servant who tarried: 'Jane!'

'Yes, ma'am.'

'What has the young man brought? Did he intimate to you what
was the contents of the hamper?'

'A pair of spring chickens, ma'am.'

'Then, Sylvana, eighteenpence is ample—ample. Bring the silver to

me in the dining-room. I will hold my hand behind my back—or,
stay! No. I have left my pocket-handkerchief above, and whilst
giving me that, slip the change into my hand. Do not be long, as
with this sort of people one does not know what to say.'
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