Module 1.

2 Interpersonal relationships and social inclusiveness

Part 1: Enhancing Family Cohesion

1. With the passage of time and changes such as rapid economic development, greater mobility of
people, and prevalence of the only-child families, big families have been replaced by nuclear families.
Even though family size has changed, one thing that has remained
unchanged is that home is still a safe fortress protecting and caring for us so that we can
thrive. Even if family exists in different forms (such as two-parent, single-parent, two-generation,
three-generation, etc.), it still plays an important role in our lives.

2. However, we should not take happiness for granted. Harmonious family is maintained by the effort
of every family member. Family members need to be sincere, willing to put in concerted effort, willing
to invest time, care, understanding, tolerance and love, as well as share responsibilities in and make
contributions to building and maintaining harmonious relationships and creating a happy family

3. Functions of family:
3.1 Economic function: Family provides its members with daily needs (e.g. food, clothing, housing and
transportation).
3.2 Emotional function: Family members take care of, respect, and support each other so that they
feel cared, accepted, a sense of belonging and a sense of security.
3.3 Entertainment function: Family members participate in activities together, share happenings in
life, which will bring joy to family members and enhance relationships.
3.4 Religious function: Family members participate in ritual activities, marriage ceremonies and
ancestor worship together, which helps to pass on culture, maintain family unity and relationships.
3.5 Reproductive function: Reproduction is one of the main purposes of family, which helps to extend
the family line and expand the family.
3.6 Educational function: Family is the main place to educate children. Children learn values and ways
to get along with others from their parents and elders, which helps personal growth and integration
into social life.
3.7 Protection function: Family provides protection and care for family members to prevent them
from getting hurt. The elders will also be responsible for mediation and coordination to maintain the
stability of the entire family and even the clan.
3.8 Social function: Parents will guide children to understand social traditions, norms, customs,
etiquette and other knowledge, establish their own identity and status, and gradually achieve social
expectations and requirements.

4. The following are areas in which young people tend to have conflicts with their families.

Area • Example
4.1 Social life • Such as the time to go home, making friends, activities to join, etc.
4.2 School life• Such as academic performance, learning attitude, behaviors in school, goals for
further studies, etc.
4.3 Life attitude• Such as housework sharing, use of pocket money, use of mobile phone, clothing
styles, etc.
4.4 Family relationships • Such as parenting styles, sibling relationships, etc.
4.5 Values • Such as honesty, responsibility, courtesy, law-abiding, etc.

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5. The following are common causes of family conflicts.
5.1 Communication failure
Family conflicts mostly begin with miscommunication and misexpression. Teenagers are prone to
impulsiveness, and it is difficult to maintain a calm attitude, which tends to heat up the crisis. On the
other hand, parents believe that what they say are all out of love and care, and young people should
accept it. However, misunderstanding of each other's messages may occur in the communication
process. When many conflicts occur, both sides respond with bad and improper attitudes.
Inappropriate handling of conflicts may lead to greater crises.

5.2 Family status expectations

Some older family members think that they are the authority in the family, and younger generations
who lack life experience should obey and respect them. On the other hand, some young people think
that they have grown up and hope to be independent, and they also expect their family members to
treat them eqaully as adults. Therefore, when older family members ask them to follow their
instructions in doing things or getting along with others, or criticize them, young people tend to feel
being restricted from doing what they want and they are not being respected. As a result, they will
challenge the authority of these older family menbers, and family conflicts hence arise.

5.3 Differences in standards and behaviour expectations

Older members of family (especially parents) often differ from teenagers in their readiness to accept
and adapt to new things. While teenagers generally prefer new things and like following new trends
(such as trendy clothing and gadgets, thoughts, language and ways of doing things, communication
styles, etc.), parents or relatives may not be able to accept those new trends. Teenagers feel that their
parents are conservative and outdated, and exercise too much control over them. However, parents
think that their children do not have the ability to distinguish between right and wrong, good and bad,
and they will be easily led astray. As a result, they think they must provide guidance to their children.

Different values
The older members of family have more life experiences than teenagers, and their views on things are
more realistic and pragmatic. They think that young people are more idealistic and sometimes they
just do not realize how blessed they are and often make senseless complaints and show discontent.
On the contrary, in the eyes of young people, the traditional and conservative thinking and values of
older members are incompatible with the present generation. Due to differences in thoughts and
values between each other, family conflicts tend to arise.

Sharing of responsibility
As a member of the family, each member should take up different roles and responsibilities. Most
parents think that as they are earning the living for the family, their children should not only study
hard, but also share housework. If their children fail to meet their expectations, or their children think
their parents do not understand themselves, it is easy to cause conflicts.

6. Family cohesion refers to the degree to which family members feel stable and close to each other,
and the main component is love. Enhancing family cohesion can increase
the sense of connection, intimacy, and happiness between family members.

7. Responsibilities refer to duties, tasks and missions undertaken by individuals. Family roles are as
follows: Breadwinner, Carer, The person being cared for, Emotional support person,
Houseworker, Teacher, Learner, Entertainer and Others.

8. In a family, members should not only know their own roles and assume their own responsibilities,
but also care for, support, appreciate, share with, and be considerate and be tolerant of each other;
be grateful for each other’s contributions to the family; and be willing to contribute to the family.

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9. Communication refers to the exchange (including sending and receiving) of information, facts, and
attitudes through speech, text or body language between two or more people.One-way
communication means that only the speaker expresses, and the receiver does not care what the other
says or does not respond. Two-way communication means that both parties listen to and express
opinions and respond appropriately to each other.

10. Positive communication refers to two-way and quality communication. The speaker
and the receiver actively participate in the communication process. We can learn how to promote
positive communication through the Five-Taste Model of Positive Communication, which includes joy,
gratitude, listening, flow and savouring. Family members use the Five-Taste Model of Positive
Communication to listen attentively, cultivate empathy, appreciate each other, learn to be grateful,
and use a positive and active attitude to maintaining two-way communication, build mutual trust, and
enhance family cohesion.

11. Principles of resolving family conflicts

In the face of family conflicts, some people may become irrational or think only about their own
reputation and start to accuse their family members using inappropriate language or attitudes. Their
family members may feel offended and refuse to communicate, which may even intensify the
conflicts.

1. Focus on the matter, not on the person: Focus on the incident or problem, do not accuse the other
party, and do not make personal attacks.
2. Be gentle: Handle own emotions first, do not use an angry or complaining tone, and
use a gentle attitude to communicate with others.
3. Respond with empathy: Put yourself in other people's shoes to understand their positions,
thoughts and feelings.
4. Uses words but not fists: Do not use violence to solve problems.
5. Enhance understanding: Clarify misunderstandings and resolve grievances as early as
possible.
6. Listen patiently: Let the other party finish talking before responding.
7. Positive response: Use positive ways of speaking more often.
8. Seek assistance: If the problem cannot be solved, seek advice from someone trusted by both
parties.

12. The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI) established by American scholars Kenneth
W. Thomas and Ralph H. Kilmann divides the conflict resolution strategy into Competition (I win you
lose), Collaboration (win-win), Compromise (win and lose), Avoidance (lose-lose), and
Accommodation (I lose you win). Collaboration is high in assertiveness and cooperativeness.

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Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Which of the following is a function of family according to the passage?
a) Providing entertainment
b) Ensuring individual independence
c) Educating children
d) Promoting competition

2. What is a common cause of family conflicts as mentioned in the passage?

a) Overabundance of communication
b) Lack of values in family members
c) Misunderstandings and miscommunication
d) Excessive sharing of responsibilities

3. According to the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument, which strategy aims for a win-win
outcome?
a) Competition
b) Collaboration
c) Compromise
d) Avoidance

4. What is the main component of family cohesion as described in the passage?

a) Communication
b) Respect
c) Love
d) Financial stability

5. Which area is NOT mentioned as a common point of conflict between young people and their
families?
a) Social life
b) School life
c) Life attitude
d) Career choices

6. What is the primary purpose of reproduction in a family according to the passage?

a) To expand the family line
b) To maintain social status
c) To fulfill entertainment needs
d) To increase economic function

7. Which function involves passing on culture and maintaining family unity?

a) Economic function
b) Emotional function
c) Religious function
d) Reproductive function

8. According to the passage, what is a key element in maintaining a harmonious family?

a) Material possessions
b) Individual achievements
c) Effort from every family member
d) Strict discipline

9. Which function involves guiding children to understand social traditions and norms?
a) Educational function
b) Protection function
c) Social function
d) Entertainment function

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10. Which principle of resolving family conflicts emphasizes empathy and understanding?
a) Focus on the matter, not on the person
b) Be gentle
c) Respond with empathy
d) Uses words but not fists

Blank-Filling Exercises:
Family cohesion refers to the degree to which family members feel __________ and close to each
other.
Responsibilities refer to duties, tasks and missions undertaken by __________.
The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument divides conflict resolution strategies into Competition,
Collaboration, Compromise, Avoidance, and __________.
Positive communication involves using the Five-Taste Model, including joy, gratitude, listening, flow,
and __________.
Parents often guide children to understand social traditions and norms through the __________
function.

True/False Questions:
Family conflicts mostly start with proper communication. (True/False)
Reproduction is not considered a significant function of family according to the passage. (True/False)
Collaboration is characterized by a win-lose outcome according to the TKI. (True/False)
Family cohesion is primarily based on financial stability. (True/False)
Responsibility in a family does not extend beyond financial contributions. (True/False)

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Multiple Choice Questions:
Which of the following is a function of family according to the passage?
c) Educating children
What is a common cause of family conflicts as mentioned in the passage?
c) Misunderstandings and miscommunication
According to the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument, which strategy aims for a win-win
outcome?
b) Collaboration
What is the main component of family cohesion as described in the passage?
a) Communication
Which area is NOT mentioned as a common point of conflict between young people and their
families?
d) Career choices
What is the primary purpose of reproduction in a family according to the passage?
a) To expand the family line
Which function involves passing on culture and maintaining family unity?
c) Religious function
According to the passage, what is a key element in maintaining a harmonious family?
c) Effort from every family member
Which function involves guiding children to understand social traditions and norms?
a) Educational function
Which principle of resolving family conflicts emphasizes empathy and understanding?
c) Respond with empathy

Blank-Filling Exercises:
Family cohesion refers to the degree to which family members feel connected and close to each
other.
Responsibilities refer to duties, tasks, and missions undertaken by family members.
The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument divides conflict resolution strategies into Competition,
Collaboration, Compromise, Avoidance, and Accommodation.
Positive communication involves using the Five-Taste Model, including joy, gratitude, listening, flow,
and savoring.
Parents often guide children to understand social traditions and norms through the educational
function.

True/False Questions:
Family conflicts mostly start with proper communication. (False)
Reproduction is not considered a significant function of family according to the passage. (False)
Collaboration is characterized by a win-lose outcome according to the TKI. (False)
Family cohesion is primarily based on financial stability. (False)
Responsibility in a family does not extend beyond financial contributions. (False)

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Part 2: Friendship

1. Friendship grows from knowing and understanding each other. Friendships should not be
categorised by ages, backgrounds or nationalities, and like-minded people can become friends. It is
normal for us to have friends with different levels of intimacy. How to change from an acquaintance
to a close friend is a lesson we must learn. The quality of friendship should be more important than
how many friends we have. Instead of having a bunch of nodding acquaintances, it is better to have a
few intimate friends.

2. . Starting from the age of 12, young people learn to deal with their own behaviours and
interpersonal relationships, so they should learn how to build true friendships with others. As we
grow up and our social circle expands, we gradually have our own space for developing friendship,
while respecting that our friends develop friendship with other people. While we cooperate with
other people, we maintain personal autonomy, maintaining a proper balance between the two and
forming “autonomous interdependence”.

3. Stage theory of friendship development:

3.1 1st stage (Age 3-6) Momentary physical interaction, e.g. He is my friend because we both have long
hair.
3.2 2nd stage (Age 5-9) One-way assistance, e.g. He is my good friend because he lent me a bicycle.
3.3 3rd stage (Age 7-12) Fair-weather co-operation, e.g. He helps me makes cakes, and I help him build
models.
3.4 4th stage (Age 10-15) Intimate and mutual sharing, e.g. He is my friend, and we share common
interests.
3.5 5th stage (Age 12-Adolescence) Autonomous interdependence, e.g. He rejected me. There must be
his reason.

4. The functions of friendship

Friendship in adolescence is particularly important to personal development. Different types of
friends have their own functions. Psychologists Mendelson and Aboud proposed six functions of
friendship, including stimulating companionship, help, intimacy, reliable alliance, self-validation, and
emotional security.

5. The importance of friends

The need to establish and maintain friendly and intimate relationships with others is called ‘need for
affiliation’.

5.1. Understand oneself

• Through getting along with friends, deepen your understanding of yourself, such as
strengths and weaknesses, preferences, abilities, etc.
5.2. Improve self-esteem and confidence
• The support and encouragement of friends can help increase the sense of security,
self-esteem and self-confidence.
5.3. Build a sense of belonging
• Meet like-minded friends, get the attention and recognition of others, become part
of the group, and build a sense of belonging.
5.4. Develop social skills
• In the process of interacting with friends, learn to respect and accept others, use
empathy and think, observe and judge from the other's perspective, cultivate social
and communication skills, and establish good interpersonal relationships and social
skills.
5.5. Broaden horizons
• When talking and sharing with friends, draw different opinions, learn to think from
different angles, and broaden horizons.

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6. In 1992, Robin Dunbar suggested that the number of friends a person has in his/her life time is
limited, and friends can be grouped according to the different levels of closeness and interpersonal
interactions. Dunbar pointed out that because of the limitation of the human brain, wemcan only
know, trust and rely on 150 friends, which is called Dunbar’s Number or Rule of 150. According to the
degree of intimacy, six types of friends can be identified,
including “loved ones”, “good friends”, “friends”, “meaningful contacts”, “acquaintances” and
“people you can recognise”.

7. The following are five ways to maintain friendship.

7.1 Contact regularly: •Friendship needs to be nurtured in order to thrive. Contact your friend
regularly to learn about each other's latest situation and development, which can build intimacy in
the relationship.
7.2 Provide assistance: When a friend is in need, take the initiative to offer assistance or emotional
support to strengthen the friendship.
7.3 Create common fond memories: Organize more activities to nurture social connection and create
good memories for everyone.
7.4 Stay positive: When friendship becomes stagnant or even starts to fade, we should stay positive
and take the initiative to connect with our friend and then wait patiently for our friend’s response.
7.5 Be tolerant of each other: If we have a conflict with a friend, we should remain clam and rational,
discuss frankly, and stay open to each other’s viewpoints, In this way, we will understand each other
better and develop a closer relationship.

8. The following are five behaviours that endanger friendship.

8.1 Jealous behaviours: Jealous that friends are better than oneself and produce the desire to harm,
like belittling friends' achievements, or even making ridiculous or derogatory remarks on friends.
8.2 Behaviours that hurt the feelings of friends: Often make fun of friends, criticise them, or even
tease and slander them, which will hurt the friends' feelings and also destroy mutual
trust.
8.3 Behaviours that focus only on benefits: Mutual help between friends focus only on rewards and
benefits, which is not a healthy sign of friendship and will harm the relationship.
8.4 Behaviours that put friends down: Often cancel plans at the last minute, and even treat friends as
"back-up friends" to fill their time slots, which will gradually drain the patience of friends.
8.5 Self-centered behaviours: •Strongly insist on own opinions in everything, ask friends to
accommodate their thoughts, and complain or even blame friends when encountering something
which is not as one wishes.

9. The importance of friendship to young people is unquestionable, and the influence of peers is also
profound. Because teenagers value friendship, it is inevitable that they will be influenced by friends in
the process of getting together with them. This kind of influence exerted by peers is called peer
pressure. Peer pressure stems from young people’s desire to gain acceptance and recognition from
others, and their fear of being excluded, neglected, repelled or teased.

10. Conformity is a type of social influence involving individuals who choose to follow the
opinions, judgments, or values of the majority under group pressure in an attempt to resolve conflicts
in exchange for a sense of security. Excessive conformity will make young people resolutely abandon
their own ideas, choose to follow others, do things against their will, and as a result, lose themselves
and make themselves confused. If illegal behaviours are involved, there will be legal consequences
which will bring negative impacts to one’s future. Therefore, young people must learn to uphold
principles and balance the needs of individuals and groups with caution. One has to choose between
“responsibility”, “integrity” and “emotion”.

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11. During adolescence, we value how our peers think about us.
Positive impacts:
 Become a drive to push oneself to progress
 Become a role model for others and dare to make new attempts
 Form a social circle to provide emotional support and promote positive thinking

Negative impacts:
 Lose oneself and give up personal position
 Engage in inappropriate behavious in fear of being isolated or rejected
 Influence correct judgment as one tends to modify own choices to fit in preferences of peers

12. How to deal with peer pressure

12.1. Resolutely refuse with reasons
For example: “I will not join you, because it is wrong.”
For example: “I will not join you because my mother will scold me.”

12.2. Divert attention/ Make excuses

For example: “Because I need to make dinner before my parents come home, I cannot go out with
you at night.”

12.3. Self-mock
For example: “Everyone knows that I am shy. Meeting with you and netizens will only spoil the
atmosphere.”

12.4. Leave the scene

For example: “Sorry, I need to go to the bathroom now!”

12.5. Point out adverse effects to friends

For example: “If we are arrested, our own future will be destroyed.”

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Multiple Choice Questions:
1. According to the passage, what is emphasized as more important than the quantity of friends?
a) The quality of friendship
b) Having friends from diverse backgrounds
c) Increasing the number of acquaintances
d) Building friendships based on age and nationality

2. At what age do young people start learning how to build true friendships with others?
a) 12
b) 7
c) 15
d) 18

3. According to the stage theory of friendship development, what characterizes the 4th stage (Age 10-
15)?
a) Momentary physical interaction
b) One-way assistance
c) Fair-weather cooperation
d) Intimate and mutual sharing

4.What did Robin Dunbar suggest in 1992 regarding the number of friends a person can have?
a) There is no limit to the number of friends one can have
b) A person can only have 100 friends in a lifetime
c) Human brains can only know, trust, and rely on 150 friends
d) The number of friends a person can have depends on their social skills

5. Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the ways to maintain a friendship?
a) Creating common fond memories
b) Providing assistance
c) Being tolerant of each other
d) Avoiding contact regularly

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Fill in the Blanks:
The need to establish and maintain friendly and intimate relationships with others is called the
‘______________________’.
Psychologists Mendelson and Aboud proposed six functions of friendship, including stimulating
______________________, help, intimacy, reliable alliance, self-validation, and emotional security.
Friendship in adolescence is particularly important to ______________________.
During ______________________, we value how our peers think about us.
______________________ is a type of social influence involving individuals who choose to follow the
opinions, judgments, or values of the majority under group pressure in an attempt to resolve conflicts
in exchange for a sense of security.

True/False Questions:
Friendship should be categorized by ages, backgrounds, and nationalities.
According to the stage theory of friendship development, the 1st stage involves fair-weather
cooperation.
Robin Dunbar suggested that humans can only know, trust, and rely on 150 friends due to limitations
of the human brain.
Jealous behaviors and self-centered behaviors are healthy signs of friendship.
Peer pressure stems from young people’s desire to be excluded and neglected by others.

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Multiple Choice Questions:
Answer: a) The quality of friendship
Answer: a) 12
Answer: d) Intimate and mutual sharing
Answer: c) Human brains can only know, trust, and rely on 150 friends
Answer: d) Avoiding contact regularly

Fill in the Blanks:

The need to establish and maintain friendly and intimate relationships with others is called the ‘need
for affiliation’.
Psychologists Mendelson and Aboud proposed six functions of friendship, including stimulating
companionship, help, intimacy, reliable alliance, self-validation, and emotional security.
Friendship in adolescence is particularly important to personal development.
During adolescence, we value how our peers think about us.
Conformity is a type of social influence involving individuals who choose to follow the opinions,
judgments, or values of the majority under group pressure in an attempt to resolve conflicts in
exchange for a sense of security.

True/False Questions:
False
False
True
False
False

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Part 3: Diversity and Inclusiveness

1. The purpose of a pluralistic and inclusive society is to create a stable and harmonious society for
everyone with a driving force for progress. Everyone can get fair treatment, have access to the
resources and opportunities required, utilize their strengths, and make contributions to society, which
is like what Confucius said, “the world of great harmony”. The important key lies in our mentality

2. Hong Kong is a meeting place where exchanges between the Chinese and other cultures take place.
Therefore, we often encounter people of different nationalities and cultures, including foreign
students who come to Hong Kong to study in local secondary schools and universities. We may be
different in terms of gender, hair colour, clothes, nationality, interest, religion and strengths.

3. According to the definition from the United Nations, the goal of social inclusion is to create a more
stable, comfortable, and just society for all. If members of the community can respect, accept, and
tolerate people of different backgrounds and needs, everyone can be cared and treated fairly, enjoy
rights and bear responsibilities, and contribute to society through equal opportunities of participation
and making use of their talents.

4. “Diversity” means the gathering of people of different backgrounds; and “inclusiveness” means that
everyone has the right to participate in society and enjoy the fun of life in society, regardless of their
abilities and backgrounds.
4.1 Learning about diversity and inclusiveness: Cultivate the proper attitudes of tolerance,
acceptance, respect, appreciation and fair treatment of people of different backgrounds.
4.2 Putting diversity and inclusiveness into practice: Understand the backgrounds and needs of
different people, put yourself into others' shoes, show empathy, avoid misunderstandings and
conflicts, and refrain from commiting any discriminatory behaviours.
4.3 Bringing positive benefits to individuals and society: People of different backgrounds have their
own strengths and different needs. When everyone contributes to society and care for people in
need, there will be mutual caring, social harmony and opportunites for everyone to utilize their
strengths, which will be a driving force for advancement of society.

5. Five elements of diversity and inclusiveness:

Appreciate: More appreciation, praise and thanks to people of different backgrounds for their
contributions to society.
Respect: Understanding and accepting the differences or opinions of others, and not making personal
attacks based on differences.
Include: Be considerate and tolerant of others’ shortcomings or limitations, and have a sincere
attitude.
Accept: Accept the differences and limitations of others, and maintain a tolerant heart
Treat each other fairly: Everyone can get equal treatment, opportunities and resources.

6. The Equal Opportunities Commission is one of the major organisations that aim at ensuring that
people of different backgrounds are not discriminated against.
6.1 Chapter 480 Sex Discrimination Ordinance
According to the Ordinance, the following situations are rendered unlawful:
 discrimination on the ground of someone’s sex;
 discrimination on the ground of someone’s marital status;
 discrimination against pregnant women; and
 sexual harassment against others.
This Ordinance binds both men and women.

6.2 Chapter 487 Disability Discrimination Ordinance

This Ordinance protects the disabled from being treated badly or unfairly because of their disability.
Those who do so will break the law.

6.3 Chapter 602 Race Discrimination Ordinance

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According to the Ordinance, it is unlawful to discriminate against, harass and slander a person on the
ground of someone’s race.

6.4 Chapter 527 Family Status Discrimination Ordinance

According to the Ordinance, it is unlawful to discriminate against persons on the ground of family
status.

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1. What is the main goal of a pluralistic and inclusive society?
a) Creating a stable and harmonious society for everyone
b) Excluding certain groups for the betterment of others
c) Promoting individualism over community values
d) Limiting access to resources and opportunities

2. Hong Kong is described as a meeting place for exchanges between which groups?
a) Chinese and Japanese cultures
b) Chinese and Western cultures
c) Chinese and Indian cultures
d) Chinese and African cultures

3. According to the United Nations, what is the aim of social inclusion?

a) Creating a society with unequal opportunities
b) Fostering discrimination and intolerance
c) Establishing a more stable, comfortable, and just society for all
d) Limiting contributions to society based on background

4. What does "diversity" refer to in the context of inclusiveness?

a) Gathering of people with similar backgrounds
b) Exclusion of people based on their abilities
c) Gathering of people of different backgrounds
d) Limiting participation in society

5. Which organization aims to ensure that people of different backgrounds are not discriminated
against?
a) United Nations
b) Equal Opportunities Commission
c) World Health Organization
d) International Monetary Fund

6.1 Which situations are rendered unlawful under the Sex Discrimination Ordinance?

a) Discrimination based on marital status

b) Discrimination based on race
c) Discrimination based on religion
d) Discrimination based on educational background

6.2 What does the Disability Discrimination Ordinance aim to protect against?

a) Discrimination based on age

b) Discrimination based on disability
c) Discrimination based on nationality
d) Discrimination based on income level

6.3 According to the Race Discrimination Ordinance, what is considered unlawful?

a) Discrimination based on gender

b) Discrimination based on race
c) Discrimination based on social class
d) Discrimination based on political views

6.4 What is the focus of the Family Status Discrimination Ordinance?

a) Discrimination based on family background

b) Discrimination based on educational qualifications
c) Discrimination based on occupation

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d) Discrimination based on family status
Fill in the Blanks:
The important key lies in our _______________________.
We may be different in terms of gender, hair colour, clothes, nationality, interest,
_______________________ and strengths.
If members of the community can respect, accept, and _______________________ people of
different backgrounds and needs.
"_______________________" means the gathering of people of different backgrounds; and
"inclusiveness" means that everyone has the right to participate in society and enjoy the fun of life in
society, regardless of their abilities and backgrounds.
Understanding and accepting the differences or opinions of others, and not making
_______________________ based on differences.

True/False Questions:
A pluralistic and inclusive society aims to create a stable and harmonious society for everyone.
Hong Kong is a place where exchanges between Chinese and European cultures take place.
Social inclusion aims to create a society where only certain individuals have access to resources and
opportunities.
The Equal Opportunities Commission focuses on promoting discrimination against people of different
backgrounds.
The Family Status Discrimination Ordinance prohibits discrimination based on family status.

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Multiple Choice Questions:
What is the main goal of a pluralistic and inclusive society?
Answer: a) Creating a stable and harmonious society for everyone
Hong Kong is described as a meeting place for exchanges between which groups?
Answer: b) Chinese and Western cultures
According to the United Nations, what is the aim of social inclusion?
Answer: c) Establishing a more stable, comfortable, and just society for all
What does "diversity" refer to in the context of inclusiveness?
Answer: c) Gathering of people of different backgrounds
Which organization aims to ensure that people of different backgrounds are not discriminated
against?
Answer: b) Equal Opportunities Commission
6.1 Which situations are rendered unlawful under the Sex Discrimination Ordinance?

Answer: a) Discrimination based on marital status

6.2 What does the Disability Discrimination Ordinance aim to protect against?

Answer: b) Discrimination based on disability

6.3 According to the Race Discrimination Ordinance, what is considered unlawful?

Answer: b) Discrimination based on race

6.4 What is the focus of the Family Status Discrimination Ordinance?

Answer: d) Discrimination based on family status

Fill in the Blanks:
The important key lies in our mentality.
We may be different in terms of gender, hair colour, clothes, nationality, interest, religion and
strengths.
If members of the community can respect, accept, and tolerate people of different backgrounds and
needs.
"Diversity" means the gathering of people of different backgrounds; and "inclusiveness" means that
everyone has the right to participate in society and enjoy the fun of life in society, regardless of their
abilities and backgrounds.
Understanding and accepting the differences or opinions of others, and not making personal attacks
based on differences.

True/False Questions:
A pluralistic and inclusive society aims to create a stable and harmonious society for everyone. (True)
Hong Kong is a place where exchanges between Chinese and European cultures take place. (False)
Social inclusion aims to create a society where only certain individuals have access to resources and
opportunities. (False)
The Equal Opportunities Commission focuses on promoting discrimination against people of different
backgrounds. (False)
The Family Status Discrimination Ordinance prohibits discrimination based on family status. (True)

17
2005 CE

18
2007 CE

19
2009 CE

20
21