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14 Compression Member

Chapter 6 discusses compression members, which are structural elements subjected to compressive forces. It classifies columns into short, intermediate, and long types based on their failure modes and introduces concepts such as effective length and slenderness ratio, which influence buckling behavior. The chapter also outlines a design procedure for axially loaded compression members, including calculations for design stress and load-carrying capacity.

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2 views

14 Compression Member

Chapter 6 discusses compression members, which are structural elements subjected to compressive forces. It classifies columns into short, intermediate, and long types based on their failure modes and introduces concepts such as effective length and slenderness ratio, which influence buckling behavior. The chapter also outlines a design procedure for axially loaded compression members, including calculations for design stress and load-carrying capacity.

Uploaded by

Mr Rocky
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 6

COMPRESSION MEMBER

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INTRODUCTION
 A compression member is a structural member which is straight and subjected
to two equal and opposite compressive forces applied at its ends.
 An ideal compression member is one which is perfectly straight, no
imperfections; and the loads are applied uniformly across it, with the centre of
gravity of loads coinciding with centre of gravity of the member. Such a
compression member will be a truly axially loaded member.
 Compression members are actually more critical than tension members,
because if even slightly bent compression member is placed in structure it may
have significant bending moment (equal to the column load times the initial
lateral deflection) whereas a tension member will try to straighten out.

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CLASSIFICATION OF COLUMN
SHORT  usually fail by crushing or yielding.
 column shortens in the direction of applied force
 shortening of the column continues until the column
squashes
INTERMEDIATE  fail by inelastic buckling (yielding and buckling)
 Failure occurs after the extreme fibers have reached
the yield point and the others remain elastic.
LONG  fail by elastic buckling
 At the point of failure, the stress in a long column
will not exceed the proportional limit

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Effective length
 The distance between the two points of contraflexure in longitudinal
distance.
 Can be calculated from the actual length of column by applying a factor
that depends upon the end conditions of column provided (Table 11 of
IS 800:2007)

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Slenderness ratio
 The longer a compression member becomes for the same
cross section, the greater becomes its tendency to buckle and
the smaller becomes the load it will support.
 The tendency of a member to buckle is usually measured by
its slenderness ratio
 The slenderness ratio of a member is the ratio of the effective
length to the appropriate radius of gyration

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BUCKLING
 A long column subjected to direct load
deflects in lateral direction, is known as
buckling
 The maximum limiting load at which the
column tends to have lateral displacement or
tends to buckle is called buckling or
crippling load.
 Buckling takes place about the axis having
minimum radius of gyration or least moment of
inertia.
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Design of axially loaded compression member
1. Assume value of design stress fcd:
 For rolled steel beam sections the slenderness ratio = 70 to 90; fcd =
135 N/mm2.
 For angle struts, slenderness ratio = 100 to 130; fcd = 90 N/mm2
 For compression members carrying large loads; fcd = 150-200 N/mm2
2. Calculate the design compressive stress fcd using above slenderness ratio
and buckling class of required section
3. Calculate the gross sectional area of the member using Ag=Factored
load/design compressive stress
4. Take a trial section having area greater than Ag
5. Calculate effective length of column as per given boundary conditions
6. Calculate actual slenderness ratio
7. Compare with permissible ratio table 3
8. Calculate actual design compressive stress by using actual slenderness ratio
and buckling class of section
9. Calculate design capacity of section using Pd = A x fcd > factored load
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1) Determine the load carrying capacity of a
single discontinuous angle 80 x 80 x 6 mm
which is used as a compression member in a
roof truss if it connected to a gusset plate by
2 bolts. The centre to centre distance
between the end connection is 2 m.

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Correction in IS 800:2007
Clause 7.5.1.2 Loaded through one leg
Page 48

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2) Design of compression member to carry a
compression load (factored) of 150 kN. The centre
to centre distance between the end connection is
3 m and used M16 bolts of 4.6 class. Design the
connection.

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