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Document (9)

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tsyi234678
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The distribution of population is heavily influenced by climate, with the majority

of people residing in the highland regions due to cooler temperatures and


moderate rainfall, while the arid lowlands are sparsely populated due to extreme
heat and limited precipitation; this is primarily because the higher altitudes
provide a more favorable environment for agriculture and human habitation.

Nithosols,luvisols,and fluvisols have a very good agricultural potential. Because of


that many people want to settle in areas that have these soils.In Ethiopia, soil
fertility significantly influences population distribution, with areas containing
richer, more fertile soil generally having much higher population densities due to
the ability to support larger agricultural production, while regions with poor soil
quality tend to have sparse populations as agricultural yields are significantly
lower, forcing people to migrate to areas with better soil for sustenance.

Relief, particularly factors like slope and altitude, significantly impacts population
distribution, with generally denser populations concentrated in areas with gentler
slopes and lower altitudes due to easier access to resources like water, fertile land,
and transportation, while steeper slopes and high altitudes tend to have sparser
populations due to challenging living conditions.
Economic activities that significantly affect population distribution include:
agriculture (intensive farming, pastoralism), mining, industrial development,
service industries, tourism, and resource extraction, each influencing where
people choose to live based on employment opportunities, resource availability,
and access to markets.

Historically, population movement in Ethiopia has been heavily influenced by


factors like political conflict, famine, and droughts, leading to large-scale internal
displacement and migration, particularly towards the highlands, with the most
significant movement being the “Great Oromo Migrations” where the Oromo
people expanded from the southern plains into central Ethiopia, while also
experiencing significant waves of refugee outflow to neighboring countries during
periods of instability; recent trends show a growing trend of rural-to-urban
migration as well as labor migration overseas, especially to the Middle East and
Southern Africa.

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