3_Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables_OLD_NCERT
3_Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables_OLD_NCERT
EXAMPLE 1. Let us take the example given in Section 3.1. Akhila goes
to a fair with Rs 20 and wants to have rides on the Giant Wheel and play
Hoopla. Represent this situation algebraically and graphically
(geometrically).
EXERCISE 3.1
Q 1. Aftab tells his daughter, “Seven years ago, I was seven times as old
as you were then, Also, three years from now, I shall be three times as
old as you will be.” (Isn’t this interesting?) Represent this situation
algebraically and graphically.
Q 2. The coach of a cricket team buys 3 bats and 6 balls for Rs 3900.
Later, she buys another bat and 2 more balls of the same kind for Rs
1300. Represent this situation algebraically and geometrically.
Exercise 3.2
Exercise 3.2
Q 1. Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and
find solution graphically.
(i) 10 students of Class X took part in a Mathematics quiz. If the
number of girls is 4 more than the number of boys, find the number of
boys and girls who took part in the quiz.
(ii) 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost Rs 50 whereas 7 pencils and
5 pens together cost Rs 46. Find the cost of one pencil and that of one
pen.
a1 b1 c
Q 2. On comparing the ratios , and 1 , find out whether the lines
a 2 b2 c2
representing the following pairs of linear equations intersect at a point,
are parallel or coincident:
(i) 5x − 4y + 8 = 0 (ii) 9x + 3y + 12 = 0
7x + 6y − 9 = 0 18 + 6y + 24 = 0
(iii) 6x − 3y + 10 = 0
2x − y + 9 = 0
a1 b1 c
Q 3. On comparing the ratios , and 1 , find out whether the
a 2 b2 c2
following pair of linear equations are consistent, or inconsistent.
(i) 3x + 2y = 5; 2x −3y = 7
(ii) 2x − 3y = 8; 4x − 6y = 9
3 5
(iii) x + y = 7; 9x − 10y =14
2 3
(iv) 5x − 3y = 11; −10x + 6y = −22
4
(v) x = 2y = 8 ; 2x + 3y = 12
3
Q 4. Which of the following pair of linear equations are
consistent/inconsistent? If consistent, obtain the solution graphically.
(i) x + y = 5, 2x + 2y = 10
(ii) x − y = 8, 3x − 3y = 16
(iii) 2x + y − 6 = 0, 4x − 2y − 4 = 0
(iv) 2x − 2y −2 = 0, 4x − 4y − 5 = 0
Example 10. Let us consider the Example 3 of Section 3.2. Will the rails
cross each other?
EXERCISE 3.3
Q 3. Form the pair of linear equations for the following problems and
find their solution by substitution method.
(i) The difference between two numbers is 26 and one number is
three times the other. Find them.
(ii) The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by
18 degrees. Find them.
(iii) The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for Rs
3800. Later, she buys 3 bats and 5 balls for Rs 1750. Find the cost of
each bat and each ball.
(iv) The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed charge together with
the charge for the distance covered. For a distance of 10 km, the charge
paid is Rs 105 and for a journey of 15 km, the charge paid is Rs 155.
What are the fixed charges and the charge per km? How much does a
person have to pay for travelling distance of 25 km?
9
(v) A fraction becomes , if 2 is added to both the numerator and
11
the denominator. If, 3 is added to both the numerator and the
5
denominator it becomes . Find the fraction.
6
(vi) Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his
son. Five years ago, Jacob’s age was seven times that of his son. What
are their present ages?
Example 11. The ratio of incomes of two persons is 9 : 7 and the ratio of
their expenditures is 4 : 3. If each of them manages to save Rs 2000 per
month, find their monthly incomes.
Example 12. Use elimination method to find all possible solutions of the
following pair of linear equations:
2x + 3y = 8 (1)
4x + 6y = 7 (2)
Example 13. The sum of a two-digit number and the number obtained by
reversing the digits is 66. If the digits of the number differ by 2, find the
number. How many such numbers are there?
EXERCISE 3.4
Q 1. Solve the following pair of linear equations by the elimination
method and the substitution method:
(i) x + y = 5 and 2x − 3y = 4 (ii) 3x + 4y = 10 and 2x − 2y =
2
x 2y y
(iii) 3x − 5y − 4 = 0 and 9x = 2y +7 (iv) + = −1 and x − = 3
2 3 3
Example 15. For which values of p does the pair of equations given
below has unique solution?
4x + py + 8 = 0
2x + 2y + 2 = 0
Example 16. For what values of k will the following pair of linear
equations have infinitely many solutions?
kx + 3 y − (k − 3) = 0
12x + ky − k = 0
EXERCISE 3.5
Q 1. Which of the following pairs of linear equation has unique solution,
no solution, or infinitely many solutions. In case there is a unique
solution, find it by using cross multiplication method.
x − 3y − 3 = 0 2x + y = 5
(i) (ii)
3x − 9 y − 2 = 0 3x + 2y = 8
3x − 5 y = 20 x − 3y − 7 = 0
(iii) (iv)
6x − 10 y = 40 3x − 3y − 15 = 0
Q 2. (i) For which values of and does the following pair of linear
equations have and infinite number of solutions?
2x + 3 y = 7
(a − b)x + (a + b)y = 3a + b − 2
(ii) For which value of k will the following pair of linear equations
have no solution?
3x + y = 1
(2k − 1)x + (k − 1)y = 2k + 1
EXERCISE 3.6
EXERCISE 3.7(Optional)
Q 1. The ages of two friends Ani and Biju differ by 3years. Ani’s father
Dhatam is twice as old as Ani and Biju is twice as old as his sister Cathy.
The ages of Cathy and Dharam differ by 30 years. Find the ages fo Ani
and Bijy.