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ST_02_Theory_of_mechanism_mixing_12

The document discusses various mixing processes and technologies, detailing definitions and types of mixtures such as suspensions, solutions, and colloids. It also covers separation techniques like filtration, distillation, and evaporation, as well as fluid mixing mechanisms and equipment used in these processes. Additionally, it highlights powder mixing types and the applications of these techniques in manufacturing, particularly in drug and tablet production.

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heba elkouly
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0 views

ST_02_Theory_of_mechanism_mixing_12

The document discusses various mixing processes and technologies, detailing definitions and types of mixtures such as suspensions, solutions, and colloids. It also covers separation techniques like filtration, distillation, and evaporation, as well as fluid mixing mechanisms and equipment used in these processes. Additionally, it highlights powder mixing types and the applications of these techniques in manufacturing, particularly in drug and tablet production.

Uploaded by

heba elkouly
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

ST_02

Technologies for non-metallic manufacturing


processes

2nd year ITC

Drying technology
Theory of mixing
Mixing can be defined as adding two or more components
together, to obtain a uniform composition and promote
a physical change.

Mixing can be found in the form of:


 Gas-gas mixing (air: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide)
 Solid-solid mixing (Brass: Copper mixed with Zinc))
 Liquid-solid mixing (sugar mixed with water)
 Liquid-gas mixing (Fizzy drinks: water mixed with
carbon dioxide)
 Gas-solid mixing (sandstorm: sand mixed with air)
 Liquid-liquid mixing (Carbonated water mixed with orange
2 juice)
Theory of mixing
To check that a particular patch (two or more components)
is mixing, that depends on:

 The method of examination (X-ray method)


 The number and the location of the samples (uniform
or non-uniform)
 The desired properties of the mixture (electrical
conductivity)

The mixing is said to be ideal when each particle from


the mixed components is located close to one particle
from the another components

3
Types of mixtures
There are three types of mixing:
 Suspension mixture: a mixture of liquid and solid, the
solid does not dissolve in the liquid.

Example: mixing between sand and water

http://www.eschooltoday.com/science/elements-
mixtures-compounds/what-is-a-suspension.html

4
Types of mixtures
There are three types of mixing:
 Solution mixture: one substance is dissolved in another
substance. It contains microscopic particles and
molecules.

Example: Sugar and water mixture

5 https://6dchemistry.wikispaces.com/Mixture+Lab
Types of mixtures
There are three types of mixing:
 Colloid mixture: a mixture between suspension mixture
and solution mixture. Its particles are smaller than
suspension particles and larger than solution particles.

Example: Milk is a colloid


mixture, (fat, calcium, ..)

6
Separation of mixtures
There are many techniques for separation: here are some;
 Filtration method: it is used to separate an insoluble
solid from a liquid (Ex: separate sand from water in water
treatment plants, to remove particles from water)

http://www.eschooltoday.com/science/elements-mixtures-
compounds/what-is-filtration-method-of-separation.html

7
Separation of mixtures
There are many techniques for separation: here are some;
 Distillation method: it is used to separate a liquid from a
solution. (Ex: separate water from salt solution using
condensation)

8 http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zgvc4wx/rev
ision/3?slideshow=2
Separation of mixtures
There are many techniques for separation: here are some;
 Evaporation method: it is used to separate solid from a
liquid solution through heating the solution till the liquid
evaporates (Ex: get salt back from salt water solution)

http://www.eschooltoday.com/science/elements-mixtures-compounds/what-is-
evaporation-method-of-separation.html

9
Fluid mixing and agitation
Fluid mixing: any kind of mixing that contains liquid-liquid
Agitation: the fluid mechanically circulated in a vessel

Fluid mixing mechanisms:

 Bulk transport: a mixer used simple circulations is used


to move a large portion of the material from one location
to another location.
 Turbulent mixing: turbulent flow is the main guide of
mixing, which results from random fluctuations of fluid
velocity.
 Laminar mixing: used to mix dissimilar liquids that have
high viscosity. The shear that is generated stretches the
10
interface between liquids.
Fluid mixing and agitation
Fluid mixing mechanisms:

 Molecular diffusion: it is used for molecular levels. The


guide mechanism is diffusion comes from thermal
movement of molecules.

11
Equipment used in fluid mixing

Impeller: a rotor used to increase pressure and flaw of a fluid


Axial Impeller: the flow is parallel to the shaft, and then up
along the wall of the tank. It is used for bulk motion.

https://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-
Environ/FERMENT/impeller.html
12
Equipment used in fluid mixing

Impeller: a rotor used to increase pressure and flaw of a fluid


Radial Impeller: the liquid is forced in radial directions with
high velocities. It is used for viscous fluids (high shear).

13 https://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-
Environ/FERMENT/impeller.html
Mixing of powder
Powder mixing: dry particles that is found in air can be
assembled to form a mixture of powders
Powder mixing types: powder can be found in free-flowing,
the particles are not stick together or cohesive, the particles
are stick together.
 Random mixture: can be obtained if the particles have the
same size, shape, and density.
 Ordered mixture: can be obtained if the components
adhesive to each other, and particles have same size.
 Interactive mixture: it is obtained when a free-flow powder
is mixed with a cohesive powder, and particles can have
different sizes.
14
Mixing of powder
Powder mixing: dry particles that is found in air can be
assembled to form a mixture of powders

(A) Random mixture (B) Interactive mixture

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_mixture

Applications: it is used for manufacturing of drugs and tablets


15
Mixing of powder (Equipments)
Example: V-shape mixing equipment: two or more powder
components can be mixture together by rotate the V-shaped
metallic part.

 The speed of the rotation


controls the efficiency of
the mixing

http://www.p-wholesale.com/cn-pro/19/738to1/v-
16
type-powder-mixer-vh-661625.html

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