Principles and Theories of Language

Different Approaches to Teaching

Acquisition and Learning: Reading
Reading
Approach
 Phonics Approach – Tries to create an
Find its meaning
What is Approach? association in the child minds between the
“graphemes” and “phonemes” of language.
 It describes the nature of the subject matter  Described as Bottom-Up Approach – Which
to be taught. build towards comprehension through a
 It is a set of correlative assumption based on journey from the smallest elements of the
nature of language teaching and language text.
learning.  Whole Language Approach – Focuses on
 It is axiomatic. comprehension from the outset, with
 It is not practical. children being given continuous texts to read
to build an understanding of vocabulary and
Why Reading is Important in meaning.
Language Acquisition?  Identified as the Top-Down Approach –
Which places less emphasis on the rules and
1. Reading offers a wide range of vocabulary minute of language.
and grammar, it essentially supports and
feed the brain with the correct language Reading Approach Types of Teaching
structure. Learning Activity
2. As learning is facilitated with learning cues,
reading helps the brain to remember these Skimming
language structure as the learner will
connect an image to the world it represents.  It is an activity to read shorter texts to extract
3. Reading improves and develops your accurate detailed information.
communication skills, it helps you learn how  Used to quickly identify the main idea of text.
to use the language creatively.  Done at the speed three to four times faster
4. Reading is important because it is an active than normal reading.
skill which involves referencing, guessing,  This technique is useful when the students
predicting, and etc. are seeking specific information rather that
reading for comprehension.
Reading Approach Brief History  Works well to find dates, names, and places.

 Reading approach or reading method was Scanning

first devise for English Learners in India and
French or German learners in the United  A technique that often used when looking up
States of America. a word in the telephone book or dictionary.
 It has been advocated in England for pupils of  Involves moving eyes quickly down the page
inferior language-learning ability. seeking specific words and phrases.
 Reading approach is like GMT (Grammar,  Also used when the reader first finds a
Translation, Melody), only grammar is resource to determine whether it will answer
necessary for reading comprehension and the questions.
fluency is taught.  The students look for the author’s used of
organizers such as numbers, letters, steps, or
Reading Approach Theory of Language the words, first, second, or next.

Reading approach is a way to start teaching Extensive Reading/Vocabulary Reading

beginning readers.
 A reading longer text, usually for pleasure.
Three Main Theories  It is an approach to language learning,
including foreign language learning, by the
1. Traditional Theory means of a large amount of reading.
2. Cognitive View Research these.

3. Metacognitive View
  It is the free reading of books and other
written materials that is not too difficult nor
too easy.
 Helps the students to motivate them and
enjoy reading and learning independently.

The Role of Extensive Reading in

Language Learning

It can provide comprehensive input.

 It can enhance learner’s general language
competence.
 It increases the student’s exposure to the
language.
 It can increase knowledge of vocabulary.
 It can lead to improvement in writing. Choose two out of nine roles of
 It can motivate learners to read. extensive reading and explain
 It can consolidate previously learned your chosen role elaborately.

language.
 It helps building confidence.
 It encourages the exploitation of textual
redundancy.
 It facilitates the development of prediction
skills.

P.S. Write
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