Scribd
Upload
3 views

01. Technical Drawings Lecture 01

Technical drawing, also known as engineering drawing, is a precise diagram that conveys information about an object's construction and function, utilizing familiar symbols and measurement systems. Various types of technical drawings include three-dimensional, exploded, complete working, and detailed two-dimensional drawings, each serving different purposes in engineering and manufacturing. The document also outlines essential drawing instruments, standards for paper sizes, layout guidelines, and types of scales used in technical drawings.

Uploaded by

Luke Chaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

01. Technical Drawings Lecture 01

Technical drawing, also known as engineering drawing, is a precise diagram that conveys information about an object's construction and function, utilizing familiar symbols and measurement systems. Various types of technical drawings include three-dimensional, exploded, complete working, and detailed two-dimensional drawings, each serving different purposes in engineering and manufacturing. The document also outlines essential drawing instruments, standards for paper sizes, layout guidelines, and types of scales used in technical drawings.

Uploaded by

Luke Chaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Technical drawing:

Also known as an engineering drawing, is a detailed, precise diagram or plan that conveys information
about how an object functions or is constructed. is essential for communicating ideas in industry and
engineering. To make the drawings easier to understand, people use familiar symbols, perspectives, units of
measurement, notation systems, visual styles, and page layout.
Technical drawing software, such as AutoCAD, can help drafters and designers to create precise and
detailed drawings quickly and efficiently. All these requires knowledge of geometry, mathematics, engineering,
and drafting standards.
There are many different types of technical drawings, depending on the purpose and the field of application.
Some of the common types are:

• Three-dimensional drawings: These are drawings that show the object from different angles and
perspectives, giving a realistic impression of its shape and size. Three-dimensional drawings can be
created using various techniques, such as isometric, oblique, perspective, or axonometric projection.

• Exploded three-dimensional drawings: These are drawings that show the object as if it were taken apart,
with the parts separated by a small distance. Exploded drawings are useful for showing how the object is
assembled, what components it consists of, and how they fit together. Exploded drawings can also show
the internal structure and mechanisms of the object.

TECHNICAL DRAWING NOTES Page:1|7


• Complete working drawings: These are drawings that provide all the information needed to manufacture,
construct, or operate the object. Complete working drawings usually consist of several views of the object,
such as front, top, side, and sectional views. Complete working drawings also include dimensions, notes,
specifications, symbols, and other details that describe the object’s features, materials, tolerances, and
functions.

• Detailed two-dimensional drawings: These are drawings that show a single view of the object, with more
details and accuracy than a complete working drawing. Detailed drawings are often used to focus on a
specific part or aspect of the object, such as a complex shape, a surface finish, or a connection. Detailed
drawings can also show the cross-section of the object, revealing its internal structure and dimensions.

TECHNICAL DRAWING NOTES Page:2|7


Some of the drawing instruments that are used in technical drawing are:
• Drawing board: A flat wooden board with a smooth, rigid surface that is suitable for A3 paper.

• Tee-square: A T-shape instrument that is used for drawing all horizontal lines and for setting the paper
on the board.

• Set-square: A triangular instrument that is used for drawing vertical and angled lines. There are two
types of set-squares: 45° and 30°/60°.

TECHNICAL DRAWING NOTES Page:3|7


• Ruler: A 30 cm wooden or plastic instrument that is used for measuring lengths and for dimensioning
scaled drawings.

• Protractor: A semi-circular instrument that is used for measuring angles in degrees.

• French curve: An irregular-shaped instrument that is used to draw different shapes of curves that
cannot be drawn using a compass.

• Drawing set: A pack containing different drawing items like a pair of compasses, divider, etc.

TECHNICAL DRAWING NOTES Page:4|7


• Drawing template: A plastic or wooden board that contains spaces of several shapes or letters that
are used to draw non-dimensional shapes or a variety of font letters.

All drawings have done on the paper, there are different sizes of drawing papers and their layouts are
determined by various standards and conventions, depending on the purpose and the field of application.
Some of the common standards are:
• ISO 216: This is an international standard that defines the A, B, and C series of paper sizes. The A
series is the most widely used for general printing and writing, as well as for technical drawings.

• ANSI/ASME Y14.1: This is an American national standard that defines the engineering and
architectural drawing sizes. The engineering drawing sizes are based on the letter series, which range
from A to E.

TECHNICAL DRAWING NOTES Page:5|7


Layout:
The layout of a drawing paper refers to how the drawing area, margins, title block, and other elements
are arranged on the paper. The layout can vary depending on the type, scale, and orientation of the drawing,
as well as the preferences of the drafter or the client. However, some general guidelines for the layout are:
• The drawing area should be within the margins, which are usually 10 mm on the top and bottom, and
20 mm on the left and right sides of the paper.
• The title block should be placed in the bottom right corner of the paper, and should contain information
such as the name and address of the drafter or the client, the title and description of the drawing, the
scale and units of the drawing, the date and revision number of the drawing, and the signatures and
stamps of the approval authorities.
• The drawing should be oriented either in portrait or landscape mode, depending on the shape and size
of the object being drawn. Portrait mode is preferred for tall and narrow objects, while landscape mode
is preferred for wide and short objects.
• The drawing should be divided into views, such as front, top, side, and sectional views, depending on
the complexity and details of the object being drawn. The views should be aligned and projected
according to the standard projection methods, such as first-angle or third-angle projection.
• The drawing should be annotated with dimensions, notes, symbols, and other details that describe the
features, materials, tolerances, and functions of the object being drawn. The annotations should
follow the standard conventions and formats, such as the ISO or ANSI standards.

The scales:
Are the ratio of the linear dimension of an element of an object as represented in the original drawing
to the actual linear dimension of the same element of the object itself.
The scales in technical drawing are a set of levels or numbers which are used in a particular system
as a measuring or comparing parameter.
The scales are made in a variety of graduation to meet the requirements of many different kinds of
engineering works. The engineering scale adopted for drawing should have a bearing on the degree of accuracy
required of scaled measurements on prepared drawings. Types of scale and their uses are related to the
measurement of different quantities, such as length, weight, temperature, time, etc.

TECHNICAL DRAWING NOTES Page:6|7


Scales can be classified into four main types, based on the level of measurement they provide.
These are:
• Nominal scale: This is the simplest type of scale, which assigns labels or names to different categories or
groups of data. Nominal scale does not imply any order, rank, or quantity among the categories. Nominal
scale is used for identification, classification, or comparison purposes. For example, a nominal scale can
be used to label the colors of different objects, the genders of different people, or the types of different
animals.
• Ordinal scale: This is a type of scale that assigns ranks or orders to different categories or groups of data.
Ordinal scale implies a relative position or sequence among the categories, but does not indicate the
magnitude or distance between them. Ordinal scale is used for preference, satisfaction, or quality
evaluation purposes. For example, an ordinal scale can be used to rank the performance of different
students, the satisfaction of different customers, or the quality of different products.
• Interval scale: This is a type of scale that assigns numerical values to different categories or groups of
data, with equal intervals or differences between them. Interval scale implies a quantitative measurement
of the categories, but does not have a true zero point or origin. Interval scale is used for comparison,
calculation, or analysis purposes. For example, an interval scale can be used to measure the temperature
of different objects, the time of different events, or the IQ of different people.
• Ratio scale: This is the most advanced type of scale, which assigns numerical values to different
categories or groups of data, with equal intervals or differences between them, and a true zero point or
origin. Ratio scale implies a quantitative measurement of the categories, as well as a proportion or ratio
between them. Ratio scale is used for comparison, calculation, or analysis purposes. For example, a ratio
scale can be used to measure the length of different objects, the weight of different substances, or the
speed of different vehicles.

ASSIGNMENT 01:
By using the instruments listed above draw the following:
a) Cycle & Triangle
b) Rectangle & Square
c) Sphere & Cylinder
d) Pyramid & Cone
e) Cube & Hexagonal Prism

TECHNICAL DRAWING NOTES Page:7|7

You might also like