100% found this document useful (15 votes)
409 views16 pages

Microbial Biofilms Omics Biology, Antimicrobials and Clinical Implications - 1st Edition High-Quality Download

The document is a comprehensive overview of the book 'Industrial Applications of Microbial Enzymes', edited by Pankaj Bhatt, which discusses various aspects of microbial enzymes and their industrial applications. It includes chapters on enzyme production, purification, bioremediation, and applications in food industries, agriculture, and medicine. The book aims to provide insights into recent advancements and practical uses of microbial enzymes in various fields.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
100% found this document useful (15 votes)
409 views16 pages

Microbial Biofilms Omics Biology, Antimicrobials and Clinical Implications - 1st Edition High-Quality Download

The document is a comprehensive overview of the book 'Industrial Applications of Microbial Enzymes', edited by Pankaj Bhatt, which discusses various aspects of microbial enzymes and their industrial applications. It includes chapters on enzyme production, purification, bioremediation, and applications in food industries, agriculture, and medicine. The book aims to provide insights into recent advancements and practical uses of microbial enzymes in various fields.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Microbial Biofilms Omics Biology, Antimicrobials and Clinical

Implications - 1st Edition

Visit the link below to download the full version of this book:

https://medipdf.com/product/microbial-biofilms-omics-biology-antimicrobials-and-
clinical-implications-1st-edition/

Click Download Now


Industrial Applications
of Microbial Enzymes

Edited by
Pankaj Bhatt
First edition published 2023
by CRC Press
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487–2742
and by CRC Press
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
© 2023 Pankaj Bhatt
Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the
author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or
the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace
the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to
copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any
copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we
may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted,
reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or
other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming,
and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written
permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access
www.copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222
Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978–750–8400. For works that are not
available on CCC please contact [email protected]
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to
infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: Bhatt, Pankaj, editor.
Title: Industrial applications of microbial enzymes / edited by Pankaj Bhatt.
Description: First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2022. | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021060977 (print) | LCCN 2021060978 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781032065137 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032065984 (paperback) |
ISBN 9781003202998 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Microbial enzymes—Industrial applications. | Industrial
microbiology.
Classification: LCC QR90 .I518 2022 (print) | LCC QR90 (ebook) |
DDC 660.6/2—dc23/eng/20220330
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021060977
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021060978
ISBN: 9781032065137 (hbk)
ISBN: 9781032065984 (pbk)
ISBN: 9781003202998 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9781003202998
Typeset in Times
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
Contents
Editor ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ix
Contributors�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� xi

Chapter 1 Recent Advancement in Microbial Enzymes and Their


Industrial Applications������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1
Pankaj Bhatt, Sajjad Ahmad, Samiksha Joshi,
and Kalpana Bhatt

Chapter 2 Production, Purification, and Application of the


Microbial Enzymes ��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19
Anupam Pandey, Ankita H. Tripathi, and Priyanka H. Tripathi

Chapter 3 Recent Advancements in Microbial Enzymes and Their


Application in Bioremediation of Xenobiotic Compounds���������������� 41
Saurabh Gangola, Pankaj Bhatt, Samiksha Joshi, Saurabh
Kumar, Narendra Singh Bhandari, Samarth Terwari,
Om Prakash, and Amit Kumar Mittal

Chapter 4 Industrial Applications of Bacterial Enzymes������������������������������������ 59


Md. Shahbaz Anwar

Chapter 5 A Quick Look-Around of Microbial Enzymes in


Modern Food Industries and Dietary Research���������������������������������� 91
Vineet Singh, Anjali Pande, and Jae-Ho Shin

Chapter 6 Fungal Enzymes in Organic Pollutants Bioremediation������������������ 101


Adam Grzywaczyk, Wojciech Smułek, Jakub Zdarta,
and Ewa Kaczorek

Chapter 7 Enzymes Involved in the Bioremediation of Pesticides������������������� 133


Sajjad Ahmad, Pankaj Bhatt, Hafiz Waqas Ahmad,
Dongming Cui, Jiatai Guo, Guohua Zhong, and Jie Liu

v
vi Contents

Chapter 8 Esterases and Their Industrial Applications������������������������������������� 169


Hamza Rafeeq, Asim Hussain, Ayesha Safdar,
Sumaira Shabbir, Muhammad Bilal, Farooq Sher,
Marcelo Franco, and Hafiz M. N. Iqbal

Chapter 9 Soil Microbial Enzymes and Their Importance, Significance,


and Industrial Applications��������������������������������������������������������������� 191
Hemant Dasila, Sarita Joshi, and Sudipta Ramola

Chapter 10 Application of Microbial Enzymes in Industry and Antibiotic


Production���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 207
Rishendra Kumar, Lokesh Tripathi, and Pankaj Bhatt

Chapter 11 ACC-Deaminase-Producing Bacteria: From Alleviating Plant


Stress to their Commercial Application for Sustainable
Agriculture������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 221
Anjali Pande, Vineet Singh, and Byung Wook Yun

Chapter 12 Phytases and Their Characteristic Features and Biotechnological


Applications in Animal Feed������������������������������������������������������������ 231
Syed Zakir Hussain Shah, Mahroze Fatima, Mehwish Khan,
and Muhammad Bilal

Chapter 13 Applications of Immobilized Ligninolytic Enzymes in the


Degradation of Industrial Pollutants������������������������������������������������� 249
Muhammad Bilal, Hamza Rafiq, Sarmad Ahmad Qamar,
Asim Hussain, Pankaj Bhatt, and Hafiz M. N. Iqbal

Chapter 14 Role of Streptokinase as a Thrombolytic Agent for Medical


Applications������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 271
Hamza Rafeeq, Muhammad Anjum Zia, Asim Hussain,
Ayesha Safdar, Muhammad Bilal and Hafiz M. N. Iqbal

Chapter 15 Laccase-Assisted Biocatalytic Removal of Lignin from


Lignocellulosic Biomass������������������������������������������������������������������ 295
Sadia Noreen, Sara Rehman, Memoona Asif,
Muhammad Bilal, and Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
Contents vii

Chapter 16 Omics Approaches for the Production of the Microbial Enzymes


and Applications������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 317
Heena Parveen, Anuj Chaudhary, Parul Chaudhary,
Rabiya Sultana, Govind Kumar, Priyanka Khati,
Meenakshi Rana, and Pankaj Bhatt

Index���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 333
Editor
Dr. Pankaj Bhatt earned his PhD in microbiology from G.B Pant University of
Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S Nagar, India. His PhD work was on the
molecular and proteomic basis of biodegradation of pesticides. He has published 60
research and review articles in reputable journals. He has authored 20 book chapters.
Dr. Bhatt edited five books with Elsevier, Springer, and IGI Global. Previously, he
was an assistant professor at the Department of Microbiology, Dolphin (PG) College
of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Dehradun, India. Dr. Bhatt worked at Integrative
Microbiology Research center, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou,
China for three years. In addition, he have associated with the Department of
Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
Presently, he is working as Visiting researcher at Department of Agriculture and
Biological Engineering, Purdue University, Indiana, United States of America.

ix
Contributors
Sajjad Ahmad Gurukul Kangri University
Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
Management of Crop in South China
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Pankaj Bhatt
Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide Department of Agricultural &
and Chemical Biology Biological Engineering
Ministry of Education Purdue University
South China Agricultural University West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
Guangzhou P. R. China
Department of Integrative Microbiology
Department of Agricultural & Biological Research Centre
Engineering Purdue University South Agricultural University China
West Lafayette, IN, USA State Key Laboratory for Conservation
and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-
Hafiz Waqas Ahmad bioresources
Department of Food Engineering Guangdong Laboratory for
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Lingnan Modern Agriculture
and Technology Integrative Microbiology
University of Agriculture Research Centre
Faisalabad, Pakistan South China Agricultural
University
Md. Shahbaz Anwar Guangzhou, China
Department of Microbiology
Dum Dum Motijheel College Muhammad Bilal
WBSU, Kolkata School of Life Science and Food
Engineering
Memoona Asif Huaiyin Institute of Technology
Department of Biochemistry Huai’an China
University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Pakistan Anuj Chaudhary
School of Agriculture and
Narendra Singh Bhandari Environmental Sciences
School of Agriculture Shobhit University
Graphic Era Hill University Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh, India
Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
Parul Chaudhary
Kalpana Bhatt Department of Animal Biotechnology
Department of Botany and NDRI, Karnal
Microbiology Haryana, India

xi
xii Contributors

Dongming Cui Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and


Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Chemical Biology
Management of Crop in South China Ministry of Education
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural South China Agricultural University
Affairs Guangzhou P. R. China
Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and
Chemical Biology Asim Hussain
Ministry of Education Department of Biochemistry
South China Agricultural University Riphah International University
Guangzhou, P. R. China Faisalabad, Pakistan

Hemant Dasila Hafiz M. N. Iqbal


Department of Microbiology Tecnologico de Monterrey
College of Basic Sciences and Humanities School of Engineering and Sciences
G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Monterrey, Mexico
Technology
Pantnagar, India Samiksha Joshi
School of Agriculture
Mahroze Fatima Graphic Era Hill University
Department of Fisheries and Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
Aquaculture
University of Veterinary and Sarita Joshi
Animal Sciences Department of Environmental Science
Lahore, Pakistan College of Basic Sciences and
Humanities
Marcelo Franco G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and
Department of Exact Sciences and Technology
Technology Pantnagar, India
State University of Santa Cruz
Ilhéus, Brazil Ewa Kaczorek
Institute of Chemical Technology and
Saurabh Gangola Engineering
School of Agriculture Poznan University of Technology
Graphic Era Hill University Berdychowo Poznan, Poland
Bhimtal, India
Mehwish Khan
Adam Grzywaczyk Department of Fisheries and
Institute of Chemical Technology and Aquaculture
Engineering University of Veterinary and Animal
Poznan University of Technology Sciences
Berdychowo Poznan, Poland Lahore, Pakistan

Jiatai Guo Priyanka Khati


Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Crop Production Division
Management of Crop in South China ICAR-VPKAS, Almora
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Uttarakhand, India
Contributors xiii

Govind Kumar Anupam Pandey


Department of Crop Production Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus, Bhimtal
ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Kumaun University
Horticulture Nainital Uttarakhand, India
Lucknow, India and
ICAR Directorate of Coldwater
Rishendra Kumar Fisheries Research
Department of Biotechnology Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus Bhimtal
Kumaun University Heena Parveen
Nainital, Uttarakhand, India Department of Dairy Microbiology
NDRI, Karnal
Saurabh Kumar Haryana, India
ICAR Research Complex for Eastern
Region Om Prakash
Patna, India Department of Allied Sciences
Graphic Era Hill University
Jie Liu
Bhimtal, India
Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest
Management of Crop in South China Sarmad Ahmad Qamar
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Engineering and School of
Chemical Biology Biotechnology
Ministry of Education East China University of Science and
South China Agricultural University Technology
Guangzhou, P. R. China Shanghai, China
Amit Kumar Mittal
Hamza Rafeeq
Department of Allied Sciences
Department of Biochemistry
Graphic Era Hill University
Riphah International University
Bhimtal, India
Faisalabad, Pakistan
Sadia Noreen
Department of Biochemistry Sudipta Ramola
Government College Women University College of Chemical Engineering
Faisalabad, Pakistan Zhejiang University of Technology
Hangzhou, China
Anjali Pande
Department of Applied Biosciences, Meenakshi Rana
Kyungpook National University School of Agriculture
South Korea Lovely Professional University
Phagwara, Punjab, India
Department of Agriculture and Life
Sciences and Department of Applied Sara Rehman
Life Sciences Department of Biochemistry
Kyungpook National University Government College Women University
South Korea Faisalabad, Pakistan
xiv Contributors

Ayesha Safdar Purdue University


Department of Biochemistry West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
University of Agriculture
Ankita H. Tripathi
Faisalabad, Pakistan
Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus,
Sumaira Shabbir Bhimtal
Department of Zoology, Wildlife, and Kumaun University
Fisheries Nainital Uttarakhand, India
University of Agriculture Priyanka H. Tripathi
Faisalabad, Pakistan Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus,
Bhimtal
Farooq Sher
Kumaun University Nainital
Department of Engineering
Uttarakhand, India
School of Science and Technology
and
Nottingham Trent University
ICAR Directorate of Coldwater
Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
Fisheries Research
Jae-Ho Shin Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
Department of Applied Biosciences Lokesh Tripathi
Department of Integrative Department of Biotechnology
Biotechnology Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus
Kyungpook National University Bhimtal, Kumaun University
South Korea Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Vineet Singh Byung Wook Yun
Department of Applied Biosciences Department of Agriculture and Life
Department of Agriculture and Sciences
Life Sciences Department of Applied Life Sciences
Department of Applied Life Kyungpook National University
Sciences South Korea
Kyungpook National University
South Korea Jakub Zdarta
Institute of Chemical Technology and
Syed Zakir Hussain Shah Engineering
Department of Zoology Poznan University of Technology
University of Gujrat Berdychowo Poznan, Poland
Gujrat, Pakistan
Guohua Zhong
Wojciech Smułek Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest
Institute of Chemical Technology Management of Crop in South China
and Engineering Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Poznan University of Technology Affairs
Berdychowo Poznan, Poland Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and
Chemical Biology
Rabiya Sultana Ministry of Education
Department of Biotechnology South China Agricultural University
Gauhati University Guangzhou, P. R. China
Assam, India
Muhammad Anjum Zia
Samarth Terwari Department of Biochemistry
Department of Agricultural and University of Agriculture
Biological Engineering Faisalabad, Pakistan
1 Recent Advancement
in Microbial Enzymes
and Their Industrial
Applications
Pankaj Bhatt, Sajjad Ahmad, Samiksha Joshi,
and Kalpana Bhatt

ABSTRACT
Microbes are an inexhaustible source of enzymes having biocatalytic potential. The
huge diversity of microbial enzymes makes them essential for application in dif-
ferent industries such as textiles, agriculture, chemical, food and beverages, phar-
maceuticals, leather, and paper and pulp. Enzymes reduce environmental pollution
utilizing strategies including biodegradation and bioremediation. Consequently, it is
not astonishing to see the burgeoning enzyme market at a global level as they are
greener, more eco-friendly, stable, highly catalytic, and easier to modify than ani-
mal and plant enzymes. Alternative strategies such as recombinant DNA technology
and protein engineering are used to modify enzymes to obtain novel products, as
well as a high quantity of microbial enzymes with enhanced substrate specificity
and stability. The varied applications of microbial enzymes make them a prominent
candidate for industries. This chapter highlights and discusses the various microbial
enzymes, their applications in industrial sectors, and their present status in the world-
wide enzyme market.

Keywords: microbes, enzymes, industry, catalysis, metagenomics

CONTENTS
1.1 Introduction������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2
1.2 Pharmaceutical and Analytical Industry����������������������������������������������������������� 5
1.3 Food Industry���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 8
1.4 Dairy Industry��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9
1.5 Feed Industry�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10
1.6 Paper and Pulp Industry���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10
1.7 Leather Industry���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11
1.8 Textile Industry����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11
1.9 Detergent Industry������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 12

DOI: 10.1201/9781003202998-11
2 Industrial Applications of Microbial Enzymes

1.10 Conclusion������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 13
References���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 13

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Microbial enzymes have acquired worldwide attention as a result of their broad use
in industrial bioprocesses in a variety of industries, including food, pharmaceutical,
textiles, and leather (Adrio and Demain, 2014) (Figure 1.1).
Factors associated with increased attention toward industrial usage of microbial
enzymes include their great efficiency, economic value, catalytic activity, specific-
ity, stability, nontoxicity, cost-effectiveness, ease of production, and low risk to the
environment (Choi et al., 2015). Different types of fungi, actinomycetes, and bacteria
are studied worldwide for the production of enzymes that can be exploited for indus-
trial and commercial applications. A variety of enzymes produced intracellularly or
extracellularly by different bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and yeasts exhibit a wide
range of commercial applications. Microbial enzymes, such as proteases, amylases,
pectinases, cellulases, xylanases, laccases, and lipases, are extracellular, whereas a
few, like catalases, are intracellular (Fiedurek and Gromada, 2000). In comparison
to plant and animal enzymes, the microbial enzymes have proven more active, stable,
and beneficial in industries. Among all, 50% of industrial enzymes are obtained from
yeast and fungi, 35% from bacteria, and 15% are from plants (Saranraj and Naidu,
2014). Microbial enzymes have shown superior performances and work efficiently
under a wide range of varied chemical and physical conditions. Microorganisms are
favored sources of enzymes due to their fast growth rate, easy availability, and high
yield, and they are easy to modify and optimize, making them more susceptible to
gene manipulation with biochemical diversity. Moreover, they can easily convert toxic
compounds (containing amines, nitriles, phenolic groups, and carboxylic groups) into
nontoxic forms, either by bioconversion or biodegradation processes. The method
of fermentation by which microbial enzymes are synthesized at a large scale is not
interrupted by seasonal variations and hence do not affect the standardized supply of
enzyme. Extremoenzymes are obtained from microbes surviving in extreme environ-
ments, like polar regions, volcanic springs, the sea, and areas of very high salt concen-
trations, possess an amazing array of enzymes catalyzing biochemical reactions and
perform well under extreme pH and temperature. Thus, they have direct applications
in industrial processes that occur under extreme conditions. Thermophilic microbes
are well known for thermostable enzymes. These thermostable enzymes have a low
risk of microbial contamination during the fermentation process for applications in
industries on commercial scales (Adrio and Demain, 2014). Major groups of enzymes
used in industries are hydrolases, like proteases for dairy and detergent industries,
and carbohydrases, like cellulases and amylases for detergents, baking, and the tex-
tile industry (Gurung et al., 2013). Some of the examples include bacterial species
belonging to genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Clostridium for the synthesis of
alkaline proteases and fungi like Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Aspergillus for the
synthesis of xylanases with significant applications in bio-industries (Nigam, 2013).
Currently, out of 4,000 known microbial enzymes, only 200 are used commercially
and 20 are produced on a truly industrial scale. Top three companies contributing 75%
Microbial Enzyme Industrial Applications
3

FIGURE 1.1 Applications of microbial enzymes in different areas.

You might also like