2025

MATRICULATION EXAMINATION
DEPARTMENT OF MYANMAR EXAMINATIONS
CHEMISTRY Time Allowed: (3) Hours
WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN THE ANSWER BOOKLET
The symbols in this paper have their usual significance

SECTION (A)
(Answer ALL questions)
1. Write TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements. (10 marks)
(a) Carbon dioxide is a non-polar molecule and the dipole moment is not zero.
(b) Face-centred cubic unit cell is a cubic cell with an atom on each corner, and another in the centre of
the cube.
(c) The reaction between copper and oxygen is a spontaneous reaction.
(d) When the particles collide with the incorrect orientation, they must have enough energy for a
successful collision to produce a reaction.
(e) A dynamic equilibrium exists once a reversible reaction occurs.
+
(f) Ammonia molecule accepts a proton from water forming NH4 ion and this ion is strong conjugate
acid.
(g) The f-block lanthanide and actinide series are called the outer transition elements.
(h) In general, transition metals do not corrode readily in the atmosphere.
(i) Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use
or generation of hazardous substances.
(j) To produce a propanone, 2-propanol must be heated with an oxidising agent.
Ans: (a) FALSE (b) FALSE (c) FALSE (d) FALSE (e) TRUE
(f) TRUE (g) FALSE (h) TRUE (i) TRUE (j) TRUE

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct word(s), notation(s), term(s), unit(s), etc., as necessary. (10 marks)
(a) In SF6 molecule, the sulphur atom is surrounded by __________ electrons.
(b) The enthalpy cycle can be constructed in __________ steps.
(c) If higher the concentration of reactant will be used up, the rate of reaction will be __________.
(d) When the concentration of a reactant is increased on equilibrium system, the system responds by
__________ the concentration of the reactant.
(e) Strong acids are strong __________ that completely ionise in water.
(f) __________ is an integral part of modern construction because it is highly corrosion-resistant.
(g) Cadmium in the environment is also toxic to plant, animals and __________.
(h) High energy beta particles will penetrate the __________ a centimetre or more.
(i) __________ is a vibration that occurs along the bond line and changes the bond length.
(j) The long form of DNA is __________.
Ans: (a) 12 (b) two (c) faster (d) removing (e) electrolytes
(f) Titanium (g) microorganisms (h) skin (i) Stretching (j) deoxyribonucleic acid

(2)
3. Choose the best answer for each question given in the following. (10 marks)
(a) Among van der Waals forces, London dispersion forces are the __________ intermolecular forces.
A. weakest B. strongest C. medium D. none of these
(b) The numerical value of specific heat capacity of water is __________.
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
A. 4.18 J g °C B. 4.81 J g °C C. 1.48 J g °C D. 4.18 J g °C
k cC + dD, the rate of disappearance of A is
(c) For a general chemical reaction aA + bB →
__________.
1 ∆ [ A] 1 ∆ [ A] 1 [A] 1 [A]
A. B. - C. - D.
a ∆t a ∆t a t a ∆t
(d) The reaction proceeding to the right is called a __________ reaction.
A. reversed B. Reversible C. forward D. backward
(e) When HCOOK dissolves in water, the pH becomes greater than 7 because the hydrolysis of
__________.
+ - + -
A. K B. HCOO C. HCOOH D. both K and HCOO
(f) Transition metals usually have their __________ oxidation states in compounds with fluorine.
A. zero B. lowest C. medium D. highest
(g) __________ is a standard substrate for the production of adipic acid.
A. Ether B. Benzene C. Oxalic acid D. Alcohol
(h) The __________ is used as a source of alpha particles in ionisation smoke detectors.
A. Ba-137 B. 1-129 C. Am-241 D. Cs-132
(i) The general formula of __________ is CnH2nO.
A. esters B. alcohols C. ethers D. ketones
(j) The __________ bond polarity and more number of bonds in molecules will give a more intense
absorption band.
A higher B. weaker C. lower D. poorer
Ans: (a) A (b) A (c) B (d) C (e) B
(f) D (g) B (h) C (i) D (j) A

SECTION (B)
4. Answer All questions. (25 marks)
(a) (i) You are given two molecules: NH3 and BF3. Can these two molecules react? If so, write a
chemical equation for it by using Lewis structure.
(ii) How many types of bond are present in product formed from the above chemical equation?
What are they?
Ans: (i) Yes, these two molecules can react.
H F H F
   
H  N  + B  F H  N  B  F or
   
H F H F
a lone pair of electrons coordinate bond

(3)
 (ii) Two types of bond are present in product formed from the above chemical equation.
They are covalent bond and dative bond.

(b) (i) Predict the alkane cracking reaction takes place exothermic or endothermic reaction.
(ii) The combustion of diborane is;
B2H6(g) + 3O2(g) B2O3(s) + 3H2O(l)
-1
Calculate the standard enthalpy change of combustion of diborane (B2H6) in kJ mol , using the
following data.
∆ H f [B2H6(g)] = -36 kJ mol-1; ∆ H f [H2O(i)] = -286 kJ mol-1 and
θ θ

∆ H f [B2O3(s)] = -1274 kJ mol-1

θ

Ans: (i) alkane cracking = endothermic reaction

θ –1
(ii) 2B (s) + 3H2(g) B2H6 (g)  H f [B2H6 (g)] = - 36 kJ mol
1 θ –1
H2 (g) + O (g) H2O (l)  H f [H2O (l)] = - 286 kJ mol
2 2
1 θ –1
2B (s) + O2 (g) B2O3 (s)  H f [B2O3 (s)] = - 1274 kJ mol
2

θ
2B (s) + 3H2 (g)  H f [B2H6 (g)] B2H6 (g)
+3O2 (g) +3O2 (g)

θ θ
 H f [B2O3 (s)]  H c [B2H6 (g)]
θ
+ 3 H f [H2O (l)] Route I
B2O3 (s) + 3H2O (l) Route II

By using Hess’s law,

Route I = Route II
θ θ θ θ
 H f [B2O3 (s)] + 3 H f [H2O (l)] =  H f [B2H6 (g)] +  H c [B2H6 (g)]
θ
(-1274) + 3 (-286) = (-36) +  H c [B2H6 (g)]
θ –1
 H c [B2H6 (g)] = - 2096 kJ mol

(c) (i) Two gases X and Y have been filled in a container. What effect will the following changes have on
the rate of the reaction between these gases? X + Y Product
(A) The pressure is doubled.
(B) The number of molecules of gas X is doubled.
(C) The temperature is decreased at a constant volume.
(ii) In the Ostwald process for manufacturing nitric acid, ammonia oxidation occurs slowly as the
following reaction.
Pt-Rh
NH3(g) + O2(g) NO(g) + H2O(g)
800 °C
 (A) Write down the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
(B) What type of catalyst is Pt-Rh in this reaction?

Ans: (i) (A) increasing the pressure, increasing the rate of reaction
(B) increasing the concentration of reactant, increasing the rate of reaction
(C) decreasing the temperature, decreasing the rate of reaction

Pt-Rh
(ii) 4NH3 (g) + 5O2 (g) 4NO (g) + 6H2O (g)
800 °C
(A) temperature, pressure and catalyst (B) a heterogeneous catalyst

(d) (i) Describe the relationship between the energy and the frequency or wavelength of the
electromagnetic radiation by Planck's equation in infrared spectroscopy.
(ii) How could IR spectroscopy distinguish for the CH3CH2CHO and CH3CH2COOH compounds? How
do you understand the term/bending?
Ans: (i) The shorter the wavelengths and higher the frequency corresponds with greater energy. The
longer the wavelengths and lower the frequency results in lower energy.
hc
E = h =
❑

(ii) The IR spectrum of CH3CH2COOH would show a characteristic broad O – H stretching peak in the
-1
range of 2500-3300 cm . This peak is absent in the spectrum of CH3CH2CHO.
Bending is a vibration that occurs between two bonds and changes the bond angle.

(e) (i) What is the "Green Technology"? Where is it applied in?

(ii) Describe the uses of various salts of cadmium. Give any six.
Ans: (i) Green technology is an environmentally friendly technology that builds products and systems to
conserve natural resources and the environment. It is applied in green chemistry.

(ii) Various salts of cadmium are commonly used in electronic cells, accumulators, porcelain,
nuclear materials, amalgam in dentistry, plastic.
OR
(e) (i) What is the uses of caesium-137 radionuclide?
(ii) How would you apply green chemistry to avoid the use of halogenated solvents in dry clearing?
Give reasons.
Ans: (i) Caesium-137 is used as a tracer in medical radiation therapy devices for treating cancer, and in
industrial gauges that detect the flow of liquid through pipes.

(ii) Liquid CO2 cleaning should be used.

In the liquid CO2 cleaning process, liquid carbon dioxide and other non-toxic cleaning materials
replace tetrachloroethene. Dry cleaners pressurise and then liquefy CO2 gas to make it a
powerful solvent for cleaning clothing items. After the dry-cleaning process, the CO 2 gas is
safely stored in a storage tank for reuse. Although the liquid CO2 cleaning process requires
expensive and special machines, it effectively reduces the environmental problems.
 (5)
5. Answer All questions. (15 marks)
3+ 2+
(a) (i) State the number of 3d electrons in the Fe , Mn, Co and Ni .
3+ 4+
(ii) Predict the most stable oxidation state of Co and Co . Give reasons.
(iii) Name two transition elements used for the building materials.
3+ 2+
Ans: (i) Fe = 5, Mn = 5, Co = 7, Ni = 8

(ii) Co3+ and Co4+

3+ 4+
Co is more stable than Co because the higher oxidation states are more stable at the
beginning of the 3d series, whereas towards the end, lower oxidation states are more stable;
3+ 4+
so, Co is more stable than Co .

(iii) Titanium and Iron

(b) (i) Styrene monomer is a reactant in a polymerisation reaction. Draw and give the structural
formula of the polymer that is formed in this polymerisation reaction and the trade name of this
polymer, what type of polymerisation would be formed?
(ii) What are the uses of nylon? Give any four.
Ans: (i) H H
C–C
H C6H5 n
The trade name is Styrofoam.
Addition polymerization would be formed.

(ii) Nylon is used in fishing line, shoes, toothbrush bristles, guitar strings and machine parts.

-8 -4
(c) (i) The Ka values for hypochlorous acid and nitrous acid are 3.5 x 10 and 4.5 x 10 respectively.
What are their pKa values? Which one is the stronger?
(ii) Write the balanced chemical equation for an acid-base reaction that would produce the salt,
NH4I and predict an aqueous solution of salt is acidic, basic or neutral.
–8
Ans: (i) hypochlorous acid, Ka = 3.5 x 10
–8 –8
pKa = - log Ka = - log 3.5 x 10 = - log 3.5 – log 10 = 7.456
–4
nitrous acid, Ka = 4.5 × 10
–4 –4
pKa = - log Ka = - log 7.2 × 10 = - log 7.2 – log 10 = 3.347
Nitrous acid is the stronger.

(ii) HN4OH (aq) + HI (aq) NH4I (aq) + H2O (l)

NH4I is the salt of a weak base and a strong acid. Thus, the solution id acidic.

OR
(6)
 -
(c) (i) The pH of sodium fluoride and hydrofluoric acid buffer is 3.14. Calculate the ratio of [F ] and [HF].
-4
(Ka = 7.24 x 10 for hydrofluoric acid)
-14 2 -6
(ii) Show that the Kw = 1.0 x 10 mol dm at 298 K.
+ –
Ans: (i) NaF (aq) Na (aq) + F (aq)
+ –
HF (aq) H (aq) + F (aq)
Ka = ¿¿

[H ]
+
= Ka x
[ HF ]
¿¿
+
- log [H ] = - log Ka + (- log
[ HF ] )
¿¿
pH = - log pKa + log ¿ ¿
-4
3.14 = - log 7.24 x 10 + log ¿ ¿
3.14 = 3.14 + log ¿ ¿
log ¿ ¿ =0
¿¿ = antilog 0 =1

+ –
(ii) Kw = [H ] [OH ]
+ – –7 –3
[H ] = [OH ]= 1.0 x 10 mol dm at 25 °C (298 K)
+ – –7 –3 –7 –3
Kw = [H ] [OH ] = (1.0 x 10 mol dm ) (1.0 x 10 mol dm )
–14 2 –6
= 1.0 x 10 mol dm at 25 °C (298 K)

6. Answer All questions. (15 marks)

(a) (i) Give the IUPAC names for the following compounds.
(A) CH3 – COH – CN (B) CH3 O (C) CH3 O
= =
CH3 CH3 – C – CH2 – C – CH – CH 3 CH3 – CH2 – CH – CH – C – H
CH3 CH2 – CH3 CH2 – CH3
(ii) Identify the structures and IUPAC names of the unknown substances Q and S in the following
reactions. LiAlH4 in dry ether
(A) Q + [H] iso-propyl alcohol
dil H2SO4
LiAlH4 in dry ether
(B) propanoic acid + [H] S + water
dil H2SO4

Ans: (i) (A) 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile (B) 3,5,5-trimetyl-4-heptanone

(C) 2-ethyl-3-methylpentanal

(ii) Q = CH3COCH3, propanone S = CH3CH2CH2OH, 1-propanol

(7)
OR
(a) (i) Ethanamide is obtained when excess of compound X is reacted with ammonia. What is
compound X? Write down the relevant equation.
 (ii) When an ethyl propanoate is refluxed with excess alkali, what products could be formed?
Write down the equation with words and symbols. Why do the 1° and 2° amines have higher
boiling points than those of alkanes or ethers of a similar molecular mass?

Ans: (i) CH3COOH + NH3 CH3COONH4 CH3CONH2 + H2O
ethanoic acid ammonium ethanoate ethanamide
compound X = ethanoic acid

(ii) CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 + NaOH CH3CH2COONa + CH3CH2OH

ethyl propanoate sodium propanoate ethanol

Primary and secondary amines have higher boiling points than those of alkanes or ethers of a
similar molecular mass because they can form an intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

(b) (i) Describe the uses of cobalt and its ion.

(ii) Which of the 3d series transition elements may not be regarded as transition elements by IUPAC
definition? Give reasons for your answer.
Ans: (i) Cobalt is used in making alloys with various metals. Cobalt ion has brilliant blue colour used as
paint, ink, and pigments.

(ii) IUPAC defines a transition element (metal) as an element whose atom has partially filled d
subshells (orbitals) or which can give rise to cations with incomplete d subshells (orbitals). By this
deifinition, Zn is excluded from the transition metals, as it has a d10 configuration; it does not
meet
the definition.

(c) (i) What energy transformation takes place in gas turbine and electric generator?
(ii) Explain how a catalyst affects the rate of reaction in terms of activation energy.
V 2O 5
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
(iii) At a certain temperature. Keq = 10.5 for the equilibrium;
CO(g) +2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g)
-3
Calculate the concentration of H2 in an equilibrium mixture containing 1.09 mol dm of CO and
-3
0.325 mol dm of CH3OH.
Ans: (i) gas turbine = chemical energy into mechanical energy
electric generator = mechanical energy into electrical energy

(ii) Generally, the catalysts provide an alternative pathway for the reaction with lower activation
energy, and thus increasing the reaction rate. Figure is the energy diagram which shows the
reaction progress of uncatalysed and catalysed reactions. In the diagram, the pathway
corresponds to the activation energy of a catalysed reaction (blue curve) being less than that of
an uncatalysed reaction (red curve), and thus the rate of catalysed reaction is faster than that of
(8)
uncatalysed reaction.
 (iii) [CO] = 3.85 mol dm-3, [CH3OH] = 1.09 mol dm–3
[CH 3 OH ]
Keq =
[ CO ] [ H 2 ]2
2
[CH 3 OH ] 0.325
[ H2] = =
K eq ×[CO ] 10.5× 1.09

[H2] =
√ 0.325 = 0.1685 mol dm–3
10.5 ×1.09

7. Answer All questions. (15 marks)

(a) (i) What are the requirements for the formation of hydrogen bonds between covalent molecules?
(ii) Identify the chemical bonding between atoms and intermolecular forces existing in the dry ice,
CO2 with appropriate diagram.
Ans: (i) The formation of hydrogen bonds between covalent molecules requires: (1) the first molecule
has hydrogen attached to a high electronegative atom (F, O, or N) and (2) the second molecule
possesses a lone pair of electrons on a small electronegative atom (F, O, or N).

(ii) - + -
 
CO2  Lo O
 
 
- two double covalent bonds C O C O
- London dispersion force
O O London dispersion force

O C O C

O
OR
(a) (i) What type of bond is formed between 13X and 9Y? Give the Lewis dot structures and the possible
formula of compound formed. (electronegativities: X = 1.5, Y = 4.0)
(ii) Describe the coordination ratio of NaCl and define the coordination number.
Ans: (i) Ionic bond is formed between 13X and 9Y. Because the electronegativity difference between 13X
and 9Y is 2.5, i.e., > 1.8.
 (9)

The Lewis dot structure of X = X

 
The Lewis dot structure of X =  
Y
  

–

3+  
The possible formula of compound formed = X 3 Y
  


(ii) Coordination ratio of NaCl = 6:6

Coordination number is the number of atoms or ions surrounding a central atom in a
crystal lattice.

⇌
(b) (i) Predict the effect of decreasing pressure on the following equilibrium.
N2(g) + 2H2O(g) 2H2(g) + 2NO(g)
(ii) H2S gas decomposes to form H2(g) and S2(g) at 1405 K. The equilibrium constant for the reaction
-3
is 2.270 x 10 . How much of the concentration of hydrogen gas would be produced?
-3 -3
([S2] = 0.054 mol dm , [H2S] = 0.184 mol dm )
Ans: (i) 2H2O (g) + N2 (g) 2H2 (g) + 2NO (g)
2 mol 1 mol 2 mol 2 mol
In total, there are more moles of gas in the forward reaction, and in the reverse reaction are
fewer moles of the gases. According to Le Chatelier's principle, decreasing pressure favours
more moles of gases. The forward reaction will be favoured. Equilibrium shifts from left to right
and more hydrogen and nitrogen oxide gases will be formed.

(ii) 2H2S (g) 2H2 (g) + S2 (g)

–3 –3
0.184 mol dm 0.054 mol dm
2
[ H 2 ] [S 2 ]
Keq = 2
[H 2 S ]
2 −3
K eq ×[H 2 S ] 2
[ H2]
2
= = 2.27 ×10 ×(0.184)
[S 2] 0.054
–2
= 0.1423 x 10
[H2] = √ 0.1423 ×10−2
–3
= 0.0377 mol dm

(10)
(c) (i) Which bond absorptions are present for the carboxamide functional group in an infrared
-1
spectrum? Describe the absorption range of wavenumber (cm ) for these bonds.
 (ii) Write the chemical equation to show polymerisation reaction between H2NCH2COOH
molecules. Name the linkage of polymer formed.
(iii) State the "Transesterification".
(i) C = O and N – H bond absorptions are present for the carboxamide functional group in an
infrared
spectrum.
−1 −1
N – H stretches = 3200-3600 cm , C = O stretches = 1650-1750 cm

(ii) peptide bonds

R H R’ H R H R’ H
HO – C – C – N – H + HO – C – C – N – H HO – C – C – N – C – C – N – H + H2O
= = = =
O H O H O H O H
amino acid amino acid dipeptide

(iii) Transesterification is the reaction of an ester with an alcohol to form a different ester.

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