D-F LOW S LIDE

Slope Liquefaction and Breaching

User Manual

Wettelijk Toets Instrumentarium 2017

Version: 18.1.1
SVN Revision: 00

November 22, 2018

D-F LOW S LIDE, User Manual

Published and printed by:

Deltares telephone: +31 88 335 82 73
Boussinesqweg 1 fax: +31 88 335 85 82
2629 HV Delft e-mail: [email protected]
P.O. 177 www: https://www.deltares.nl
2600 MH Delft
The Netherlands

Contact:
Helpdesk Water telefoon: +31 88 797 7102
Rijkswaterstaat WVL www: http://www.helpdeskwater.nl
Postbus 2232
3500 GE Utrecht

Copyright © 2018 Deltares

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form by print, photo
print, photo copy, microfilm or any other means, without written permission from the publisher:
Deltares.
 Contents

Contents
List of Figures v

List of Tables vii

1 General Information 1
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Features in D-F LOW S LIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Minimum System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 D-F LOW S LIDE and DAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 Getting Started 5
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3 Main Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3.1 Menu bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3.2 Icon bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3.3 Cross section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3.4 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3.5 Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.4 Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3 User Interface 9
3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1.1 File menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1.2 Tools menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1.3 Help menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2 Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2.1 Project properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2.2 Surface line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2.3 Soils table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.2.4 Soil profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2.5 Additional parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2.5.1 General parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2.5.2 Detailed parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.2.5.3 Advanced parameters liquefaction flow slide (Sliq2D) . . . . 24
3.2.5.4 Advanced parameters breach flow slide (HMBreach) . . . . 26
3.3 Validation and Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.4.1 Overall results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.4.2 Global results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.4.3 Detailed results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.4.4 Advanced liquefaction results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.4.5 Advanced breach flow results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.5 Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.5.1 Charts for Global check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.5.2 Chart for Detailed check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.5.3 Chart for Advanced Liquefaction check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.5.4 Chart for Advanced Breaching check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4 Tutorial 39
4.1 Assessment methods in D-Flow Slide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.2 Surface line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.3 Soil table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

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4.4 Soil profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

4.5 General parameters for Global and Detailed checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.6 Detailed check parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.7 Calculation and Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.7.1 Overall results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.7.2 Global results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.7.3 Detailed results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.8 Advanced models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.8.1 Soil table for the advanced models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.8.2 Parameters for Liquefaction model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.8.3 Parameters for Breach flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.8.4 Results advanced models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

5 Literature 53

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 List of Figures

List of Figures
1.1 Examples of damage to a dike due to a flow slide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Processes possibly involved in a flow slide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Resulting scar of a large flow slide (plaatval), Plaat van Walsoorden, 2014 . . 3

2.1 D-Flow Slide Setup window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.2 D-Flow Slide main window with a new project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3.1 Import from DAM csv files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.2 Settings window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.3 Tabs under Project properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.4 Surface line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.5 Position of the charateristic points along the surface line . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.6 Surface line containing many points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.7 Soils tab under Tables window for Global and Detailed assessment methods . 13
3.8 Soils tab under Tables window for Advance Liquefaction assessment method . 14
3.9 Soils tab under Tables window for Advanced Breach assessment methods . . 14
3.10 Soil profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.11 General parameters for WBI mode (left) and Expert mode (right) . . . . . . . 17
3.12 Definition of the revetment parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.13 Detailed parameters for WBI mode (left) and Expert mode (right) . . . . . . . 21
3.14 Definition of parameters D , H , β , γ , Area 1 and Area 2 for the probabilistic
calculation of the retrogression length L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.15 Advanced parameters liquefaction flow slide (Sliq2D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.16 Advanced parameters breach flow slide (HMBreach) for WBI mode (left) and
Expert mode (right) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.17 Validation messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.18 Overall results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.19 Global results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.20 Detailed results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.21 Advanced liquefaction results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.22 Advanced breach flow results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.23 Charts window when the four models are selected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.24 Options menu of the chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.25 Charts after a Global check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.26 Charts after a Detailed check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.27 Chart after an Advanced Liquefaction (Sliq2D) check . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.28 Chart after an Advanced Breach flow (HMBreach) check . . . . . . . . . . . 38

4.1 Input screen for the coordinates L and Z and the characteristic points . . . . . 40
4.2 Input screen for the sets of parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.3 Input screen for the 5 sets of parameters: Water, Revetment, Foreland, Soil
and Influence zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.4 Input screen: The probabilistic parameters are fixed, only the Mean "Area
ratio" can be changed (white box) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

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 List of Tables

List of Tables
3.3 Definition of the soil parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

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viii Deltares
 1 General Information

1.1 Introduction
The assessment of the stability of under water slopes in unprotected sandy or silty material is
often an important issue for dredging in harbours and fairways, trenching and sand mining. It
is also important for natural river- and estuary or lake banks near eroding flows, often related
with dike safety.

In this wiki space you can find information about the program D-F LOW S LIDE for analyzing
flow sliding in submerged slopes (in Dutch: zettingsvloeiing). A first version was developed
in 2012 (beta version 1.0), which was improved in 2014 (stand-alone version 1.2). In 2015
version 2 was released, where some nasty bugs were fixed and improvements were made.
With D-F LOW S LIDE version, a safety assessment on flow slides can be performed according
to WBI-2017. The program is based on the Toetsmethode zettingsvloeiing (De Bruijn et al.,
2016), also described in "Bijlage III: Sterkte en Veiligheid" (Rijkswaterstaat, 2016), which on
its turn is based on the Handreiking Toetsen Voorland Zettingsvloeiingen (Rijkswaterstaat,
2012).

For more detailed information about the stability of sandy and silty under water slopes you
can also download our brochure.

You can also read (in Dutch) a “Technical report” (De Bruijn et al., 2016), which prescribes the
technical safety assessment method for the major failure mechanism of water defenses. Each
primary flood defense in Holland must be judged along the methods and rules prescribed in
this document. This Technical report is a part of the “Statutory Assessment instrumentation”
and is called “The Prescribe Safety assessment for levee’s”.

Figure 1.1: Examples of damage to a dike due to a flow slide

Flow slides form a major threat for flood defences along (estuary) coastlines and riverbanks in
the Netherlands. Such flow slides may result in severe damage to dikes and structures, even-
tually leading to flooding of the hinterland (see Figure 1.1). Measures to prevent, mitigate, or
even repair flow slides are costly. Due to the complexity of flow slides, methods that enable an
accurate quantitative risk assessment are under-developed, especially compared to methods
currently available for other failure mechanisms (e.g. piping below the dike or macro-instability
of the dike body).

Flow Slide: description of processes

Flow slide is a complex failure mechanism that includes both soil mechanical and hydraulic
features, of which the elementary ones are depicted in the flow chart in Figure 1.2. Two impor-

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tant physical (sub-)mechanisms are static soil liquefaction (verwekingsvloeiing) and breaching
(bresvloeiing). For most of the documented cases of flow slides it is not clear to what extent
static soil liquefaction and/or breaching played a role. Both mechanisms result in a flowing
sand-water mixture, that eventually resediments under a very gentle slope.

Figure 1.2: Processes possibly involved in a flow slide

Static liquefaction entails the sudden loss of strength of loosely packed saturated sand or
silt, which may result in a sudden collapse of the sand body. Contrary to "ordinary" slope
failure, in which a clear rupture surface can be distinguished over which the instable soil mass
slides while staying more or less intact, in a liquefaction flow slide the instable mass of sand
(or silt) flows laminar like a viscous fluid.

Unlike liquefaction, breaching only takes place at the soil surface: a local steep part of the
slope retrogresses upslope and generates a turbulent sand-water mixture flow over the sand
surface of the under water slope. If the mixture carries enough sand and if the local slope is
steep enough, the thickness of the mixture will grow by erosion of the sand surface. Although
strongly dependent on the properties of the sand or silt, a breaching flow slide in general takes
much more time (several hours) than a liquefaction flow slide (several minutes).

Regardless of the mechanisms involved, a flow slide needs a trigger. Soil liquefaction may
be initiated by a rapid drop of outer water level, a small earthquake, or a change in geometry
by erosion or local instability, resulting in an unfavourable change of stress conditions within
the loosely packed sand or silt. Breaching requires an initial breach, which may be formed
by scour, by a local slip failure or by a local liquefaction flow slide. The triggers for both
liquefaction and breaching are presented in the top of the flow chart in Figure 1.2.

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 General Information

Figure 1.3: Resulting scar of a large flow slide (plaatval), Plaat van Walsoorden, 2014

1.2 Features in D-F LOW S LIDE

D-F LOW S LIDE is a user-friendly software tool developed for performing a safety assessment
on the failure mechanism flow slide.
The safety assessment includes a Global assessment method, which is a slightly modified
version of the method in the VTV-2006 (Rijkswaterstaat, 2007), and a probabilistic Detailed
assessment method.
Furthermore advanced models for static liquefaction (SLIQ2D, see Van den Ham (2009)) and
breach flow (HMBreach, see Tabak (2011) and Mastbergen (2009)) have been implemented.

1.3 Minimum System Requirements

The following minimum system requirements are needed in order to install and run the pro-
gram D-F LOW S LIDE:
 Operations systems
Windows 7
 

Windows 10
 Hardware specifications
1 GHz Intel Pentium processor or equivalent
   

512 MB of RAM
500 MB free hard disk space
SVGA videokaart, 1024 x 768 pixels, high colors (16 bits)

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Registered users can download the program D-F LOW S LIDE from the download portal of
Deltares, by using a password.

1.4 D-F LOW S LIDE and DAM

A preliminary link between D-F LOW S LIDE and the software DAM has been established. Im-
plementation in DAM makes it possible to do automated calculations with D-F LOW S LIDE.
This makes it possible to perform scenario analysis, e.g. for evaluating the influence of dif-
ferent (stochastic) subsoil scenario’s or evaluating the safety against flow slides for predicted
changes of the foreland geometry due to erosion or sedimentation.
This is important information for policy makers.
Flow slide is a failure mode of the foreland of the levee and does not necessarily directly result
in failure of the levee and therewith flooding of the hinterland.
However, failure of the foreland may induce a so-called "direct" failure mechanism of the levee,
such as overtopping and -flow, backward erosion ("piping") and macro-instability.

Since DAM includes calculation models of several direct failure modes, it is possible to cal-
culate the combined probability on a flow slide and the subsequent failure of the levee by a
"direct" failure mode.

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 2 Getting Started

2.1 Introduction
D-F LOW S LIDE has been developed specifically for geotechnical engineers. It is a tool to
perform a (semi-probabilistic) global and (probabilistic) detailed safety assessment on flow
sliding in submerged slopes in front of flood defenses. Moreover, it includes two advanced
calculation models for analyzing static liquefaction and breach flow, that can be used for a
tailor-made safety assessment, if the global and detailed assessments fail.

The graphical interfaces require just a short training period, allowing users to focus their skill
directly on the input of the geotechnical data and the subsequent evaluation of the calculated
results.

Check your input data!

Please check your input data carefully and discuss the results with Dick Mastbergen or Geeralt
van den Ham, experts on flow slides.

In Chapter 4, step for step, the major input screens and windows are explained on the basis
of a simple Tutorial (bm-1-1).
The input file can also be downloaded and used if you have a legal version of the program.

2.2 Installation
If you have Administrator privileges you will be able to use the default directory
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Deltares\D-Flow Slide\" to install D-F LOW S LIDE.

If not or getting a message that only an administrator can install D-F LOW S LIDE, please select
an other directory with read/write permission: For example use:
"D:\Deltares\D-Flow Slide\".

To un-install the program, you need Administrator privileges. The templates files in your per-
sonal profile directory will not be removed.

An alternative way, if you do not have administrator privileges, is just remove the directory of
the program and remove program from the "Start" menu.

Figure 2.1: D-Flow Slide Setup window

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2.3 Main Window

When D-F LOW S LIDE is started for the first time, the main window is displayed with a default
project as shown in Figure 2.2: a channel of 25 m deep and a dike of 5 m height with three
soil layers (dike clay, sand and clay) and all the characteristic points needed to perform a
calculation.

Figure 2.2: D-Flow Slide main window with a new project

This window contains a menu bar (section 2.3.1), an icon bar (section 2.3.2), a Cross Section
window (section 2.3.3) that displays a new or most recently accessed project, a Tables window
(section 2.3.4) and a Properties window (section 2.3.5).

The caption of the main window of D-F LOW S LIDE displays the program name, followed by
the project name. When a new file is created, no project name is displayed.

2.3.1 Menu bar

The input windows can be found at the Menu bar.

2.3.2 Icon bar

2.3.3 Cross section

2.3.4 Tables

2.3.5 Properties

2.4 Files
The Project file of D-F LOW S LIDE has the extension *.fsx and it has the following characteris-
tics:
 It is a XML-file

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 Getting Started

 It contains all input data with the problem definition. The Project file can be reused in
subsequent analysis (Please use "Save as" to save each alternative calculation)
 After a calculation has been performed, all output data will also be stored into the current
Project file.

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 3 User Interface
This chapter describes the different windows of the User Interface:
 Section 3.1 "General" describes the general windows
 Section 3.2 "Input" describes the input windows
 Section 3.3 "Validation and Calculation" describes how to perform a calculation
 Section 3.4 "Results" describes the output windows
 Section 3.5 "Charts" describes the output charts

3.1 General

3.1.1 File menu

Besides the familiar Windows options for opening and saving files, the File menu contains a
number of options specific to D-F LOW S LIDE.
 New
Select this option to create a new default geometry composed of a channel of 25 m deep
and a clay dike of 5 m height.
 Import – From DAM csv Files
Select this option to import a soil profile, a surface line and its corresponding characteristic
points from a set of three DAM csv files.

Figure 3.1: Import from DAM csv files

3.1.2 Tools menu

On the menu bar, click Tools and then choose Options to open the corresponding input win-
dow. In this window, the user can determine whether a project should be opened or initiated
when the program is started.

Last project Each time D-F LOW S LIDE is started, the last project that has been worked
on is opened automatically.
New project A new project is created with a default geometry, soil profile and character-
istic points, as shown in Figure 2.2.
Note: This option is ignored when the program is started by double-clicking
an input file.

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Figure 3.2: Settings window

3.1.3 Help menu

Use the Website option from the Help menu to open the website of D-F LOW S LIDE where all
kind of information about D-F LOW S LIDE can be found:
 Background information
 Test Report
 User Manual

Use the About option from the Help menu to display the About window which provides soft-
ware information (for example the version of the software).

3.2 Input
The menu Project contains the input windows for the different assessment methods

3.2.1 Project properties

The Project properties option consists of three tabs.

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 User Interface

Figure 3.3: Tabs under Project properties

Basic Enter the project titles, the date, the project ID and other information.
Models Select the assessment model(s) to be used. At least one model is required.
Four models are available:
 Global check
 Detailed check
 Advanced check for liquefaction (Sliq2D)
 Advanced check for breaching (HMBreach)
By default the Global and Detailed assessment models are used and the
Advanced models are switched off.
User mode Choose between two modes of calculation:
 The WBI mode uses the formula prescribed by WBI 2017
 The Expert mode allows the user to change the value of some parame-
ters of the Global and Detailed checks (compared to the default calcu-
lated value). This Expert mode also allows to change all the probabilis-
tic parameters of the Detailed check and all the Advanced parameters
for breach flow slide which are fixed values in the WBI mode.

3.2.2 Surface line

On the menu bar, click Project and then choose Surface line. In the Properties window at the
right side, the corresponding window appears in which the surface line of the project can be
defined.

The surface line must have ascending X-value from channel side of the embankment till the
dike top at the polder side. The riverside has to be on the left as shown in the figure below.

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Figure 3.4: Surface line

The original surface line as used in DAM or Ringtoets (WTI) contains a whole set of charac-
teristics points. Flow Slide needs a subset.

Figure 3.5: Position of the charateristic points along the surface line

The following five characteristics points are obligated in D-F LOW S LIDE with increasing x-
value.
1 Bottom river channel (B)
2 Insert river channel (C)
3 Dike toe at river (D)
4 Dike top at river (G)
5 Dike top at polder (J)

Besides the five characteristic points, additional points can be of course added to describe
the real surface line. Figure 3.6 gives an example of such a surface line. The characteristic

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 User Interface

points are displayed in large colored points in the Cross Section window compare to the other
additional points.

Figure 3.6: Surface line containing many points

By clicking on the table header X (length) of Z (height level), you can only filter the points, but
not order them.

The program checks on a malformed surface. Messages will be displayed in the "Validation
messages" window.

Importing surface line from DAM csv files

It is possible to import a soil profile and a surface line with characteristic points from DAN csv
files. For more information, refer to Figure 3.1.

3.2.3 Soils table

The Soils table for the Global and Detailed assessment method (check the filter at the Soils
tab).
The user can add or remove rows to the soil table or change the properties of the parameters
per layer.

Soil parameters for the Global and Detailed assessment method

Figure 3.7: Soils tab under Tables window for Global and Detailed assessment methods

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Soil parameters for the Advanced Liquefaction assessment method

Extra parameters has to be specified in the Soil table for the Advanced Liquefaction (Sliq2D).
Set the filter in the soil table on Advanced Liquefaction.

Figure 3.8: Soils tab under Tables window for Advance Liquefaction assessment method

Soil parameters for the Advanced Breach assessment method

Also for Advanced Breaching (HMBreach), add extra parameters in the Soils table has to be
defined.
Set the filter in the soil table on Advanced Breaching.

Figure 3.9: Soils tab under Tables window for Advanced Breach assessment methods

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Table 3.3: Definition of the soil parameters

Name Dutch name Description Symbol Unit Default (range) Model

Name Naam Material name All
Color Kleur Material color All
Soil type Grondtype Soil type is used to determine if the material is sensitive to All
liquefaction
Description Beschrijving A short description of the material can be given All
Fine diame- Fijne diame- Grain size: (D15 <D50) D15 µm 0.0 (30-2000) Global/HMBreach
ter D15 ter D15
Median Gemiddelde Median grain size (D50 > D15) D50 µm 0.0 (30-2000) Global, Detailed,
diameter diameter HMBreach
D50 D50
Friction an- Hoek van Angle of internal friction ϕ grad 0.0 (0-89) HMBreach/Sliq2D
gle inwendige
wrijving
Porosity Porositeit Porosity, note: nmin < n < nmax n – 0 (0.30-0.60) HMBreach/Sliq2D
Minimum Minimale Minimum porosity, nmin < nmax nmin – 0.00 (0.30-0.60) HMBreach/Sliq2D
porosity porositeit
Maximum Maximale Maximum porosity, nmin < nmax nmax – 0.00 (0.30-0.60) HMBreach/Sliq2D
porosity porositeit
Evoldm0 Evoldm0 Value of vol;dm at mean effective stress p0. vol;dm0 – 0.00 (0.0003-0.03) Sliq2D
Ks0 Ks0 Value of Ks at average stress p0’ Ks0 kN/m2 50000 (10000-140000) Sliq2D
s2 s2 Value of s at maximum contraction s2 – 1.30 (1.1-1.4) Sliq2D
Gamma Volume Unit weight of grains γsand kN/m3 26.50 (20-30) HMBreach/Sliq2D
grains gewicht van

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korrels
m m Parameter describing f(s), defined in equation: f(s) = A sm m – 2.00 (1.5-3.0) Sliq2D
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– B sr / (smax – s)
u u Parameter describing the influence of p’ on Ks defined in u – 1.00 (0.5-1.5) Sliq2D
equation: Ks = Ks0 (p’ / p0’)u
v v Parameter describing the influence of p’CON on voldm , v – 1.25 (0.5-1.5) Sliq2D
defined in equation: vol;dm = vol;dm0 (pCON 0 /p00 )v
r r Parameter describing f(s), defined in equation: f(s) = A sm r – 7.0 Fixed value Sliq2D
– B sr / (smax – s)
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3.2.4 Soil profile

Create the Soil profile by selecting soil layers and defining the top or bottom levels of each
layer.

Figure 3.10: Soil profile

RD-coordinates X and Y are defined to specify the position of the embankment in global
coordinates. D-F LOW S LIDE doesn’t need or use these coordinates.
The other parameters speak for themselves.

3.2.5 Additional parameters

3.2.5.1 General parameters

On the menu bar, click Project and then choose Additional parameters. In the Properties
window at the right side, select the tab General parameters to input the general parameters
of the project about Water, Revetment, Foreland, Soil and Influence zone.

Depending on the selected mode in User mode tab (section 3.2.1), the content of the General
parameters window will be different as shown in Figure 3.11.
If the Expert mode was selected, two extra parameters used for step 1a of the Global assess-
ment method can be modified compare to the WBI mode:
 the channel depth H
 the assessment level

In Expert mode, the user can still choose to use the values automatically calculated by the
WBI mode by not marking the User defined checkbox. A Global check in Expert mode with
both checkbox unmarked is therefore equivalent to a Global check in WBI mode.

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Figure 3.11: General parameters for WBI mode (left) and Expert mode (right)

The table below gives a definition of all the parameters and indicates in which model they are
used.

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Name Dutch name Description Symbol Unit Default (range) Method
Water:
Water level Niveau water The water level. Zwater m 0.00 Detailed,
HM-
Breach,
Sliq2D
Unit weight water Soortelijk gewicht water The unit weight of water. γw kN/m3 9.81 (5-15) HMBreach,
Sliq2D
Revetment (see Figure 3.12):
Revetment length Bekledingslengte vanaf Horizontal projection of the length of the revet- Mbestort m 0.00 (0-10000) Global
dike top buitenteen dijk ment, starting at dike toe at river side.
RX start bottom RX start vanaf geulbo- Start co-ordinate of the revetment at the bottom Xbestort;onder m 0.00 (-10000- Global,
revetment dem, onderste gedeelte of the channel. 10000) Detailed
van vooroever
Bottom revetment Bekledingslengte on- Horizontal projection of the length of the revet- Mbestort;onder m 0.00 (0-10000) Global,
length derste gedeelte van ment at the bottom of the channel. Detailed
vooroever
Foreland:
Artificial and non- Is er sprake van een In case of non-natural deposited slopes, both No Global
densified sandy kunstmatig onder water Global and Detailed checks FAIL and it should
foreland? aangebrachte en niet immediately be switched to the advanced meth-
verdichte zandige of ods.
siltige vooroever?
Soil:
State parameter State parameter Psi 5m Parameter describes the state of the soil and is ψ5m – 0.0000 (-10-10) Detailed
Psi 5m used in the Detailed check.
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Sand type (particle Zand type (korrelgrootte) Parameter describes the type of sand and is used in the Global check Fine sand Global
size) (breach flow criteria is step 1e).
Three types of sand are considered:
– very fine sand: D50 ≤ 200 µm and D15 ≤ 100 µm
– medium fine sand: 200 < D50 ≤ 500 µm and 100 < D15 ≤ 250 µm
– coarse sand and gravel: D50 > 500 µm and D15 > 250 µm
Distance dike toe/influence zone:
Distance dike toe / Afstand buiten dijk / in- Parameter describes the distance between the m 0.00 (0-foreland Global,
influence boundary vloedslijn dike toe and the boundary of influence zone. It length) Detailed
must always be less than the foreland length.
Expert parameters:
Channel depth Geuldiepte The channel depth H used in step 1a of the H m 0.00 (0.001- Global
Global assessment method which check if the 1000)
geometric form of the channel can lead to flow
slide damaging for the levee.
Assessment level Beoordelingsniveau The assessment level used in step 1a of the Zassess m 0.00 (0.001- Global
Global assessment method which check if the 1000)
geometric form of the channel can lead to flow
slide damaging for the levee.

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Figure 3.12: Definition of the revetment parameters

3.2.5.2 Detailed parameters

On the menu bar, click Project and then choose Additional parameters. In the Properties
window at the right side, select the tab Detailed parameters to input the parameters for the
Detailed assessment method.

This tab is visible only if the Detailed check was marked in the Models tab (section 3.2.1).

Depending on the selected mode in User mode tab (section 3.2.1), the content of the General
parameters window will be different as shown in Figure 3.11.
If the Expert mode was selected, four extra parameters can be modified compare to the WBI
mode:
 the channel depth H used for the calculation of the retrogression length
 the fictive channel height for liquefaction
 the fictive channel height for breaching
 the contribution of liquefaction

In Expert mode, the user can still choose to use the values automatically calculated by the
WBI mode by not marking the User defined checkbox. A Detailed check in Expert mode
with the four checkbox unmarked and using the default probabilistic parameters is therefore
equivalent to a Detailed check in WBI mode.

D-F LOW S LIDE applies a stochastic distribution for the four following parameters used for the
calculation of the retrogression length L of the damage profile (see also Figure 3.14):
 Ratio between the height of the upper steep part (D) and the channel height (H)
 The slope of the lower part (cotan γ )
 The slope of the upper part (cotan β )
 The area ratio (c = Area2 / Area1)

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When using the WBI mode, these four probabilistic parameters are fixed, only the Mean value
of the Area ratio can be modified, whereas when using the Expert mode, all the probabilistic
parameters can be modified.

Figure 3.13: Detailed parameters for WBI mode (left) and Expert mode (right)

Note: Since version 16.1, the Allowable probability of failure is no longer an input parameter.
Consequently, no decision can be made whether or not the method meets its failure criteria.

The table below gives a definition of all the parameters.

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Name Dutch name Description Symbol Unit Default + (range)
Area ratio Gebiedsratio Mean value of the area ratio c = Area2 / Area1 c – 1.40 (1-5)
where Area1 adn Area2 are the are of the upper
and lower parts respectively.
Considered dike Beschouwde dijk Length of the dike section Ltrajectlengte m 0.00 (1-10000)
length lengte
Migration velocity Migratie snelheid Migration velocity of the foreland Vmig m/year 0.00000 (0.0001-100)
vooroever
Cohesive layers Cohesieve lagen Factor which evaluates the presence of cohesive Fcohesive layers – 1.00 (0-100)
factor factor layers or peat layers within the sand body. Cohesive
and peat layers start to play a role if their (individ-
ual) thickness is larger than 0,5 m (CUR113, 2008).
If their thickness exceeds 5 m it can be assumed in
most situations the breach will be stopped.
The following values are proposed:
– Virtually no cohesive and/or peat layers (thickness
cohesive layers < 0.5 m), then Fcohesive layers = 1/3
– Small number of cohesive and/or peat layers
(0.5 m < thickness cohesive layers < 5 m), then
Fcohesive layers = 1
– Large number of cohesive and/or peat lay-
ers(thickness cohesive layers > 5 m), then
Fcohesive layers = 3
Relative height up- Relatieve hoogte Ratio between the height of the upper steep part (D) D/H
per part bovenste deel and the channel height (H).
Mean Gemiddelde – 0.43 (fixed value)
Standard deviation Standaard afwijk- – 0.060 (fixed value)
ing
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Distribution Verspreiding Normal (fixed)

Slope lower part Helling laagste The slope of the lower part. cotan γ
deel
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Mean Gemiddelde – 16.80 (fixed value)

Standard deviation Standaard afwijk- – 7.100 (fixed value)
ing
Distribution Verspreiding Log normal (fixed)
Slope upper steep Helling bovenste The slope of the upper steep part. cotan β
part steile deel
Mean Gemiddelde – 2.90 (fixed value)
Standard deviation Standaard afwijk- – 7.70 (fixed value)
ing
Distribution Verspreiding Log normal (fixed)
Area ratio Gebiedsratio The area ratio: c = Area2 / Area1 c
Mean Gemiddelde – 1.40 (1-5)
Standard deviation Standaard afwijk- – 0.10 (fixed value)
ing
Distribution Verspreiding Normal (fixed)

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Figure 3.14: Definition of parameters D , H , β , γ , Area 1 and Area 2 for the probabilistic
calculation of the retrogression length L

3.2.5.3 Advanced parameters liquefaction flow slide (Sliq2D)

On the menu bar, click Project and then choose Additional parameters. In the Properties
window at the right side, select the tab Advanced parameters liquefaction flow slide (Sliq2D)
to input the parameters needed for the Advanced Liquefaction assessment method.

This tab is visible only if the Advanced check for liquefaction (Sliq2D) was marked in the
Models tab (section 3.2.1).

Figure 3.15: Advanced parameters liquefaction flow slide (Sliq2D)

The table below gives a definition of all the parameters.

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Name Dutch name Description Symbol Unit Default (range)

Saturation rate Verzadigings graad Degree of saturation Sr – 1 (fixed value)
Grid points X Aantal rasterpun- Number of points in the grid in the X direction – 20 (2-100)
ten X
Grid points Y Aantal rasterpun- Number of points in the grid in the Y direction – 20 (2-100)
ten Y
Fill holes Vul gaten If true, D-F LOW S LIDE considers the stable points True
surrounded with unstable points as unstable. (fixed
value)

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3.2.5.4 Advanced parameters breach flow slide (HMBreach)

On the menu bar, click Project and then choose Additional parameters. In the Properties
window at the right side, select the tab Advanced parameters breach flow slide (HMBreach)
to input the parameters for the Advanced breach flow assessment method.

This tab is visible only if the Advanced breach flow check was marked in the Models tab
(section 3.2.1).

Depending on the selected mode in User mode tab (section 3.2.1), the content of the Ad-
vanced parameters breach flow slide (HMBreach) window will be different as shown in Fig-
ure 3.16.
When using the WBI mode, many parameters are fixed, whereas when using the Expert
mode, all the parameters can be modified.

The table below gives a definition of all the parameters.

Figure 3.16: Advanced parameters breach flow slide (HMBreach) for WBI mode (left) and
Expert mode (right)

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Name Dutch name Description Symbol Unit Default (range)

Initial conditions of upper layer:
Froude number Froude getal The Froude number. F – 2 (1.1-4)
Concentration Concentratie The concentration. C % 12 (10-40)
Retrogression Walsnelheid (This is not an input but an output value only available after a vwal m/s
velocity calculation) The calculated retrogression velocity.
Minimum initializa- Minimale initiele The minimum initialization height. m 0.1 (0.1-5.0)
tion height hoogte
Maximum initializa- Maximale initiele The maximum initialization height. m 2.5 (0.1-5.0)
tion height hoogte
Interval Interval The interval. m 0.01 (0.1-1.0)
Approval criterion:
Ratio sand trans- Verhouding Ratio between the sand transport at the toe and the sand RatioZV – 10 (1-100)
port zandtransport transport at the top of a sand cluster, indicating if the con-
sidered initialization height is sufficient to produce a breach
flow slide, characterized by a strongly increasing sand trans-
port rate along the slope. The minimal initialization height for
which this is the case is defined as the critical height.
Allowable critical Toelaatbare If the critical initialization height is higher than the allowable hallowable m 1.0 (−∞/+∞)
height kritische begin- critical height, the slope is safe. If not, it means that the prob-
hoogte ability that a breach flow slide will occur is high.
Physical constants:
a_1_n0 a_1_n0 Constant in erosion formula. – 1.0 (0.5-1.5)
Aeros Aeros Constant in erosion formula. A – 0.012 (0.01-0.03)
Beros Beros Constant in erosion formula. B – 1.3 (1-2)
◦
temp temp Water temperature. Defines viscosity, fall velocity and perme- T C 15.0 (0.0-30.0)

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ability.
dn dn Porosity increase during dilatancy. dn – 0.04 (0.02-0.10)
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f0 f0 Darcy-Weisbach bed friction coefficient. f0 – 0.10 (0.01-0.15)

fki fki Ratio of bed to internal friction. fki – 0.333 (0.1-0.5)
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i i Hydraulic gradient. i – 0 (0-1)
rk3 rk3 Constant in entrainment model. rk3 – 0.0015 (0.001-0.002)
g g The acceleration gravity. g m/s2 9.81236 (9.7-10)
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3.3 Validation and Calculation

When all parameters have been specified, start the calculation by using the blue arrow-head
in the menu bar or press the key F9.

If one of the parameters is out of range or missing, a validation message will be given in the
table window Validation messages.

Figure 3.17: Validation messages

When no errors are found, the results are available under the Results menu.
In this version there is no extended report of the results.

3.4 Results

3.4.1 Overall results

In this case both the Global check fails and Detailed check passes. However, since a very fine
sand was selected, the detailed check is formally not applicable. For this reason the overall
result gives a warning.

Figure 3.18: Overall results

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3.4.2 Global results

Use the tab Global results to see the results.
The method itself is described in details in the Background section on the website.

Figure 3.19: Global results

3.4.3 Detailed results

Use the tab Detailed results to see the results. The Detailed check is described in detail in the
Background section on the website.

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Figure 3.20: Detailed results

3.4.4 Advanced liquefaction results

On the menu bar, click Results and then choose Advanced Liquefaction (Sliq2D) to view the
results of the Advanced Liquefaction check. This option is available only if the Advanced
check for liquefaction (Sliq2D) was marked in the Models tab (section 3.2.1).

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Figure 3.21: Advanced liquefaction results

To copy the table of results, click on one of the cells, press Ctrl+A to select all the cells and
then Ctrl+C to copy them. Then, using Ctrl+V, you can paste the table in an Excel sheet for
example.

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3.4.5 Advanced breach flow results

On the menu bar, click Results and then choose Advanced Breach Flow Slide (HMBreach) to
view the results of the Advanced breach flow check. This tab is visible only if the Advanced
breach flow check was marked in the Models tab (section 3.2.1).

Figure 3.22: Advanced breach flow results

To copy the table of results, click on one of the cells, press Ctrl+A to select all the cells and
then Ctrl+C to copy them. Then, using Ctrl+V, you can paste the table in an Excel sheet for
example.

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3.5 Charts
Depending on the selected assessment methods in Project Properties (section 3.2.1), the
number of charts displayed in the results will vary: two charts for the Global models and one
chart for each other models. Therefore, if only the Global and Detailed models are selected,
three charts. If later the Liquefaction or/and Breach flow models are also selected, then
four/five charts will be shown.
Figure 3.23 shows the five charts displayed when the four models are selected.

Figure 3.23: Charts window when the four models are selected

For each chart, when right-clicking on the mouse, a menu with two options appears (see
Figure 3.24 below):
 Select Copy to copy the chart in the clipboard and paste it in an other document
 Select Save as ... to save the chart in different formats (PNG, JPEG, BMP, GIF) and re-use
it in an other document

Figure 3.24: Options menu of the chart

3.5.1 Charts for Global check

The Global check is exclusively based on geometric characteristics of the under water slope
and levee. As a result of the Global calculation, two charts are shown in the Charts tab:

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 The chart "Global - Liquefaction" visualizes the check whether a flow slide leads to unac-
ceptable damage to the levee (step 1a).
The dark green horizontal dotted line represents the assessment level;
The light green dotted line represents the observation profile (called "signaler-
ingsprofiel" in Dutch).
On the assessment level, if the actual slope lies landward of the observation
profile, this means that a flow slide does lead to unacceptable damage to the levee; the
label of the chart is colored in red.
On the assessment level, if the observation profile lies lies landward of the
actual slope, this means that a flow slide is not possible; the label of the chart is colored
in green.
 The chart "Global - Breach flow (step 1e)" shows whether a breach flow slide may occur
or not at step 1e of the Global assessment.
The light green dotted line represents the critical slope.
A breach flow slide can occur if the actual slope lies landward of the
green dotted line; the label of the chart is colored in red.
A breach flow slide can’t occur if the green dotted line lies landward of
the actual slope; the label of the chart is colored in green.

Note: In the situation presented in Figure 3.25, the green dotted line lies landward of the
actual slope however the label "Global - Breach flow (step 1e)" is red. The reason is that the
sand has been indicated to be very fine in the General parameters (section 3.2.5.1). In this
case, the breach flow check cannot be excluded based on these geometric criteria only and
an advanced analysis in HMBreach should be performed.

Figure 3.25: Charts after a Global check

3.5.2 Chart for Detailed check

As a result of the Detailed calculation, one chart is shown in the Charts tab (Figure 3.26).
The light green dotted line represents the fictive profile.

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The red dotted line represents the damage profile. The coordinates of the different
points of this damage profile can be found in the Detailed results tab (section 3.4.3).

Figure 3.26: Charts after a Detailed check

3.5.3 Chart for Advanced Liquefaction check

As a result of the Advanced Liquefaction calculation, one chart is shown in the Charts tab
(Figure 3.27).
The light green dotted line represents the fictive profile.
The orange dotted line represents the fictive profile.
A green point in the under water slope is a "metastable" point, indicating that liquefaction
is very unlikely.
A red point in the under water slope is an "unstable" point, indicating that liquefaction is
possible.

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Figure 3.27: Chart after an Advanced Liquefaction (Sliq2D) check

3.5.4 Chart for Advanced Breaching check

As a result of the Advanced Breach flow calculation, one chart is shown in the Charts tab
(Figure 3.28).

The Advanced Breach flow graph shows the sand transport rate along the sand slope (as a
function of horizontal distance from the top of the slope), in the case an initial disturbance
(initiation height) occurs. One graph is displayed for each cluster of sand layers. Depending
on slope geometry and sand properties the HMBreach module in D-F LOW S LIDE computes
at which initiation height an erosive self accelerating turbidity current develops that can result
in retrogressive breach flow slide damaging the fore shore. If this initiation height is lower than
the most probable value for an accidental slope disturbance (called the allowable initiation
height), the slope geometry is considered susceptible to breach flow slide. The line in the
graph increases in horizontal direction (to the left) in that case.

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Figure 3.28: Chart after an Advanced Breach flow (HMBreach) check

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 4 Tutorial
This tutorial describes and explains all input fields for the different assessment methods avail-
able in D-F LOW S LIDE:
 From Section 4.1 until Section 4.7, the standard assessment methods Global and De-
tailed;
 In Section 4.8, the Advanced assessment methods.

This tutorial is based on the example given in "Annex A - Case Study" of the Deltares report
1200503-001-GEO-0004 "Concept Technisch Rapport Voorland Zettingsvloeiing" of G.A. van
den Ham & Co.

4.1 Assessment methods in D-Flow Slide

The input windows can be found at the Menu bar.

The menu Project contains the input windows for the different assessment methods. However,
the soil parameters per layer has to be added in the Soil table. By default the Global and
Detailed assessment method are used and the advanced models are switched off.

The properties of the "Project properties" consists of three tabs:

 Tab Basic: you can enter Project titles, Project ID and other information.
 Tab Models: you can select or deselect the models. At lease one model is required.
 Tab User Mode: refer to section 3.2.1.

4.2 Surface line

The basic of the program is the Surface line.

The user has to create a surface line with ascending x-value from channel side of the em-
bankment till the dike top at the polder side.
The riverside has to be on the left as shown in the figure below.

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The original surface line as used in DAM or Ringtoets (WTI) contains a whole set of charac-
teristics points. Flow Slide needs a subset.

Please enter your Surface line by using points B, C, D, G and J.

The following 5 characteristics points are obligated in D-FlowSlide with increasing x-value.
1 Bottom river channel (B)
2 Insert river channel (C)
3 Dike toe at river (D)
4 Dike top at river (G)
5 Dike top at polder (J)

Figure 4.1: Input screen for the coordinates L and Z and the characteristic points

You may, of course add additional points to describe the real surface line.

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By clicking on the table header X (length) of Z (height level), you can only filter the points, but
not order them.

The program checks on a malformed surface.

Messages will be displayed in the window "Validation messages".

4.3 Soil table

The Soils table for the Global and Detailed assessment method (check the filter at the
Soils).

The user can add or remove rows to the soil table or change the properties of the parameters
per layer.

See section 3.2.3 for a complete description of these parameters.

4.4 Soil profile

Create the Soil profile by selecting soil layers and defining the top or bottom levels of
each layer.

Figure 4.2: Input screen for the sets of parameters

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RD-coordinates X and Y are defined to specify the position of the embankment in global
coordinates.
D-F LOW S LIDE doesn’t need or use these coordinates.

The other parameters speak for themselves.

4.5 General parameters for Global and Detailed checks

Add additional parameters for the Global and Detailed assessment method.

Figure 4.3: Input screen for the 5 sets of parameters: Water, Revetment, Foreland, Soil
and Influence zone

Note: The state parameter ψ5m entered here is used in the Detailed check.

Refer to section 3.2.5.1 for a complete description of these parameters.

In case of non-natural deposited slopes, both Global and Detailed checks FAIL and it should
immediately be switched to the advanced methods.

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Figure 4.4: Input screen: The probabilistic parameters are fixed, only the Mean "Area
ratio" can be changed (white box)

4.6 Detailed check parameters

Probabilistic parameters for the Detailed assessment method has to be inputted.

Note: Since version 16.1, the Allowable probability of failure is no longer an input parameter.
Consequently, no decision can be made whether or not the method meets its failure criteria.

Refer to section 3.2.5.2 for a complete description of these parameters.

4.7 Calculation and Results

When all parameters have been specified, you can start the calculation by using the blue
arrow-head in the menu bar or press the key F9.

If one of the parameters is out of range or missing, a validation message will be given in the
table window "Validation messages".

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When no errors are found, the results are presented in the window "Results".
In this version there is no extended report of the results.

4.7.1 Overall results

In this case, the Global check fails and the Detailed check gives a probability of failure of 5.13
× 10−11 . However, since a very fine sand was selected, the detailed check is formally not
applicable. For this reason the overall result gives a warning.

4.7.2 Global results

Use the tab Global results to see the results.
The method itself is described in details in the Background section on the website.

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4.7.3 Detailed results

Use the tab Detailed results to see the results. The Detailed check is described in detail in the
Background section on the website.

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As a result of the Global calculation, three charts are shown:

The Global check, which is exclusively based on geometric characteristics of the under water
slope and levee, fails. The leftmost chart above visualizes the check whether a flow slide
leads to unacceptable damage to the levee (step 1a). On the assessment level (horizontal
dotted line), the actual slope lies landward of the assessment profile (green dotted line). This
means that a flow slide does lead to unacceptable damage to the levee.The middle chart
shows whether a breach flow slide may occur or not at step 1e of the Global assessment. A
breach flow slide can occur if the actual slope lies landward of the green dotted line. This is not
the case in this situation. However, the sand has been indicated to be very fine, which means
that a breach flow cannot be excluded based on these geometric criteria only. An advanced
analysis in HMBreach (Tabak, 2011; Mastbergen, 2009) should be performed. The rightmost
chart visualizes the results of the detailed check, in which also soil properties are taken into
account. The red dotted line shows the profile after flow slide occurred, corresponding with a
probability given in the tab with the detailed results (in this case 8.88E-05). In this case the
calculated probability is smaller than the acceptable probability.

However, when the detailed check is not passed, the advanced models can be used for further
analysis of the problem. In the following section the input data of the advanced models are
explained.

4.8 Advanced models

D-F LOW S LIDE includes also two advanced models for analyzing static liquefaction and breach
flow, that can be used for a tailor-made safety assessment, if the global and detailed assess-
ments fail.

Please check your input data for the advanced models carefully and discuss the results with
Dick Mastbergen or Geeralt van den Ham.

We continue the tutorial for the advanced models. For these models extra input data is needed
for the Soil table and some additional parameters for the models itself.

Main Window: The Cross Section of the problem

Select the models for Advanced liquefaction (Sliq2D) and breach flow (HMBreach) at the
menu option: Project Properties.

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After selecting the advanced models, 5 Charts window will be shown now!

4.8.1 Soil table for the advanced models

Extra parameters has to be specified in the Soil table for the Advanced Liquefaction (Sliq2D).
Set the filter in the soil table on Advanced Liquefaction.

Also for Advanced Breaching (HMBreach), add extra parameters in the Soils table has to be
defined.
Set the filter in the soil table on Advanced Breaching.

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Refer to section 3.2.3 for a complete description of these parameters.

4.8.2 Parameters for Liquefaction model

Additional parameters for Liquefaction model (Sliq2D) has to be specified.

The greyed input fields are fixed on a default value.

Input screen for the additional Sliq2D parameters

Refer to section 3.2.5.3 for a complete description of these parameters.

4.8.3 Parameters for Breach flow

Additional parameters for breach flow (HMBreach) has to be specified.

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Input screen for the 4 sets of additional HMBreach parameters.

The greyed input fields are fixed on a default value.

Only the temperature can be changed, other values cannot be adjusted.

Refer to section 3.2.5.4 for a complete description of these parameters.

4.8.4 Results advanced models

If the required parameters for the advanced models are specified, the user can restart the
calculation.
The results of all models are shown on the right screen of the program as a property screen,
as well as in two additional charts.
In this version, there is no separate report.

In this case the advanced models indicate no failure of the embankment: in the charts the
text blocks are green (whereas the results in the global and detailed check are red, indicating
failure).
According to the liquefaction model (chart left below), there are no points in the under water
slope that are "metastable", indicating that liquefaction is very unlikely.

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Sand transport per cluster in Breach flow

The Advanced Breach flow graphs shows the sand transport rate along the sand slope (as
a function of horizontal distance from the top of the slope), in the case an initial disturbance
(initiation height) occurs.

Depending on slope geometry and sand properties the HMBreach module in D Flow slide
computes at which initiation height an erosive self accelerating turbidity current develops that
can result in retrogressive breach flow slide damaging the fore shore.
If this initiation height is lower than the most probable value for an accidental slope disturbance
(called the allowable initiation height), the slope geometry is considered susceptible to breach
flow slide. (FAILS).

The line in the graph increases in horizontal direction (to the left) in that case.

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5 Literature
De Bruijn, H., G. De Vries and R. ’t Hart, 2016. “Voorschrift Toetsen op Veiligheid, Technisch
Deel (rapport 1220078-000-GEO-0009, version 2, 22 feb. 2012, definitif).”

Ham, G. van den, 2009. Statische verweking talud - Handleiding Windows versie SLIQ2D.

Mastbergen, D. R., 2009. “Oeverstabiliteit bij verdieping waterbodems - Rekenmodel HM-

Breach (Delft Cluster rapport DC 04 43 11, Sept. 2009, definitief).”

Rijkswaterstaat, 2007. Voorschrift Toetsen op Veiligheid - Primaire Waterkeringen (2006).

Rijkswaterstaat, 2012. “Handreiking Toetsen Voorland Zettingsvloeiing t.b.v. het opstellen van
het beheerdersoordeel (BO) in de verlengde derde toetsronde (Definitief).”

Rijkswaterstaat, 2016. “Regeling veiligheid primaire waterkeringen 2017 - Bijlage III Sterkte
en veiligheid.”

Tabak, F., 2011. “Analysis of Breach Flow Slides with HMBreach (Deltares report).”

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