COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

EEC242: FUNDAMENTALS OF
ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
CHAPTER 0: EEC242

By: SUH ELVICE FRU

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 ELECTRONICS
• The field of electronics is a branch of physics and electrical
engineering that deals with the emission, behavior and effects of
electrons using electronic devices.
• Electronics uses active devices to control electron flow by
amplification and rectification, which distinguishes it from classical
electrical engineering, which only uses passive effects such as
resistance, capacitance and inductance to control electric current
flow.
• Electronics has hugely influenced the development of modern society.
The central driving force behind the entire electronics industry is the
semiconductor industry sector, which has annual sales of over $481
billion as of 2018. The largest industry sector is e-commerce, which
generated over $29 trillion in 2017.
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Mechanical versus renewable energy

FIELDS ILLUSTRATIONS
• MECATRONICS
Mechatronics is a
multidisciplinary field of
engineering that integrates
mechanical, electrical, computer,
and robotics engineering to create
intelligent and automated systems
• RENEWABLE APPLICATIONS

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 AN ELECTRONIC COMPONENT
• An electronic component is any component in an electronic system
either active or passive.
• Components are connected together, usually by being soldered to a
printed circuit board (PCB), to create an electronic circuit with a
particular function.
• Components may be packaged singly, or in more complex groups as
integrated circuits.
• Passive electronic components are capacitors, inductors, resistors,
whilst active components are such as semiconductor devices;
transistors and thyristors, which control current flow at electron level.

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Active and passive electronic components
• Active compoenent • Passive Components:
Definition: Definition:
• Active components are electronic devices that • Passive components do not require an external
require an external power source to operate and power source to operate and primarily store,
can control or amplify electrical signals. dissipate, or filter energy.
Function: Function:
• They can amplify signals, switch currents, and • They can store energy (capacitors, inductors), resist
perform complex processing tasks. current flow (resistors), or filter signals.
Examples: Examples:
• Transistors, diodes, operational amplifiers (op- • Resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers, and
amps), and integrated circuits (ICs). diodes (when used for simple rectification).
Role: Role:
• Active components are crucial for signal • Passive components are essential for energy
processing, amplification, and control in electronic management, signal filtering, and maintaining
circuits. circuit stability.

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 Types of electronics circuits
• Electronic circuit functions can be divided into two function groups:
analog and digital.
• A particular device may consist of circuitry that has either or a mix of
the two types. Analog circuits are becoming less common, as many of
their functions are being digitized.
• However, the digital world was born from the analog one.
• Electronic circuits are broadly categorized as analog or digital, based
on the type of signals they process: analog circuits handle continuous
signals, while digital circuits work with discrete signals (0s and 1s)

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Analog Circuits: Digital Circuits:

Signal Representation: Signal Representation:

• Digital circuits deal with discrete signals,
• Analog circuits process continuous typically represented as 0s and 1s (binary).
signals, meaning the values can vary Examples:
smoothly over time.
• Logic gates (AND, OR, NOT), microprocessors,
Examples: microcontrollers, and digital storage devices.
• Amplifiers, filters, oscillators, and Applications:
sensors that measure physical • Computing, data processing, communication
quantities like temperature or systems, and digital control systems.
pressure. Components:
Applications: • Transistors, logic gates, microprocessors, and
• Audio amplification, radio integrated circuits (ICs).
transmission, control systems, and • Mixed-Signal Circuits:
instrumentation. Definition:
Components: • These circuits combine both analog and
• Resistors, capacitors, inductors, digital components to handle a wide range of
signals.
transistors, and diodes.
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Usefulness of electronics to MET and REN

Mechanical Engineering
Control Systems:
• Electronics enable precise control of mechanical systems through
sensors and actuators, enhancing automation and efficiency.
Smart Materials:
• Integration of electronic components with smart materials allows for
adaptive structures and devices that respond to environmental
changes.
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 MECHNAICAL
Simulation and Design:
• Electronic tools facilitate advanced simulations (e.g., CAD software)
for designing and testing mechanical components, reducing time and
costs.
Robotics:
• Electronics are essential in robotics for controlling movements,
processing data, and enabling communication between machines.
Data Acquisition:
• Sensors collect data on mechanical performance, which can be
analyzed to improve designs and operations.

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 RENEWABLE ENERGY
• Energy Conversion Technologies:
• Inverters and Converters: Electronics are crucial for converting
renewable energy (solar, wind, hydro) into usable electrical energy,
ensuring compatibility with the grid.
• Efficiency Improvements: Advanced electronic components improve
the efficiency of energy conversion processes.

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 RENEWABLE ENERGY
Smart Grids and Energy Management:
• Real-time Monitoring: Electronics in smart grids allow for real-time
monitoring and management of energy distribution, optimizing
efficiency and reliability.
• Demand Response: Automated systems can adjust energy usage
based on supply and demand, enhancing grid stability.

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 RENEWABLE ENERGY
Energy Storage Systems:
• Battery Management: Electronics manage charging and discharging of
batteries, optimizing performance and lifespan, which is vital for
renewable energy systems.
• Integration with Renewables: Efficient management of energy storage
allows for better integration of intermittent renewable sources.

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 RENEWABLE ENERGY
Research and Development:
• Innovative Solutions: Electronic modeling and simulation tools
facilitate the development of new renewable technologies, such as
improved solar panels and wind turbines.
• Performance Testing: Electronics enable rigorous testing of renewable
energy systems under various conditions, ensuring reliability and
effectiveness.

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 RENEWABLE ENERGY
Integration with Smart Technologies:
• Home Automation: Smart home systems utilize electronics to
efficiently manage energy consumption from renewable sources,
enhancing energy savings.
• IoT Applications: Internet of Things (IoT) devices monitor and
optimize energy usage, contributing to more sustainable practices.

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