(Ebook) Understanding Pharmacology: Essentials

for Medication Safety by M. Linda Workman; Linda

A. LaCharity ISBN 9781455739769, 1455739766
download
https://ebooknice.com/product/understanding-pharmacology-
essentials-for-medication-safety-10009992

Explore and download more ebooks at ebooknice.com

Here are some recommended products that we believe you will be
interested in. You can click the link to download.

(Ebook) Understanding pharmacology: essentials for medication safety

by LaCharity, Linda A.;Workman, M. Linda ISBN 9780323339216,
0323339212

https://ebooknice.com/product/understanding-pharmacology-essentials-
for-medication-safety-11652064

(Ebook) Prioritization, Delegation, and Assignment: Practice Exercises

for the NCLEX-RN® Examination by Linda A. LaCharity, Candice K.
Kumagai, Shirley M. Hosler ISBN 9780323683166, 0323683169

https://ebooknice.com/product/prioritization-delegation-and-
assignment-practice-exercises-for-the-nclex-rn-examination-48750438

(Ebook) Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional

Collaborative Care by Donna D. Ignatavicius, M. Linda Workman, Cherie
Rebar ISBN 9780323461795, 0323461794

https://ebooknice.com/product/medical-surgical-nursing-concepts-for-
interprofessional-collaborative-care-11729162

(Ebook) Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional

Collaborative Care, Single Volume by Donna D. Ignatavicius; M. Linda
Workman; Cherie Rebar ISBN 9780323444194, 0323444199

https://ebooknice.com/product/medical-surgical-nursing-concepts-for-
interprofessional-collaborative-care-single-volume-10019698
(Ebook) Prioritization, Delegation, and Assignment - E-Book by Linda
A. LaCharity & Candice K. Kumagai & Barbara Bartz ISBN 9780323683173,
0323683177, B094NW2SYH

https://ebooknice.com/product/prioritization-delegation-and-
assignment-e-book-45138696

(Ebook) UNDERSTANDING COLOR: An Introduction for Designers by Linda

Holtzschue

https://ebooknice.com/product/understanding-color-an-introduction-for-
designers-56646796

(Ebook) Pharmacology: A Patient-Centered Nursing Process Approach by

Linda E. McCuistion ISBN 9780323642477, 0323642470

https://ebooknice.com/product/pharmacology-a-patient-centered-nursing-
process-approach-34833194

(Ebook) Letters from Linda M. Montano by Linda M Montano ISBN

9780203022139, 9780415339438, 0203022130, 041533943X

https://ebooknice.com/product/letters-from-linda-m-montano-1961262

(Ebook) Letters from Linda M. Montano by Linda Montano, Jennie Klein

ISBN 0415339421

https://ebooknice.com/product/letters-from-linda-m-montano-2361782
Understanding Pharmacology

Essentials for Medication Safety

2 EDITION

M. Linda Workman, PhD, RN, FAAN

Linda LaCharity, PhD, RN

2
Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

Dedication

About the Authors

Reviewers and Advisory Board

Preface
Chapter Organization

Learner-Friendly Instructional Design

Teaching and Learning Package

Acknowledgments

Special Features

Unit I General Aspects of Pharmacology

Chapter 1 Drug Regulation, Actions, and Responses

Drug Therapy

Ways in Which Drugs Affect the Body (Pharmacodynamics)

How the Body Uses and Changes Drugs (Pharmacokinetics)

Life Span Considerations

Drug Interactions

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 2 Safely Preparing and Giving Drugs

Overview

The Eight Rights of Safe Drug Administration

Types and Interpretation of Drug Orders

3
 Drug Errors

Principles of Administering Drugs

Giving Enteral Drugs

Giving Parenteral Drugs

Giving Percutaneous Drugs

Get Ready for Practice!

Unit II Mathematics for Pharmacology and Dosage Calculation

Chapter 3 Mathematics Review and Introduction to Dosage Calculation

Why Do Health Professionals Need Mathematics?

Math Check

Getting Started

Talking About Numbers: A Whole Number Versus a Part of a Number

Solving Dosage and Calculation Problems

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 4 Medical Systems of Weights and Measures

Overview

Math Check

Measuring Systems Temperature: Fahrenheit and Celsius

Apothecary System for Drug Measurements

Household System for Liquid and Dry Measurements

Two-Step Drug Dosage Calculations

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 5 Dosage Calculation of Intravenous Solutions and Drugs

Overview

Get Ready for Practice!

Unit III Pharmacology for Multisystem Application

Chapter 6 Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology

Types of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 7 Drugs for Pain Control

Pain

Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology

4
 General Issues Related to Analgesic Drug Therapy

Opioids (Narcotics)

Nonopioid Pain-Control Drugs

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 8 Anti-Infectives: Antibacterial Drugs

Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology

Antibacterial Therapy

General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy

Types of Antibacterial Drugs

Antibacterial Drug Resistance

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 9 Anti-Infectives: Antiviral Drugs

Viral Infection

Retroviral Infection

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 10 Anti-Infectives: Antitubercular and Antifungal Drugs

Tuberculosis

Fungal Infections

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 11 Drugs That Affect the Immune System

Overview of the Immune System and Immunity

Immunosuppressive Therapy

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 12 Anticancer Drugs

Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology

Types of Cancer Treatment

Get Ready for Practice!

Unit IV Drug Therapy for Endocrine Problems

Chapter 13 Drug Therapy for Diabetes

Overview

Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology

Types of Drugs for Diabetes

Get Ready for Practice!

5
Chapter 14 Drug Therapy for Thyroid and Adrenal Gland Problems
Overview

Hypothyroidism

Hyperthyroidism

Adrenal Gland Hypofunction

Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction

Get Ready for Practice!

Unit V Drug Therapy for Problems of the Circulatory and Cardiac

Systems

Chapter 15 Drugs That Affect Urine Output

Diuretics

Overactive Bladder

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 16 Drug Therapy for Hypertension

Overview

Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology

General Issues for Antihypertensive Therapy

Types of Antihypertensive Drugs

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 17 Drug Therapy for Heart Failure

Overview

Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology

Treatment for Heart Failure

General Issues in Heart Failure Therapy

Types of Drugs Used to Treat Heart Failure

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 18 Drug Therapy for Dysrhythmias

Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology

General Issues Related to Antidysrhythmic Therapy

Types of Antidysrhythmic Drugs

Drugs for Tachydysrhythmias

Unclassified Antidysrhythmic Drugs

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 19 Drug Therapy for High Blood Lipids

Overview

6
 Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology

General Issues for Antihyperlipidemic Therapy

Types of Lipid-Lowering Drugs

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 20 Drugs That Affect Blood Clotting

Overview

Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology

General Issues for Anticoagulant Therapy

Types of Drugs That Affect Blood Clotting

Get Ready for Practice!

Unit VI Drug Therapy for Respiratory System Problems

Chapter 21 Drug Therapy for Asthma and Other Respiratory Problems

Overview

Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology

Types of Drugs for Asthma and COPD

Other Serious Respiratory Disorders

Types of Drug Therapy for Pulmonary Artery Hypertension

Get Ready for Practice!

Unit VII Drug Therapy for Gastrointestinal System Problems

Chapter 22 Drug Therapy for Gastrointestinal Problems

Overview

Nausea and Vomiting

Constipation

Diarrhea

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 23 Drug Therapy for Gastric Ulcers and Reflux

Overview

Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology

General Issues for Drugs for PUD and GERD

Types of Drugs for PUD and GERD

Other Drugs Used to Treat Ulcers

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 24 Drug Therapy with Nutritional Supplements

7
 Overview

Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology

Get Ready for Practice!

Unit VIII Drug Therapy for Nervous System Problems

Chapter 25 Drug Therapy for Seizures

Overview

Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology

Treatment of Seizures

Types of Antiseizure Drugs

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 26 Drug Therapy for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases

Overview

Alzheimer's Disease

Parkinson's Disease

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 27 Drug Therapy for Psychiatric Problems

Overview

Depression

Anxiety

Psychosis

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 28 Drug Therapy for Insomnia

Insomnia

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 29 Drug Therapy for Eye Problems

Overview

Review of Related Physiology and Pathophysiology

General Issues for Local Eye Drug Therapy

Types of Drugs for Glaucoma

Get Ready for Practice!

Unit IX Drug Therapy for Problems of the Musculoskeletal System

Chapter 30 Drug Therapy for Osteoporosis, Arthritis, and Skeletal Muscle Relaxation

8
 The Musculoskeletal System

Osteoporosis

Arthritis

Muscle Spasms

Get Ready for Practice!

Unit X Drug Therapy for Problems of the Reproductive System

Chapter 31 Drug Therapy for Male Reproductive Problems

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Get Ready for Practice!

Chapter 32 Drug Therapy for Female Reproductive Issues

Menopause

Contraception

Get Ready for Practice!

Appendix A Medication Administration Skills*

Bibliography

Index

The Joint Commission's Official “Do Not Use” List*

9
Copyright

3251 Riverport Lane

St. Louis, Missouri 63043

UNDERSTANDING PHARMACOLOGY: ESSENTIALS FOR MEDICATION SAFETY, SECOND

EDITION ISBN: 978-1-4557-3976-9
Copyright © 2016, by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek
permission, further information about the Publisher's permissions policies and our arrangements
with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency,
can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.

This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the
Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience
broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical
treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in
evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In
using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of
others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the
most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each
product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration
of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their
own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the
best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors,
assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products
liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products,
instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

Previous edition copyrighted 2011.

International Standard Book Number: 978-1-4557-3976-9

Senior Content Strategist: Nancy O'Brien

Content Development Manager: Ellen Wurm-Cutter, Laurie Gower
Content Development Specialist: Heather Rippetoe, Laura Goodrich
Publishing Services Manager: Jeff Patterson
Senior Project Manager: Jodi M. Willard
Design Direction: Renee Duenow

Printed in the United States of America

10
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

11
Dedication

To David, Emmy, and Violet, who complete my rainbow.

M. Linda Workman

To my mother, the late Routh Annette Jenkins. An extraordinary woman and the inspiration for
my research and the shaping of my career.
Linda LaCharity

12
About the Authors
M. Linda Workman, a native of Canada, received her BSN from the University of Cincinnati
College of Nursing and Health. She later earned her MSN and a PhD in Developmental Biology
from the University of Cincinnati. Linda's more than 30 years of academic experience include
teaching at the diploma, associate degree, baccalaureate, and master's levels. Her areas of teaching
expertise include medical-surgical nursing, pharmacology, physiology, and pathophysiology. Linda
has been called the “Mr. Rogers” of nursing education for her ability to creatively present complex
physiologic concepts in a manner that promotes student retention of the information. She has been
recognized nationally for her teaching expertise and has received Excellence in Teaching awards
from Raymond Walters College, the University of Cincinnati, and Case Western Reserve University.
Currently she consults with a variety of nursing programs on teaching and curricular issues and co-
authors a medical-surgical nursing textbook (Ignatavicius and Workman: Medical-Surgical Nursing:
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care) and a genetics textbook.
Linda LaCharity received her BSN from Kent State University's College of Nursing. During her
career in the U.S. Army Nurse Corps, she earned an MN from the University of Washington in
Seattle. Linda earned her PhD from the University of Cincinnati. She worked as a staff nurse and
nurse manager in adult medical-surgical and critical care settings supervising RNs, LPN/LVNs, and
nursing assistant staff. Linda's academic experience includes teaching EMTs and critical care nurses
for the military and across the curriculum at the University of Cincinnati (BSN, MSN, Accelerated
BSN/MSN, and PhD). Her area of teaching expertise in both classroom and patient care settings is
adult health. She was director of the Accelerated Program and an Assistant Professor in the College
of Nursing at the University of Cincinnati in Cincinnati, Ohio. Retired in 2013, she continues to
write textbooks.

13
Reviewers and Advisory Board
REVIEWERS

Chris Bridgers PharmD

Saint Joseph's Hospital
Atlanta, Georgia

Andrew D. Case BSN, MSN

Professor of Human Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology
Southeast Community College
Lincoln, Nebraska

Diane K. Daddario MSN, ACNS-BC, RN, BC, CMSRN

Clinical Nursing Instructor
Pennsylvania College of Technology
Williamsport, Pennsylvania

Michael Dorich PhD, CST, CAHI

Program Director, Surgical Technology
Pittsburgh Technical Institute
Oakdale, Pennsylvania

Gail E. Dunham MSN

Professor of Nursing
Mid Michigan Community College
Harrison, Michigan

Sally Flesch RN, BSN, MA, EdS, PhD

Coordinator, Professor
Practical Nursing Program
Black Hawk College
Moline, Illinois

Cathy Maddry MSN, MA, RN, Alumnus CCRN

Department Head
Heath Occupations
Northwest Louisiana Technical College
Minden Louisiana

Mary E. Stassi RN-BC

Health Occupations Coordinator
St. Charles Community College
Cottleville, Missouri

Claudia Stoffel MSN, RN, CNE

Practical Nursing Program Coordinator
West Kentucky Community and Technical College
Paducah, Kentucky

Audrey Tolouian MSN, BSW, (EdD)

Clinical Instructor, School of Nursing
University of Texas

14
El Paso, Texas

Erin Yesenosky MSN

Nursing Instructor
Greater Altoona Career & Technology Center
Altoona, Pennsylvania
ADVISORY BOARD

Nancy Bohnarczyk MA
Adjunct Instructor
College of Mount St. Vincent
New York, New York

Sharyn P. Boyle MSN, RN-BC

Instructor, Associate Degree Nursing
Passaic County Technical Institute
Wayne, New Jersey

Nicola Contreras BN, RN

Faculty
Galen College
San Antonio, Texas

Dolores Cotton MSN, RN

Practical Nursing Coordinator
Meridian Technology Center
Stillwater, Oklahoma

Sharon Gordon MSN, RN, CNOR-E

Practical Nursing Faculty
Lehigh Carbon Community College
Schnecksville, Pennsylvania

Nancy Haughton MSN, RN

Practical Nursing Program Faculty
Chester County Intermediate Unit
Downingtown, Pennsylvania

Shelly Hovis MS, RN

Director, Practical Nursing
Kiamichi Technology Centers
Antlers, Oklahoma

Dawn Johnson RN, MSN, Ed

Practical Nurse Program Director
Great Lakes Institute of Technology
Erie, Pennsylvania

Kristin Madigan RN, MS

Nursing Faculty
Pine Technical and Community College
Pine City, Minnesota

Hana Malik RN, MSN, FNP-BC

Academic Director
Illinois College of Nursing
Lombard, Illinois

Barb Ratliff RN, MSN

15
Associate Director of Health Programs
Butler Technology and Career Development Schools
Hamilton, Ohio

Faye Silverman RN, MSN/Ed, PHN, WOCN

Director of Professional Nursing
Kaplan College - North Hollywood Campus
North Hollywood, California

Russlyn A. St. John RN, MSN

Professor and Coordinator, Practical Nursing
Practical Nursing Department
St. Charles Community College
Cottleville, Missouri

Fleur de Liza Tobias-Cuyco BSC, CPhT

Dean, Director of Student Affairs, and Instructor
Preferred College of Nursing
Los Angeles, California

16
Preface
The authors of this text are nurses and educators with many decades of clinical and teaching
experience. Our concept of what is needed in a pharmacology textbook is derived from the desire to
create a book that will help students identify the most important content areas for safe drug
administration and patient teaching. With this goal in mind, we developed a unique format based
on four focus areas:
• Why specific drugs are prescribed as therapy for common health problems
• How different drugs work to induce their intended responses
• What critical actions and assessments to perform before and after administering drugs
• Which points are most important to teach patients about their drug therapy
Using these focus areas, we present pharmacology content in a framework that promotes in-
depth learning versus rote memorization, which is truly essential in understanding the principles of
pharmacology and safe drug administration. Interwoven within the textbook are areas that
highlight specific safety issues with regard to medication administration. The impetus for this
inclusion are the recommendations championed by the American Association of Colleges of
Nursing, collectively known as the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) practice
standards. Although this initiative is nursing based, the focus on safety must be a major directive
for all health care professionals involved in the prescribing, preparing, dispensing, and
administering aspects of drug therapy. Specific actions related to safety are noted with “QSEN”
throughout the text.

17
Chapter Organization
The textbook has been expanded to accommodate requested information in content areas not
presented in the first edition. These areas now include immunizations and drugs affecting the
immune system, drug therapy for adrenal gland problems, nutritional supplements, drug therapy
for musculoskeletal problems, and drug therapy for common problems of the male and female
reproductive systems. The text has been reorganized into 10 units totaling 32 chapters to streamline
access to specific content areas. Unit I provides an overview of general content important for safe
medication administration. Unit II provides essential mathematical concepts and practice for safe
dosage calculation. Unit III focuses on content that has application to many body systems, such as
inflammation, infection, pain, and cancer. The remaining seven units are divided by the body
system most closely associated with the specific drug therapy. For example, Unit V, Drug Therapy
for Problems of the Circulatory and Cardiac Systems, is further divided into six chapters that
include drug therapy affecting urine output, hypertension, heart failure, dysrhythmias, high blood
lipids, and blood clotting. We believe this content arrangement synchronizes the information for
students when they are studying specific health problems and issues. Although information
regarding normal physiology and pathophysiology is still presented, this information has been
streamlined to promote the pharmacology focus of the text.
Our presentation style for the content of this text is direct, active, and clear. Health care terms and
related physiological mechanisms are explained in clear, straightforward, everyday language to
promote better student understanding and application of the content in the clinical setting.
Photographs and other illustrations have been selected and developed to better explain drug
administration techniques, drug actions, and appropriate health care interventions.
Chapter Objectives presented at the beginning of each chapter focus the student on “need to
know” information, clarifying which issues have the highest priority for safe drug administration.
A list of Key Terms includes phonetic pronunciations, definitions, and page numbers where each
term is first used.
The mathematics review chapters (Chapters 3, 4, and 5) are written in a self-paced, guided-study
format and contain easy-to-understand explanations and examples. Try This! boxes provide more
than 150 practice questions within these chapters, in addition to the end-of-chapter review material.
Answers to these exercises are found at the end of the chapters.
In-text drug tables outline the most common drugs used to treat highlighted disorders and
diseases. Generic and trade names and common dosage ranges for adults and children are included.
Discussion sections on “What To Do Before,” “What To Do After,” and “What to Teach
Patients” about each highlighted drug or drug category emphasize the important aspects of drug
administration, monitoring, follow-up, and patient teaching.
Life Span Considerations sections receive particular attention in most chapters. Differences in
actions, the risks for side effects, precautions, or dosing for pediatric patients, pregnant or
breastfeeding patients, or older adults are presented as appropriate for each drug class.
A Get Ready for Practice! section at the end of each chapter features Key Points, Additional
Learning Resources, Review Questions, and Critical Thinking Activities.
• Key Points emphasize selected need-to-know content from the chapter to help students study for
tests and certification/licensure exams.
• Additional Learning Resources sections refer students to related review material in the
accompanying Study Guide and on the Evolve website at
http://evolve.elsevier.com/Workman/pharmacology/.
• Review Questions correspond item-by-item with the Objectives at the beginning of the chapter.
Drug calculation questions are also included in this section. Answers to the Review Questions are
located on the Evolve site. These review questions are divided by basic and advanced level
concepts.
• Critical Thinking Activities are true-to-practice case studies that present issues and problems
requiring clinical decision making related to individual patients receiving pharmacologic therapy.

18
Answer guidelines to the questions are available on the secure Evolve instructor website at
http://evolve.elsevier.com/Workman/pharmacology/.

19
Learner-Friendly Instructional Design
One of the most innovative features of this text is its unique instructional design. A single column
presents the narrative, and a wide margin is used to reinforce important concepts and prevent
medication errors with special boxed features. This wide margin also allows generous space for
note-taking. Special learning features found in the wide margin include the following:

Drug Alert! boxes help reinforce crucial actions or interventions, teaching, and drug administration
information. Each of these boxes is classified into one of five categories: Teaching, Interaction,
Administration, Dosage, or Action/Intervention.

Memory Jogger boxes highlight and summarize essential information, including major categories
of drugs and the diseases they are used to treat.

Clinical Pitfall boxes focus on information vital for safe practice and medication administration.

Common Side Effects boxes focus on individual drug groups and feature unique icons that
promote rapid recognition.

Do Not Confuse boxes highlight look-alike/sound-alike drug names.

Did You Know? boxes help students link pharmacology content to the world around them.

Cultural Awareness boxes emphasize important cultural considerations related to pharmacology.

We believe you'll find that the authors and publisher have crafted a balance of these features to
minimize wasted space and at the same time promote in-depth learning versus rote memorization.

20
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
 101 (102). V, 6 reaching to the wing margin; abdomen narrow,
more than twice as long as the thorax.

Part of Psilidæ, XXXIX

102 (101). V, 6 not nearly reaching margin; D rather broad.

Part of Sepsidæ, XLVI

103 (100). V, 4 much bent towards V, 3. Brown species.

Part of Micropezidæ, XL (genus Calobata)

104 (99). Legs normal; D comparatively short and broad, never
contracted at base.

Part of Ortalidæ, XLI

105 (76). V, 1a absent or rudimentary, much thinner than V, 1b,
which latter ends at or before the middle of the fore margin.
106 (107). Hind C, I (5) thickened and shorter than the next joint.

Borboridæ, LVI
107 (106). Hind metatarsus longer than and not thicker than C,
I(6).
108 (115). X, 51 absent, X, 52 present (i.e. only one X-vein on V, 5
and that placed beyond X, 4 (plate V, 36).
109 (110). Legs long and thin; abdomen very long.

Part of Micropezidæ, XL (genus Micropeza)

110 (109). Legs short and strong; D oval or elliptical.
 111 (112). A, III (6) absent; A, IV (5) round, or, if lengthened,
then A in profile is triangular.

Chloropidæ, LI
112 (111). A, III (6) present; A, IV (5) generally long or oval; A in
profile never triangular.
113 (114). Head square; face strongly convex (plate VII, 21); O,
1
6 absent. Not orange coloured species.

Ephydridæ, XLIX
114 (113). Head round or semi-circular; face not arched (plate
VII, 19); O, 61 present, or, if absent, then the species orange
coloured.

Part of Drosophilidæ, L.
115 (108). X, 51 present, or, if absent, then X, 52 also absent (i.e.,
either two X-veins or no X-veins on V, 5) (plate V, 33, 38).
116 (117). Scutellum of the male extraordinarily long and squared
off behind; costa thickened from the end of V, 1 to the wing tip.

Part of Phycodromidæ (genus Thyreophora)

117 (116). B, I (6) usually short, and somewhat triangular; costa
normal.
118 (133). Mouth bristles present.
119 (122). Fronto-orbital bristles absent.
120 (121). Wings without a black spot near the tip.

Piophilidæ, XLVII
121 (120). Wings with a black spot near the tip.
 Part of Sepsidæ, XLVI
122 (119). Fronto-orbital bristles present.
123 (128). X, 52 before middle of wing (both X, 4 and X, 52 near
the base and exceedingly near together) or no X-vein on V, 5.
124 (127). X, 52 immediately under X, 4 (or nearer the base), or
X, 51 and X, 52 both absent (plate V, 38).
125 (126). Arista bare or nearly so.

Part of Phytomyzidæ, LIV

126 (125). Arista with long hairs on one side.

Astiadæ, LV
127 (124). X, 52 present and placed further from base than X, 4.

Part of Agromyzidæ, LIII

128 (123). X, 52 at or beyond the middle; X, 4 and X, 52 neither
very near to the wing base nor to one another.
129 (130). Arista bare; body short and broad.

Milichidæ, LII
130 (129). Arista plumose, combed, or pubescent, or, if bare, then
the body always narrow and long.
131 (132). Arista thinly but long haired, plumose, or combed.

Part of Drosophilidæ, L
132 (131). Arista thickly and short haired, pubescent, or bare.

Geomyzidæ, XLVIII
 133 (118). Mouth bristles absent.
134 (137). O, 51 and O, 61 large and very prominent.
135 (136). Antennæ moderately long or very long, male genitalia
not prominent.

Part of Psilidæ, XXXIX

136 (135). Antennæ short; male genitalia prominent, and club-
shaped.

Part of Sepsidæ, XLVI (genus Tetanura)

137 (134). O, 51 and O, 61 small and not very prominent.
138 (139). Light grey or silvery species.

Part of Agromyzidæ, LIII

139 (138). Orange or brownish-red species.

Part of Opomyzidæ, XLV

140 (26). Wings with two short very thick veins (in fore-basal
region) whence spring a few very fine unbranched veins. X-veins
absent (plate V, 35).

Phoridæ, LVII
141 (1) (52-3/4). Body of a horny or leathery nature; head sunk
into a hollow in the thorax (plate VI, 35). No proper proboscis or
palpi; claws very large (plate VI, 36). Perfect insect parasitic.

EPROBOSCIDEA—
142 (145). Head fairly large; wings sometimes shed or absent.
 143 (144). Eyes, ocelli, scutellum, halteres, and wings all absent;
last tarsal joint combed with bristles.

Braulidæ, LIX
144 (143). Eyes and scutellum present; last tarsal joint with well
developed claws.

Hippoboscidæ, LVIII
145 (142). Head small, when at rest thrown back upon the
dorsum; always wingless.

Nycteribidæ, LX
 INDEX

Air-sacks, breathing by, 46

Anthomyida, 10, 17
Asilus crabroniformis, 55
Aphides, plant-lice, etc., 8

Beelzebub, Lord-of-flies, 2
Bibionidæ, semi-blindness of, 108
Birds, food for, 80
Black death, 2
Blood-sucking flies, kinds of—
genus, chrysops, 24
genus, hæmatobia, 16
genus, hæmatopota, 23
genus, lyperosia, 17
genus, tabanus, 23
genus, therioplectes, 23
Blood-sucking midges and gnats
—common species—
ceratopogon pulicaris, 108
ceratopogon bipunctatus, 108
ceratopogon varius, 108
(also others of the same genus and of the allied genus,
anopheles)
 culex pipiens, 108
Blue-bottles, 12, 18, 33, 36, 51
Borborus equinus, 34
Bot-fly of the horse, 26
Breeze-flies, "blinden," 10, 23, 29, 69
Bridgewater Treatises, 1

Cabbage-fly, 17
Calliphora erythrocephala } see blue-bottles
Calliphora vomitoria } see blue-bottles
Celery-fly, 17
Chelifers, 55
Chrysops cæcutiens, 24
Chrysops relicta, 24
Conops flavipes, 22
Contagion, fly-borne, 84
Cordylurida, 10
Cow-dung fly, the yellow, 19
Crane-flies, or Daddy-long-legs, 109
Cremation of refuse, 41, 61, 65, 70
Cyrtoneura simplex, 17

Dipteræ, nearly 3,000 species, 10

Dragon-flies, 55
Drone-flies, 20, 22
Dun-flies, see Gad-flies
Dust-bins, preferably open, 65, 70
Dust destructor furnace, imperative, 65

Economic value of the fly, 41

Egg-traps, domestic refuse as, 65, 72
Empidæ, 54
Empusa muscæ, 56
Eristalis tenax, 21
Exclusion from rooms, 76

Fannia canicularis, 7
Fannia scalaris, 14, 18
Filth-flies, 51
Fleas, 108
Flecked flesh, 29
Fly chart, the Wingate, 88
Fly-traps, 66
Forest (or spider) fly, 22
Fungus-flies, 51
Futurist's Credo, 39

Gad-flies, 23
Garden pests, vegetarian, 17
Gargantuan jokes, 32
Gastrophilus, see Œstrus
Gentles, apparatus for breeding, 80
Gentles, green, 82
Glossina morsitans, 62
Green-bottle flies, 20
Grey blow-flies, 19

Hæmatobia stimulans, 16
Hæmatopota crassicornis, 23
Hæmatopota italica, 23
Hæmatopota pluvialis, 23
Hibernation, 15, 80
Hippoboscidæ, 22
Horse-flies, see Forest-flies
House-fly fungus, 56
House-fly, larva of, 35
House-fly, wing pattern of, 12
Hover-flies, 20
Human intestinal myiasis, 25, 26
Humble Creatures, 1, 34
hydrotæa dentipes, 17
hydrotæa irritans, 17

Instar, pupa, or chrysalid, 40

Larvæ, see Maggots

Lesser house-fly, larva of, 36
Lesser house-fly, wing pattern, 12
Louse-fly, tick, or ked, 22
Lucilia Cæsar, 20
Lucilia sericata, 20
Lyperosia irritans, 17

Maggots, feeding in company, 36

Maggots, insectivorous, 21
Maggots, jumping or hopping, 111, 112
Maggots, myiasic possibilities, 28, 37, 82
Maggots, parasitic on lepidoptera, etc., 111
Maggots, predaceous, 109
Maggots, "rat-tail," 21
Maggots, "star-tail," 109
Meal-worms, 80
Merodon narcissi, 21
Messengers of peril, 78
Metamorphosis, 37
Microdon, 22
Musca corvina, 14, 17
Muscina stabulans, 18, 27

Nostril-fly of the sheep, 4, 26, 28

Ocelli, visual importance of, 45

Odour of humanity, attracted by, 33
Œstrid flies, egg-laying aggressions, 31, 69
Œstrus hominis, discredited, 28
Œstrus (Gastrophilus) equi, 27
Œstrus (Gastrophilus) hæmorrhoidalis, 26
Œstrus nasalis 4
Œstrus ovis, 28
(Œstrus ovis hypoderma) bovis, see worble-flies
(Œstrus ovis hypoderma) lineatum, see worble-flies
Onion-fly, 17
Owl-midges, moth-like, 109

Pestering flies, commoner kinds of—

cyrtoneura simplex, 17
fannia canicularis, 7
fannia scalaris, 18
musca domestica, 7
musca corvina, 17
muscina stabulans, 18
and other Anthomyidæ
Poisons, effective insecticide, 73
Polietes lardaria, 18
Pond blood-worms, 108

Robber-flies, 54, 109

Root-fly, the, 17

Sarcophaga carnaria, 19
Scatophaga stercoraria, 19
Scavenging services, 78
Scenopinus fenestralis, 110
Sex differentiation, 45
Soldier-flies, 22, 109
Spiders, flies parasitic on, 110
Stable-fly, 12, 13, 16, 51
Stable manure, 67
Stomoxys calcitrans, 12, 13, 16, 51
Stratiomyidæ, 22, 109
Swallow, attracted to breed, 53
Syrphidæ, 20
Syrphus, 21

Tabanidæ, 10, 22, see also blood-sucking flies

Tachinidæ, 10, 19
Therioplectes, see blood-sucking flies
Tipulidæ, 109
Traps for flies, some ineffective, 72
Turnip-fly, a beetle, 17

Veins of wings, 11
Voltairean atheism, controversy of, 5
Volucella, 21

Warning signals, flies as, 78

Westminster Hospital and myiasis, 28
Window-fly, the, 110
Window screens, 77
Wingate's nomenclature symbols, 12
Wing patterns contrasted, 12
Worble-flies, 26, 28, 69

Woods & Sons Ltd., Printers, London, N.

Transcribers note.

This work is presented as is, with no changes to the spelling,

except for confirmed typos. Printer's errors, where obvious, and
original spelling have been retained.
Variations in hyphenation and compound words have been
preserved.
Table of Contents, List of Illustrations, etc. Discrepancies: many of
the items in the front matter sections do not match the titles in the
book's content section.
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOOK OF THE
FLY ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions

will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S.

copyright law means that no one owns a United States
copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy
and distribute it in the United States without permission and
without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the
General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and
distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the
PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if
you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the
trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the
Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is
very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such
as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and
printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in
the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright
law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially
commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
 PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the

free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this
work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase
“Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of
the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or
online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and

Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand,
agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual
property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree
to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease
using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for
obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™
electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms
of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only

be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by
people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.
There are a few things that you can do with most Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the
full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There
are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™
electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and
help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the
collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright
law in the United States and you are located in the United
States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying,
distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works
based on the work as long as all references to Project
Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will
support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free
access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™
works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for
keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the
work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement
by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full
Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge
with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside
the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to
the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying,
displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works
based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The
Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright
status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project

Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other

immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must
appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project
Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed,
viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United

States and most other parts of the world at no cost and
with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it,
give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project
Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United
States, you will have to check the laws of the country
where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is

derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of
the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to
anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges.
If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the
phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of
paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use
of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth
in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is

posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and
distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through
1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder.
Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™
License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright
holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project

Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files
 containing a part of this work or any other work associated with
Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute

this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1
with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the
Project Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form,
including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if
you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project
Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or
other format used in the official version posted on the official
Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must,
at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy,
a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy
upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or
other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project
Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,

performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™
works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or

providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive
from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the
method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The
fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
 payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on
which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your
periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked
as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information
about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who

notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt
that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project
Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or
destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
Project Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of

any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in
the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90
days of receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project

Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different
terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain
permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™
trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3
below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend

considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on,
transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright
law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these
efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium
on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as,
but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data,
transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property
infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be
read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except

for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in
paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic
work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for
damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE
THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT
EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE
THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY
DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE
TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL,
PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE
NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you

discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of
receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you
paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you
received the work from. If you received the work on a physical
medium, you must return the medium with your written
explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the
defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu
of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person
or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.
If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund
in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set

forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’,
WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied

warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this
agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this
agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the
maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable
state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of
this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the

Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the
Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any
volunteers associated with the production, promotion and
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless
from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that
arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you
do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project
Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or
deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect
you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission

of Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new
computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of
volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the

assistance they need are critical to reaching Project
Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™
collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In
2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was
created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project
Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your
efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the
Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project

Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-
profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the
laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status
by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or
federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions
to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax
deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and
your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500

West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact
links and up to date contact information can be found at the
Foundation’s website and official page at
www.gutenberg.org/contact
 Section 4. Information about Donations to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without
widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission
of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works
that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form
accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated
equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly
important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws

regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of
the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform
and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many
fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not
solicit donations in locations where we have not received written
confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine
the status of compliance for any particular state visit
www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states

where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know
of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from
donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot

make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations
received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp
our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current

donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a
number of other ways including checks, online payments and
credit card donations. To donate, please visit:
www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About

Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could
be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose
network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several

printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by
copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus,
we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any
particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,

including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new
eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear
about new eBooks.
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade

Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and

personal growth!

ebooknice.com