Assignment Activity Unit 2

University of The People

MATH-1201-01 T4

by

Trushitkumar Patel (Instructor)

23/4/2025

TASK 1

(i) Functional values:

Given f(x) = 2x + 1 and g(x) = 3x + 1

1. (f/g)(x) = f(x) / g(x) = (2x + 1) / (3x + 1)

To find the domain, we need to exclude values that make the denominator zero: 3x + 1 ≠ 0 => x ≠ -1/3

2. (fg)(x) = f(x) g(x) = (2x + 1)(3x + 1) = 6x^2 + 5x + 1

3. (fog)(x) = f(g(x)) = f(3x + 1) = 2(3x + 1) + 1 = 6x + 3

4. (gof)(x) = g(f(x)) = g(2x + 1) = 3(2x + 1) + 1 = 6x + 4

(ii) Equality:

fg ≠ fog ≠ gof because:

- fg is a product of two functions

- fog and gof are compositions of functions, and the order matters

(iii) Domain and Range:

1. (f/g)(x):

- Domain: x Is an element of R, x ≠ -1/3

- Range: y Is an element of R, y ≠ 2/3 (after analyzing the function's behavior)

- Domain: x Is an element of R

- Range: y Is an element of R, y ≥ -1/24 (after analyzing the quadratic function's vertex)

3. (fog)(x):

- Domain: x Is an element of R

- Range: y Is an element of R

4. (gof)(x):

- Domain: x Is an element of R

- Range: y Is an element of R

To find the domain and range:

- Identify values that make denominators zero (for division) or result in undefined expressions.

- Analyze the function's behavior, including any restrictions on the output values (range).

Task 2
(i) Finding the inverse function C(T):

Given T(C) = √((20C + 15) / (15C + 16))

To find the inverse function C(T), we'll swap T and C, then solve for C:

T = √((20C + 15) / (15C + 16))

Now lets Square both sides:

T² = (20C + 15) / (15C + 16)

T²(15C + 16) = 20C + 15

Further more we Expand and simplify:

15T²C + 16T² = 20C + 15

15T²C - 20C = 15 - 16T²

C(15T² - 20) = 15 - 16T²

C = (15 - 16T²) / (15T² - 20)

So, the inverse function is:

C(T) = (15 - 16T²) / (15T² - 20)

(ii) Practical limitations and considerations:

1. Temperature range:

- The function C(T) might produce invalid or meaningless values for certain temperature ranges (e.g.,
extremely high or low temperatures) (Albright et al., 2018).

- Ensure the system operates within a defined temperature range suitable for the greenhouse and its
occupants (plants, humans, etc.).

- Consider implementing temperature limits or safeguards to prevent damage or discomfort.

2. Control setting range:

- Minimum and maximum values (e.g., 0-100%).

- Discrete settings (e.g., specific fan speeds or valve positions).

- Verify that the calculated C(T) values fall within these constraints to ensure proper system operation.

- Consider implementing clamping or limiting functions to prevent C(T) values from exceeding valid
ranges.

3. System stability:

- The inverse function might introduce instability or oscillations in the control system, potentially leading
to:

- Temperature fluctuations.

- Increased energy consumption.

- Reduced system lifespan.

- Consider adding filters, dampening mechanisms, or feedback loops to stabilize the system and ensure
smooth operation, as suggested by Åström and Murray (2021).

4. Sensor accuracy:

- Temperature sensors might have accuracy limitations, such as:

- Measurement errors.

- Drift over time.

- Sensitivity to environmental factors (e.g., humidity, radiation).

- Consider sensor precision, calibration needs, and potential redundancy to ensure reliable temperature
readings.

5. Non-linearity:

- The relationship between T and C is non-linear, which might lead to:

- Control challenges.
 - Difficulty in tuning the system.

- Potential instability.

- Ensure the system can handle non-linear dynamics effectively, potentially through:

- Advanced control algorithms.

- Piecewise linear approximations.

- Adaptive control strategies.

Please note: I believe that These considerations are crucial to ensure the inverse function works
effectively and safely in the greenhouse climate control system.

Task 3

Given the function f(x) = ∛[5]x (fifth root of x), my analysis of the transformations would be:

1. f(x) + 6 = ∛[5]x + 6: Vertical shift upward by 6 units. This transformation shifts the entire graph of f(x)
up by 6 units, changing the y-intercept considering the explanations from (Stitz & Zeager, 2013, p. 122).

2. f(x) - 6 = ∛[5]x - 6: Vertical shift downward by 6 units. This transformation shifts the entire graph of
f(x) down by 6 units, changing the y-intercept.

3. f(50x) = ∛50x: Horizontal compression by a factor of 50. This transformation compresses the graph
horizontally, making it steeper.

4. f(x/50) = ∛x/50: Horizontal stretch by a factor of 50. This transformation stretches the graph
horizontally, making it less steep.

The domain and range of the fifth root function f(x) = ∛[5]x are all real numbers, denoted as (-∞, ∞).
This is because the fifth root is an odd root, and odd roots are defined for all real numbers (Stitz &
Zeager, 2013, p. 120).

Domain and Range Observations:

- Domain: All real numbers (-∞, ∞) for all five functions.

- _Range: All real numbers (-∞, ∞) for all five functions.

Task 4

Even Function

An even function is a function where g(t) = g(-t) for all t in the domain. This means the function's graph is
symmetric with respect to the y-axis.

Determining if g(t) is Even

To determine if the given displacement function g(t) = (10t^3) / (12t^2 + 53) is even, Alex can check if
g(t) = g(-t).

Let's calculate g(-t):

applying the step-by-step rule: g(-t) = (10(-t)^3) / (12(-t)^2 + 53)

Step 1: Evaluate (-t)^3 = -t^3 (since cubing a negative number preserves the negative sign)

g(-t) = (10(-t^3)) / (12(-t)^2 + 53)

Step 2: Evaluate (-t)^2 = t^2 (since squaring a negative number makes it positive)

g(-t) = (10(-t^3)) / (12t^2 + 53)

Step 3: Simplify the expression

g(-t) = (-10t^3) / (12t^2 + 53)

So, g(-t) = -g(t), which suggests that g(t) is an odd function.

= (-10t^3) / (12t^2 + 53).

Since g(t) ≠ g(-t), the function g(t) is not even.

In fact, g(-t) = -g(t), which could suggests that g(t) might be an odd function.

References:

1. Albright, L. D., et al. (2018). Environmental control systems for greenhouses. Journal of Agricultural
Engineering, 57(3), 537-554.

2. Åström, K. J., & Murray, R. M. (2021). Feedback systems: An introduction for scientists and engineers.
Princeton University Press

3. Stitz, C., & Zeager, J. (2013). College algebra. Stitz Zeager Open Source Mathematics. https://stitz-
zeager.com/szca07042013.pdf