THE DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Universitas
Indonesia

History and Development of

Electronics Industry
Prof. Dr. Ir. Djoko Hartanto, M.Sc.
Prof. Dr.Eng. Ir. Arief Udhiarto, S.T., M.T., IPU.
 THE DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Universitas
Indonesia

The Beginning of the Modern Electronic Era

Bardeen, Shockley, and Brattain at Bell The first germanium bipolar transistor.
Labs - Brattain and Bardeen invented Roughly 50 years later, electronics
the bipolar transistor in 1947. account for 10% (4 trillion dollars) of
the world GDP.

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 THE DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Universitas
Indonesia

Electronics Milestones
1874 Braun invents the solid-state rectifier. 1958 Integrated circuit developed by Kilby and
Noyce
1906 DeForest invents triode vacuum tube.
1961 First commercial IC from Fairchild
1907-1927 Semiconductor
First radio circuits developed from 1963 IEEE formed from merger or IRE and AIEE
diodes and triodes.
1968 First commercial IC opamp
1925 Lilienfeld field-effect device patent
1970 One transistor DRAM cell invented by
filed. Dennard at IBM.
1947 Bardeen and Brattain at Bell 1971 4004 Intel microprocessor introduced.
Laboratories invent bipolar
transistors. 1978 First commercial 1-kilobit memory.
1952 Commercial bipolar transistor 1974 8080 microprocessor introduced.
production at Texas Instruments. 1984 Megabit memory chip introduced.
1956 Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley 2000 Alferov, Kilby, and Kromer share Nobel
receive Nobel prize. prize

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 THE DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Universitas
Indonesia

Evolution of Electronic Devices

Vacuum Discrete
Tubes Transistors

SSI and MSI VLSI

Integrated Surface-Mount
Circuits Circuits

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 THE DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Universitas
Indonesia

Microelectronics Proliferation
• The integrated circuit was invented in 1958.
• World transistor production has more than doubled every year for the
past twenty years.
• Every year, more transistors are produced than in all previous years
combined.
• Approximately a total of 13 sextillion (1.3×1022) MOSFETs have been
manufactured worldwide between 1960 and 2018
• MOSFETs account for at least 99.9% of all transistors

*Source: Gordon Moore’s Plenary address at the 2003 International Solid State Circuits
Conference and Wikipedia at 2021
 THE DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Universitas
Indonesia

Evolution of IC technology
 THE DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Universitas
Indonesia

Moore’s law
• Moore predicted that the number of transistors that can be
integrated on a die would grow exponentially with time.
• Amazingly visionary – million transistor/chip barrier was crossed in
the 1980’s.
• 16 M transistors (Ultra Sparc III)
• 140 M transistors (HP PA-8500)
• 382 M transistors (Intel Core i3)
• 1.7 B transistors (Intel Montecito)
• 4.2 B transistors (Intel i9)
• 57 B transistors (M1 Max)
 THE DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Universitas
Indonesia

Microprocessor evolution

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor_chronology
 THE DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Universitas
Indonesia

DRAM Capacity Trend

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/news/nand-like-3d-x-dram-aimed-to-revolutionize-memory-industry/
 THE DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Universitas
Indonesia

Transistor Per Integrated Circuit Trends

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 THE DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Universitas
Indonesia

Intel CPU Evolution

 THE DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Universitas
Indonesia

https://semiwiki.com/semiconductor-manufacturers/301376-intel-accelerated/
 THE DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Universitas
Indonesia

Device Feature Size

• Feature size reductions
enabled by process
innovations.
• Smaller features lead to
more transistors per unit
area and therefore
higher density.

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 THE DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Universitas
Indonesia

Rapid Increase in Density of Microelectronics

Memory chip density Microprocessor complexity

versus time. versus time.

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 THE DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Universitas
Indonesia

Speed of Microprocessors

The performance of devices has

increased exponentially at an average
rate of 29% per year

http://www.singularity.com/charts/page61.html
 THE DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Universitas
Indonesia

Thank You

Slide 16