Health and Physical

Education
Textbook for Class X

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 1077 – Health and Physical Education ISBN 978-93-5292-335-9
Textbook for Class X

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

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October 2021 Ashwin 1943 way of trade, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise disposed
January 2025 Magha 1946 of without the publisher’s consent, in any form of binding or
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by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should
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be unacceptable.

OFFICES OF THE PUBLICATION

© National Council of DIVISION, NCERT

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Training, 2020
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 Foreword
Health of children is a major concern worldwide. Their health is very
important as they constitute a large percentage of our population.
Many factors like physical, psychological, socio-economic and cultural
influence our health, both in our day-to-day life and in the long run.
The involvement of all children in physical activities, games and
sport, and yoga along with authentic knowledge is essential for their
physical, emotional, social and mental development. In this endeavour,
school education plays an important role. All the National Curriculum
Frameworks have recommended health and physical education as an
integral part of the school curriculum. With this view, the National
Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has prepared
this textbook on Health and Physical Education for Class X.
This textbook focuses on the holistic understanding of physical
education and its relationship with other subjects and the effects of
physical activities on human body. It also provides a scope for children
to learn the theoretical, as well as, the practical aspects of individual
and team games. Further, it discusses yoga, dietary considerations,
safety measures for healthy living, social health, agencies and awards
promoting health, sports and yoga. The information about coronavirus
(COVID-19), its modes of transmision and prevention have also been
included at relevant places to help the children remain safe and healthy.
Keeping in view the inter-related nature of the concepts covered in the
area of Health and Physical Education, the presentation is made in a
cohesive and an integrated manner rather than adopting a fragmentary
approach. Experiential learning activities for acquiring skills for healthy
living are made an integral part of the book.
The NCERT appreciates the efforts of the Textbook Development
Committee. Several experts and teachers have contributed towards the
finalisation of this book. We are grateful to them and their institutions.
I am thankful to Professor Saroj Yadav, Dean (Academic) and the Project
Coordinator of the National Population Education Project (NPEP) for her
continuous efforts in developing this material and bringing it to its
present from.
As an organisation committed to systemic reform and continuous
improvement in the quality of our products, the NCERT welcomes
comments and suggestions from teachers and students, which will
enable us to undertake further revision and refinement.

Hrushikesh Senapaty
Director
New Delhi  National Council of Educational
May, 2020  Research and Training

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 Textbook Development Committee
Members
•• Anjana Agarwal, SEO, Food and Nutrition, NIOS, Sector 62,
Noida
•• Bharti Sarkar, Retired Associate Professor, Maitreyi College,
University of Delhi
•• Bhuvan Chandra Kapri, Professor, Department of Physical
Education, Banaras Hindu University, Banaras, Uttar Pradesh
•• Ishwar V. Basavaraddy, Director, Morarji Desai National
Institute of Yoga, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India,
New Delhi
•• Poonam Aggarwal, Professor, Department of Gender Studies,
NCERT, New Delhi
•• Priyanka, Assistant Professor, M. B. (P.G.) College, Dadri,
Gautam Buddh Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh
•• Ratnesh Singh, Associate Professor, Department of Physical
Education, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Koni, Bilaspur,
Chhattisgarh
•• Sagarika Bandyopadhyay, Dean and Head, Department of
Physical Education, Viswabharati University, Shantiniketan,
West Bengal
•• Shorya Kumar Yadav, Professor, Department of Physical
Education, Devi Ahilyabai University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh
•• Sima Saigal, Assistant Professor, North East Regional Institute
of Education (NERIE) NCERT, Shillong

Member Coordinator
•• Saroj Yadav, Professor and Dean (Academic), Project Coordinator
of National Population Education Project (NPEP), Adolescence
Education Programme (AEP), NCERT, New Delhi.

Review Committee
•• Anil Ramachandran, Associate Professor, School of Physical
Education and Sports Sciences, Kannur University, Kerela
•• Avinash Sidhu, Retired Professor, A-13 Ratan Nagar, Jabalpur
•• Harish Kumar Meena, Assistant Professor, Department of
Education in Social Sciences (DESS), NCERT, New Delhi

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 •• Manjit Singh, Deputy Secretary, Physical Education and
Sports, CBSE, New Delhi
•• Pushkar Vohra, Joint Secretary (Academics), CBSE, Delhi
•• Vijay Chahal, Professor, Deparment of Physical Education,
Deen Dayal Upadhayay, Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur
•• Vikas Prajapati, Assistant Director, Department of Physical
Education, The Maharaja Sayajirao, University of Baroda,
Near Rosary School, Fatehgunj, Vadodara

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 Acknowledgements
The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)
acknowledges the valuable contribution of the following individuals
and organisations for reviewing and refining the manuscript of this
book.
Amit Sharma, TGT Physical Education, Kendriya Vidyalaya
No.-1, Delhi Cantt.; Asha Arora, Science Teacher, CIE, Department
of Education, University of Delhi; Bhagwati Yadav, Yoga Teacher,
KV NSG, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana; Guru Dutt Ghai,
Professor, Department of Health and Physical Education, Laxmibai
Institute of Physical Education, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh;
Indu Sharma, Assistant Professor, Yoga, Morarji Desai National
Institute of Yoga, New Delhi; Namrata Khanna, Consultant, Food
Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), FDA Bhawan, New
Delhi; Neetu Sharma, Yoga Therapist, Morarji Desai National Institute
of Yoga, New Delhi; N.K. Dutta, Associate Professor and Head,
Physical Education, Ichchhanath Surat, Gujarat; Preeti Shukla,
TGT Physical Education, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Tagore Garden, New
Delhi; Priti Verma, TGT, Physical Education, Kendriya Vidyalaya,
Shivgarh, Raibareli, Uttar Pradesh; Rajveer Singh, Teacher, Physical
Education, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Baghra, Muzaffarnagar
Uttar Pradesh; Sadhana Arya, Former Guest Faculty, Morarji Desai
National Institute of Yoga, New Delhi; Samiran Chakrabarty,
Associate Professor, IGIPESS, University of Delhi, B-Block, Vikas
Puri, New Delhi; Shivani Bansal Moghe, Consultant, Food Safety
and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), New Delhi; Vikram
Singh, Professor, Department of Physical Education & Sports, JNU,
New Delhi; Abhimanyu Singh, Professor and Head, Department of
Physical Education, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi; Archana
Chahal, Professor, Physical Education University of Allahabad,
Prayagraj; Ashwani Bhati, D.M. School, R.I.E. Ajmer; Atul Dubey,
Faculty of Physical Education, I.T.O., Ajmer Azad Khan, Head,
Sportz Village Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore; Bijaya Kumar Malik, Assistant
Professor, NCERT, New Delhi; Deepak Lakhera, DMS, RIE Bhopal;
Eram S. Rao, Associate Professor, Department of Food Technology,
Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Science, University of Delhi;
Jitendra Verma, TGT, Health and Physical Education, Kendriya
Vidyalaya Sangthan, Sec-II, Rohini, New Delhi; Kamlesh Soni, DMS,
R.I.E. Bhubaneswar; Kusum Yadav, Rao Birender Singh College of
Education, Rewari; Mahendra Barua, T.G.T., Physical Education,
R.I.E. Bhopal; Ravipal Singh, K.V.S. Shakurbasti (KVS), Delhi;

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 Sujit Panigrahi, Founder and C.E.O., Education Startup Fitness
365, Sohna Road, Gurugram, Haryana;
We acknowledge the contribution of Blue Fish Designs Pvt. Ltd.
for making the illustrations for this textbook, Azra Khatoon, Shefali
Sharma, and Aakansha, Junior Project Fellow, NCERT, New Delhi
for going through the material, Rani Sharma (PA) for creating a CRC,
Mohd. Kashif, Ruby Malik and Ravi Sharma for typing the material
and Bittoo, D.T.P. Operator for laying out the text. The contributions
of Soumma Chandra, Assistant Editor (Contractual), and Rajshree
Saini, DTP Operator (Contractual) are also acknowledged for editing
and preparing the layout this book.
The Council gratefully acknowledges the valuable suggestions
and feedback received during try-out by teachers.

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 How to use this book

It is expected that the transaction of this book titled Health

and Physical Education for Class X will enable the teachers and
students to transform theoretical knowledge into action. Further
the teachers will be empowered to bring out the positive change
through modification during learning and practicing various games
and sports among students. In schools, where infrastructural
facilities are not available, the teacher may improvise them with the
help of students like playground, equipments, rules of the games,
etc. This will also develop creativity among children. Playing games
and sports in all conditions important for holistic health.
The book contains 13 chapters. The first chapter deals with
Physical Education and its relationship with other subjects. The
second chapter explains the effects of physical activities on human
body. The third chapter discusses the issues related to growth and
development during adolescence. Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7 discuss
the details of individual and team games.
Efforts have been made to include latest rules and regulations of
various games and sports and other related areas. Since the rules
and regulations keep on changing, teachers and students may visit
the official website of the recognised Federation or Association of
the different games and sports. The names of some websites are
given separately. The teachers and students may also see some of
the videos of different games and sports given in the official websites
related to a particular federation for understanding the rules and
learning the skills.
Yoga for Healthy Living is the eighth chapter. Chapter 9
explains dietary considerations and food quality. Safety for healthy
living, healthy community living and social health are discussed
in Chapters 10, 11 and 12 respectively. The last chapter provides
details about the agencies and awards promoting health, sport and
yoga.
The book also includes information about corona virus, more
specifically known as COVID-19 causing massive loss of human
lives and creating panic across the world. It is important to prevent
and deal with this challenge and to empower the younger generation
to face this challenge. The book has provided links as well as, added
the relevant information at suitable places.
The overall objective of this book is to make games and sports
joyfull and thereby making childern physically fit, mentally alert
and emotionally strong. The teacher may also encourage to select
games or sports of their choice by maintaining social distancing

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 for practical experience. Yogic practices need to be more focussed
and considered as an integral part of their everyday life in the
present context.
The teacher should also emphasise on developing life skills,
such as, understanding self, social awareness, team building,
cooperation, empathy, communication skill, creative thinking and
also development of values.
The students can correlate the given activities in the textbook
with their day-to-day life.
As a teacher, you have to understand that this textbook
is different from other subject textbooks in the sense that its
contents need to be understood well and applied throughout life
for one’s own well being and that of others. Its use should not,
therefore, be solely examination driven. Even a general discussion
from time to time would be useful. Activities included in it, are of
practical nature and enjoyable and one can make sure that the
concepts are clarified by involving students in experiential learning.
Physical activities and exercises of all kinds have been given to
ensure the development of fitness and questioning skills, including
life skills.
We would welcome your feedback on this book in terms of — How
did you like this textbook? What are your experiences in organising
or being a part of various activities? What were the dificulties faced
by you? What changes would you like to see in the next version of
this book? Do write to us on all these and other matters related to
this textbook. You could be a parent, a teacher, a student or just a
casual reader. You can send your feedback in the form given at the
end of this book to the undersigned.
We sincerely hope you enjoy this book and learn more than
it offers.

 Saroj Yadav
 Professor and Dean (Academic)
New Delhi National Council of Educational
May 2020 Research and Training

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 Contents
Forewordiii
How to use this book ix
Chapter 1 Physical Education:
Relation with other Subjects�����������������������������1 - 10
Chapter 2 Effects of Physical Activities
on Human Body����������������������������������������������11 - 22
Chapter 3 Growth and Development
during Adolescence�����������������������������������������23 - 34
Chapter 4 Individual Games and Sports I������������������������35 - 51
Chapter 5 Individual Games and Sports II�����������������������52 - 76
Chapter 6 Team Games and Sports I����������������������������� 77 - 110
Chapter 7 Team Games and Sports II�������������������������� 111 - 132
Chapter 8 Yoga for Healthy Living������������������������������� 133 - 164
Chapter 9 Dietary Considerations
and Food Quality���������������������������������������� 165 - 180
Chapter 10 Safety Measures for Healthy Living������������� 181 - 192
Chapter 11 Healthy Community Living�������������������������� 193 - 204
Chapter 12 Social Health���������������������������������������������� 205 - 214
Chapter 13 Agencies and Awards Promoting
Health, Sports and Yoga����������������������������� 215 - 223

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 List of Useful Websites
Note: Please refer to the home websites of the recognised federations
of the various sports for updated information about rules and
regulations.
•• https://www.ioc.org
•• https://www.arisf.sports
•• https://www.iaaf.org (Athletics)
•• https://www.BWFBadminton.org (Badminton)
•• https://www.fiba.basketball (Basketball)
•• https://www.fifa.com (Football)
•• https://www. gymnastics.sports (Gymnastics)
•• https://www.IHF.info (Handball)
•• https://www.Fih.ch (Hockey)
•• https://www.ijf.org (Judo)
•• https://www.fina.org (Swimming)
•• https://www.ittf.com (Table Tennis)
•• https://www.itftennis.com (Tennis)
•• https://www.fivb.com (Volleyball)
•• https://www.unitedworldwrestling.org (Wrestling)
•• https://www.mohfw.gov.in
•• https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/schooladvisory.
pdf

Note: For updation of every game and sport, you can consult or
refer to rule books of various sport’s federations.

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