100% found this document useful (1 vote)

17 views

(eBook PDF) New Perspectives on HTML 5 and CSS: Comprehensive 8th Edition instant download

The document provides information about the eBook 'New Perspectives on HTML 5 and CSS: Comprehensive 8th Edition' by Patrick M. Carey, available for download in various formats. It includes links to other related eBooks and outlines the contents and structure of the book, including tutorials on HTML and CSS. The book is published by Cengage Learning and is dedicated to the author's wife.

Uploaded by

fowkelemelie

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

100% found this document useful (1 vote)

17 views

(eBook PDF) New Perspectives on HTML 5 and CSS: Comprehensive 8th Edition instant download

Uploaded by

fowkelemelie

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 45

(eBook PDF) New Perspectives on HTML 5 and CSS:

Comprehensive 8th Edition install download

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-new-perspectives-on-
html-5-and-css-comprehensive-8th-edition/

Download more ebook from https://ebookluna.com

Instant digital products (PDF, ePub, MOBI) ready for you
Download now and discover formats that fit your needs...

New Perspectives on HTML 5 and CSS: Comprehensive 8th

Edition Patrick M. Carey - eBook PDF

https://ebookluna.com/download/new-perspectives-on-html-5-and-css-
comprehensive-ebook-pdf/

ebookluna.com

New Perspectives on HTML 5 and CSS 8th Edition Patrick M.

Carey - eBook PDF

https://ebookluna.com/download/new-perspectives-on-html-5-and-css-
ebook-pdf/

ebookluna.com

(eBook PDF) Responsive Web Design with HTML 5 & CSS 9th
Edition

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-responsive-web-design-with-
html-5-css-9th-edition/

ebookluna.com

(eBook PDF) New Perspectives on Microsoft Access 2013,

Comprehensive

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-new-perspectives-on-microsoft-
access-2013-comprehensive/

ebookluna.com
New Perspectives On The Internet: Comprehensive, Loose-
leaf Version 10th Edition Jessica Evans - eBook PDF

https://ebookluna.com/download/new-perspectives-on-the-internet-
comprehensive-loose-leaf-version-ebook-pdf/

ebookluna.com

(Original PDF) New Perspectives on HTML5, CSS3, and

JavaScript 6th Edition

https://ebookluna.com/product/original-pdf-new-perspectives-on-
html5-css3-and-javascript-6th-edition/

ebookluna.com

(eBook PDF) Perspectives on Personality 8th Edition

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-perspectives-on-
personality-8th-edition/

ebookluna.com

(eBook PDF) New Perspectives Microsoft Office 365

PowerPoint 2016 Comprehensive

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-new-perspectives-microsoft-
office-365-powerpoint-2016-comprehensive/

ebookluna.com

(eBook PDF) New Perspectives Microsoft Office 365 & Word

2016 Comprehensive

https://ebookluna.com/product/ebook-pdf-new-perspectives-microsoft-
office-365-word-2016-comprehensive/

ebookluna.com
Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
vi New Perspectives Series

Kate Mason, Learning Designer; Tom Benedetto, Product Assistant; Erin Griffin, Art Director;
Fola Orekoya, Manufacturing Planner; Lumina Datamatics Ltd., Compositor, as well as John
Freitas and Danielle Shaw, Technical Editors.

This book is dedicated to my wife Joan who is my inspiration and role model for her good
humor, dedication, and tireless support.
– Patrick Carey

BRIEF CONTENTS
HTML Level I Tutorials
Tutorial 1 Getting Started with HTML 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 1
Creating a Website for a Food Vendor
Tutorial 2 Getting Started with CSS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 85
Designing a Website for a Fitness Club

Level II Tutorials
Tutorial 3 Designing a Page Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 175
Creating a Website for a Chocolatier
Tutorial 4 Graphic Design with CSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 273
Creating a Graphic Design for a Genealogy Website
Tutorial 5 Designing for the Mobile Web. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 361
Creating a Mobile Website for a Daycare Center

Level III Tutorials

Tutorial 6 Working with Tables and Columns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 451
Creating a Program Schedule for a Radio Station
Tutorial 7 Designing a Web Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 517
Creating a Survey Form
Tutorial 8 Enhancing a Website with Multimedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 601
Working with Sound, Video, and Animation
Tutorial 9 Getting Started with JavaScript. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 681
Creating a Countdown Clock
Tutorial 10 Exploring Arrays, Loops, and Conditional Statements. . . . HTML 751
Creating a Monthly Calendar
Appendix A Color Names with Color Values, and HTML Character
Entities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML A1
Appendix B HTML Elements and Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML B1
Appendix C Cascading Styles and Selectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML C1
Appendix D Making the Web More Accessible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML D1
Appendix E Designing for the Web. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML E1
Appendix F Page Validation with XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML F1

Glossary REF 1

Index REF 11

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii SESSION 1.2��HTML 22

Writing the Page Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 24

HTML LEVEL I TUTORIALS Using Sectioning Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 24
Tutorial 1 Getting Started with HTML 5 Comparing Sections in HTML 4 and HTML 5 . . HTML 26
Creating a Website for a Food Vendor . . . . . . . . . HTML 1
Using Grouping Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 26
SESSION 1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 2
Using Text-Level Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 29
Exploring the World Wide Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 4
Linking an HTML Document to a Style Sheet . . . . . HTML 32
Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 4
Working with Character Sets and Special
Locating Information on a Network . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 4 Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 33

Web Pages and Web Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 4 Character Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 33

Introducing HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 5 Character Entity References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 34

The History of HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 5 Working with Inline Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 36

Tools for Working with HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 6 Line Breaks and Other Empty Elements . . . . . . . HTML 38

Content Management Systems and Working with Block Quotes and Other Elements . . . HTML 39
Frameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 7
Session 1.2 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 45
Testing your Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 7
SESSION 1.3��HTML 46
Exploring an HTML Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 8
Working with Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 48
The Document Type Declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 8
Ordered Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 48
Introducing Element Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 9
Unordered Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 49
The Element Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 10
Description Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 51
Introducing Element Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 11
Navigation Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 55
Handling White Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 12
Working with Hypertext Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 57
Viewing an HTML File in a Browser . . . . . . . . . HTML 12
Turning an Inline Image into a Link . . . . . . . . . . HTML 59
Creating an HTML File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 13
Specifying the Folder Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 60
Creating the Document Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 15
Absolute Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 61
Setting the Page Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 16
Relative Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 61
Adding Metadata to the Document . . . . . . . . . . HTML 16
Setting the Base Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 62
Adding Comments to Your Document . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 18
Linking to a Location within a Document . . . . . . . . HTML 63
Session 1.1 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 21

Marking Locations with the id Attribute . . . . . . . HTML 63 RGB Color Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 99

Linking to an id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 63 HSL Color Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 101

Anchors and the name Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 63 Defining Semi-Opaque Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 102

Linking to the Internet and Other Resources . . . . . . HTML 64 Setting Text and Background Colors . . . . . . . . HTML 102

Linking to a Web Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 64 Employing Progressive Enhancement . . . . . . . . . . HTML 106

Linking to an Email Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 65 Session 2.1 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 107

Linking to a Phone Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 67

SESSION 2.2��HTML 108
Working with Hypertext Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 68
Exploring Selector Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 110
Validating Your Website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 69
Contextual Selectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 110
Session 1.3 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 71
Attribute Selectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 113
Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 76
Working with Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 117
Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 79
Choosing a Font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 117
Tutorial 2 Getting Started with CSS
Exploring Web Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 119
Designing a Website for a Fitness Club . . . . . . . HTML 85
The @font-face Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 120
SESSION 2.1 ��HTML 86
Setting the Font Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 123
Introducing CSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 88
Absolute Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 123
Types of Style Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 88
Relative Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 123
Viewing a Page Using Different Style Sheets . . . HTML 89
Scaling Fonts with ems and rems . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 124
Exploring Style Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 92
Using Viewport Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 125
Browser Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 92
Sizing Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 125
Embedded Style Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 93
Controlling Spacing and Indentation . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 127
Inline Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 93
Working with Font Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 129
Style Specificity and Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 94
Aligning Text Horizontally and Vertically . . . . . HTML 130
Style Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 94
Combining All Text Formatting in a
Browser Developer Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 95 Single Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 131

Creating a Style Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 96 Session 2.2 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 133

Writing Style Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 96

SESSION 2.3 ��HTML 136
Defining the Character Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 97
Formatting Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 138
Importing Style Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 98
Choosing a List Style Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 138
Working with Color in CSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 98
Creating an Outline Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 138
Color Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 98

Using Images for List Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 141 Working with Container Collapse . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 201

Setting the List Marker Position . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 142 Session 3.1 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 204

Working with Margins and Padding . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 143

SESSION 3.2��HTML 206
Setting the Padding Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 144
Introducing Grid Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 208
Setting the Margin and the Border Spaces . . . . HTML 146
Overview of Grid-Based Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 208
Using Pseudo-Classes and Pseudo-Elements . . . . . HTML 149
Fixed and Fluid Grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 209
Pseudo-Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 149
CSS Frameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 210
Pseudo-classes for Hypertext . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 152
Introducing CSS Grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 210
Pseudo-Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 154
Creating a CSS Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 213
Generating Content with CSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 155
Working with Grid Rows and Columns . . . . . . . . . HTML 215
Displaying Attribute Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 156
Track Sizes with Fractional Units . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 217
Inserting Quotation Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 157
Repeating Columns and Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 218
Validating Your Style Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 158
Applying a Grid Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 219
Session 2.3 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 160
Outlining a Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 221
Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 166
Placing Items within a Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 223
Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 169
Placing Items by Row and Column . . . . . . . . . . HTML 224

HTML LEVEL II TUTORIALS Using the span Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 226

Placing Grid Items by Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 228

Tutorial 3 Designing a Page Layout
Creating a Website for a Chocolatier . . . . . . . HTML 175 Defining the Grid Gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 232

SESSION 3.1 ��HTML 176 Managing Space within a Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 234

Introducing the display Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 178 Alignment for a Single Grid Cell . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 235

Creating a Reset Style Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 178 Aligning the Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 235

Exploring Page Layout Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 182 Session 3.2 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 237

Fixed, Fluid, and Elastic Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 182 SESSION 3.3 ��HTML 238
Working with Width and Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 184 Positioning Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 240
Setting Maximum and Minimum Dimensions . . HTML 184 The CSS Positioning Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 240
Centering a Block Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 187 Relative Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 240
Vertical Centering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 188 Absolute Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 241
Floating Page Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 189 Fixed and Inherited Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 244
Clearing a Float . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 193 Using the Positioning Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 244
Refining a Floated Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 197

Handling Overflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 254 Gradients and Color Stops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 315

Clipping an Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 257 Creating a Radial Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 316

Stacking Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 258 Repeating a Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 320

Session 3.3 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 260 Creating Semi-Transparent Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 322

Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 267 Session 4.2 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 324

Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 269

SESSION 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 326
Tutorial 4 Graphic Design with CSS
Transforming Page Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 328
Creating a Graphic Design for a
Genealogy Website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 273 Transformations in Three Dimensions . . . . . . . . HTML 332

Understanding Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 333

SESSION 4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 274
Exploring CSS Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 337
Creating Figure Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 276
Working with Image Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 341
Exploring Background Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 280
Defining a Client-Side Image Map . . . . . . . . . . HTML 341
Tiling a Background Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 281
Applying an Image Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 345
Attaching the Background Image . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 283
Session 4.3 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 347
Setting the Background Image Position . . . . . . HTML 283
Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 354
Defining the Extent of the Background . . . . . . HTML 284
Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 357
Sizing and Clipping an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 285

The background Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 286

Tutorial 5 Designing for the Mobile Web
Creating a Mobile Website for a Daycare Center . . HTML 361
Adding Multiple Backgrounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 288
SESSION 5.1 ��HTML 362
Working with Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 290
Introducing Responsive Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 364
Setting Border Width and Color . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 290
Introducing Media Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 365
Setting the Border Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 291
The @media Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 366
Creating Rounded Corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 293
Media Queries and Device Features . . . . . . . . . HTML 367
Applying a Border Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 297
Applying Media Queries to a Style Sheet . . . . . HTML 369
Session 4.1 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 301
Exploring Viewports and Device Width . . . . . . . . . HTML 372
SESSION 4.2 ��HTML 302
Creating a Mobile Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 375
Creating Drop Shadows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 304
Creating a Pulldown Menu with CSS . . . . . . . . HTML 376
Creating a Text Shadow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 304
Testing Your Mobile Website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 379
Creating a Box Shadow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 306
Creating a Tablet Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 383
Applying a Color Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 312
Creating a Desktop Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 387
Creating a Linear Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 312
Session 5.1 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 391

SESSION 5.2��HTML 392 Session 5.3 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 437

Introducing Flexible Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 394 Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 443

Defining a Flexible Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 394 Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 446

Cross-Browser Flexboxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 395

HTML LEVEL III TUTORIALS
Setting the Flexbox Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 395
Tutorial 6 Working with Tables and Columns
Working with Flex Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 397 Creating a Program Schedule for a Radio Station . . HTML 451
Setting the Flex Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 397
SESSION 6.1��HTML 452
Defining the Flex Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 398
Introducing Web Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 454
Defining the Shrink Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 399
Marking Tables and Table Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 454
The flex Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 401
Marking Table Headings and Table Data . . . . . HTML 456
Applying a Flexbox Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 402
Adding Table Borders with CSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 459
Reordering Page Content with Flexboxes . . . . . . . HTML 407
Spanning Rows and Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 464
Exploring Flexbox Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 409
Creating a Table Caption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 471
Aligning Items along the Main Axis . . . . . . . . . HTML 409
Session 6.1 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 475
Aligning Flex Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 410

Aligning Items along the Cross Axis . . . . . . . . . HTML 410 SESSION 6.2 ��HTML 476

Creating a Navicon Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 412 Creating Row Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 478

Session 5.2 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 417 Creating Column Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 482

Exploring CSS Styles and Web Tables . . . . . . . . . HTML 485

SESSION 5.3��HTML 418
Working with Width and Height . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 486
Designing for Printed Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 420
Applying Table Styles to Other
Previewing the Print Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 420 Page Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 490
Applying a Media Query for Printed Output . . . HTML 421 Tables and Responsive Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 492
Working with the @page Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 422 Designing a Column Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 496
Setting the Page Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 423 Setting the Number of Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 496
Using the Page Pseudo-Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 423 Defining Columns Widths and Gaps . . . . . . . . . HTML 498
Page Names and the Page Property . . . . . . . . HTML 423 Managing Column Breaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 501
Formatting Hypertext Links for Printing . . . . . HTML 428 Spanning Cell Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 503
Working with Page Breaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 431 Session 6.2 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 505
Preventing Page Breaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 432 Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 510
Working with Widows and Orphans . . . . . . . . . HTML 434 Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 512

Tutorial 7 Designing a Web Form Creating a Range Slider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 566

Creating a Survey Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 517
Suggesting Options with Data Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 569
SESSION 7.1 ��HTML 518 Working with Form Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 572
Introducing Web Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 520 Creating a Command Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 572
Parts of a Web Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 520 Creating Submit and Reset Buttons . . . . . . . . . HTML 572
Forms and Server-Based Programs . . . . . . . . . HTML 521 Designing a Custom Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 575
Starting a Web Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 522 Validating a Web Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 575
Interacting with the Web Server . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 523 Identifying Required Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 575
Creating a Field Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 525 Validating Based on Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 577
Marking a Field Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 525 Testing for a Valid Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 578
Adding a Field Set Legend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 526 Defining the Length of the Field Value . . . . . . . HTML 580
Creating Input Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 528 Applying Inline Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 581
Input Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 528 Using the focus Pseudo-Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 581
Input Types and Virtual Keyboards . . . . . . . . . HTML 531 Pseudo-Classes for Valid and Invalid Data . . . . HTML 583
Adding Field Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 532 Session 7.3 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 586
Designing a Form Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 534 Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 592
Defining Default Values and Placeholders . . . . . . . HTML 539 Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 595
Session 7.1 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 543 Tutorial 8 Enhancing a Website with Multimedia
Working with Sound, Video, and Animation . . . HTML 601
SESSION 7.2��HTML 544
SESSION 8.1 ��HTML 602
Entering Date and Time Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 546
Introducing Multimedia on the Web . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 604
Creating a Selection List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 547
Understanding Codecs and Containers . . . . . . . HTML 604
Working with select Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 549
Understanding Plug-Ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 605
Grouping Selection Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 551
Working with the audio Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 607
Creating Option Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 553
Browsers and Audio Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 607
Creating Check Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 556
Applying Styles to the Media Player . . . . . . . . HTML 610
Creating a Text Area Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 558
Providing a Fallback to an Audio Clip . . . . . . . . HTML 613
Session 7.2 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 561
Exploring Embedded Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 615
SESSION 7.3 ��HTML 562
Plug-In Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 615
Entering Numeric Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 564
Plug-Ins as Fallback Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 616
Creating a Spinner Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 564
Session 8.1 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 616

SESSION 8.2��HTML 618 The Development of JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 685

Exploring Digital Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 620 Working with the script Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 686

Video Formats and Codecs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 620 Loading the script Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 686

Using the HTML 5 video Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 621 Inserting the script Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 687

Adding a Text Track to Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 624 Creating a JavaScript Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 689

Making Tracks with WebVTT . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 625 Adding Comments to your JavaScript Code . . . HTML 689

Placing the Cue Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 628 Writing a JavaScript Command . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 690

Applying Styles to Track Cues . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 630 Understanding JavaScript Syntax . . . . . . . . . . HTML 691

Using Third-Party Video Players . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 634 Debugging Your Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 692

Exploring the Flash Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 635 Opening a Debugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 692

Embedding Videos from YouTube . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 636 Inserting a Breakpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 694

HTML 5 Video Players . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 637 Applying Strict Usage of JavaScript . . . . . . . . . HTML 695

Session 8.2 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 639 Session 9.1 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 697

SESSION 8.3 ��HTML 640 SESSION 9.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 698

Creating Transitions with CSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 642 Introducing Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 700

Introducing Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 642 Object References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 701

Setting the Transition Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 644 Referencing Object Collections . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 701

Delaying a Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 647 Referencing an Object by ID and Name . . . . . . HTML 703

Creating a Hover Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 647 Changing Properties and Applying Methods . . . . . HTML 704

Animating Objects with CSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 652 Object Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 704

The @keyframes Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 652 Applying a Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 704

Applying an Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 655 Writing HTML Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 705

Controlling an Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 658 Working with Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 709

Session 8.3 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 666 Declaring a Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 709

Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 673 Variables and Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 710

Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 676 Using a Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 711

Tutorial 9 Getting Started with JavaScript Working with Date Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 711
Creating a Countdown Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 681
Creating a Date Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 712
SESSION 9.1 ��HTML 682 Applying Date Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 713
Introducing JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 684 Setting Date and Time Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 716
Server-Side and Client-Side Programming . . . . HTML 684 Session 9.2 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 717

SESSION 9.3 ��HTML 718 Reversing an Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 763

Working with Operators and Operands . . . . . . . . . HTML 720 Sorting an Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 764

Using Assignment Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 720 Extracting and Inserting Array Items . . . . . . . . HTML 765

Calculating the Days Left in the Year . . . . . . . . HTML 721 Using Arrays as Data Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 766

Working with the Math Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 723 Session 10.1 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 769

Using Math Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 723

SESSION 10.2 �� HTML 770
Using Math Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 728
Working with Program Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 772
Working with JavaScript Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 730
Exploring the for Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 772
Calling a Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 732
Exploring the while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 774
Creating a Function to Return a Value . . . . . . . HTML 733
Exploring the do/while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 775
Running Timed Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 734
Comparison and Logical Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 776
Working with Time-Delayed Commands . . . . . . HTML 734
Program Loops and Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 777
Running Commands at Specified Intervals . . . . HTML 734
Array Methods to Loop Through Arrays . . . . . . HTML 780
Controlling How JavaScript Works with
Running a Function for Each Array Item . . . . . HTML 781
Numeric Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 736
Mapping an Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 781
Handling Illegal Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 736
Filtering an Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 782
Defining a Number Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 737
Session 10.2 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 785
Converting Between Numbers and Text . . . . . HTML 737

Session 9.3 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 739 SESSION 10.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 786
Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 744 Introducing Conditional Statements . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 788
Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 746 Exploring the if Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 789

Tutorial 10 Exploring Arrays, Loops, and Conditional Nesting if Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 791
Statements Exploring the if else Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 793
Creating a Monthly Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 751
Using Multiple else if Statements . . . . . . . . . . HTML 794
SESSION 10.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 752
Completing the Calendar App . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 796
Introducing the Monthly Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 754
Setting the First Day of the Month . . . . . . . . . HTML 797
Reviewing the Calendar Structure . . . . . . . . . . HTML 755
Placing the First Day of the Month . . . . . . . . . HTML 798
Adding the calendar() Function . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 756
Writing the Calendar Days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 799
Introducing Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 757
Highlighting the Current Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 801
Creating and Populating an Array . . . . . . . . . . HTML 758
Displaying Daily Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 803
Working with Array Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 761

Managing Program Loops and Conditional Appendix C Cascading Styles and Selectors . . HTML C1
Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 806
Appendix D Making the Web
Exploring the break Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 806
More Accessible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML D1
Exploring the continue Command . . . . . . . . . . HTML 806
Appendix E Designing for the Web. . . . . . . . . . HTML E1
Exploring Statement Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 807
Appendix F Page Validation with XHTML. . . . HTML F1
Session 10.3 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 809
GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .REF 1
Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 815

Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 817 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REF 11

Appendix A Color Names with Color Values,

and HTML Character Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML A1

Appendix B HTML Elements and Attributes. . . HTML B1

Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
TUTORIAL
1
O B J E C T I VES Getting Started
Session 1.1
• Explore the history of the web
• Create the structure of an
with HTML 5
HTML document Creating a Website for a Food Vendor
• Insert HTML elements and
attributes
• Insert metadata into a document
• Define a page title Case | Curbside Thai
Session 1.2 Sajja Adulet is the owner and master chef of Curbside Thai,
• Mark page structures with a restaurant owner and now food truck vendor in Charlotte,
sectioning elements North Carolina that specializes in Thai dishes. Sajja has hired
• Organize page content with you to develop the company’s website. The website will display
grouping elements information about Curbside Thai, including the truck’s daily
• Mark content with text-level locations, menu, catering opportunities, and contact information.
elements Sajja wants the pages to convey the message that customers will get
• Insert inline images the same great food and service whether they order in the restaurant
• Insert symbols based on
or from the food truck. Some of the materials for these pages have
character codes
already been completed by a former employee and Sajja needs you
Session 1.3 to finish the job by converting that work into a collection of web
• Mark content using lists page documents. To complete this task, you’ll learn how to write
• Create a navigation list and edit HTML 5 code and how to get your HTML files ready for
• Link to files within a website display on the World Wide Web.
with hypertext links
• Link to email addresses and
telephone numbers

STARTING DATA FILES

html01 tutorial review code1

ct_catering_txt.html mp_catering_txt.html code1-1_txt.html

ct_contact_txt.html mp_events_txt.html
ct_locations_txt.html mp_index_txt.html
ct_menu_txt.html mp_menu_txt.html + 5 files
ct_reviews._txt.html + 16 files

code2 code3 code4

code1-2_txt.html code1-3_txt.html + 7 files code1-4_txt.html + 2 files

case1 case2 demo

jtc_index_txt.html dr_faq_txt.html demo_characters.html

jtc_services_txt.html dr_index_txt.html demo_html.html
+ 6 files dr_info_txt.html + 9 files + 3 files
HTML 1

Session 1.1 Visual Overview:

The document type
declaration is a processing The <html> tag
instruction indicating the marks the
markup language used in beginning of the
the document. HTML document.

The <head> tag marks

the document head
containing information An HTML comment is a
about the document. descriptive note added
to the HTML file.
The <meta> tag marks
metadata containing The <title> tag marks
information about the the page title that
document. appears on the browser
title bar or browser tab.

The <body> tag marks

the document body
containing all of the
content that will
appear in the page.

An opening tag marks

the start of the element
content; this tag marks
the start of page footer.

© Kzenon/Shutterstock.com;
A closing tag marks the © martiapunts/Shutterstock.com;
end of the element © Brian A Jackson/Shutterstock.com;
content; this tag marks the © sayhmog/Shutterstock.com;
end of the page footer. © rangizzz/Shutterstock.com

The Structure of an HTML Document

Document as it appears
in the browser.

The exact layout of the

document elements is
determined by a style
sheet and not by the
document markup.

com; Brian A Jackson/Shutterstock.com; A Studios/Shutterstock.com; rangizzz/
Shutterstock.com

Exploring the World Wide Web

It is no exaggeration to say that the World Wide Web has had as profound an effect on
human communication as the printing press. One key difference is that operation of the
printing press was limited to a few select tradesmen but on the web everyone can be a
publisher of a website. Before creating your first website, you’ll examine a short history
of the web because that history impacts the way you write code for your web pages.
You’ll start by exploring the basic terminology of computer networks.

Networks
A network is a structure in which information and services are shared among devices
known as nodes or hosts. A host can be any device that is capable of sending or
receiving data electronically. The most common hosts that you will work with are
desktop computers, laptops, tablets, mobile phones, and printers.
A host that provides information or a service to other devices on the network is
called a server. For example, a print server provides printing services; a file server
provides storage space for saving and retrieving files. The device receiving these
services is called a client. A common network design is the client-server network,
in which the clients access information provided by one or more servers.
Networks are classified based on the range of devices they cover. A network
confined to a small geographic area, such as within a building or department, is
referred to as a local area network or LAN. A network that covers a wider area, such as
several buildings or cities, is called a wide area network or WAN. Wide area networks
typically consist of two or more interconnected local area networks. The largest WAN
in existence is the Internet, which incorporates an almost uncountable number of
networks and hosts involving computers, mobile devices (such as phones, tablets, and
so forth), MP3 players, and gaming systems.

Locating Information on a Network

The biggest obstacle to effectively using the Internet is the network’s sheer scope and
size. Most of the early Internet tools required users to master a bewildering array of
terms, acronyms, and commands. Because network users had to be well versed in
computers and network technology, Internet use was largely limited to programmers
and computer specialists working for universities, large businesses, and the
government.
The solution to this problem was developed in 1989 by Timothy Berners-Lee and
other researchers at the CERN nuclear research facility near Geneva, Switzerland.
They needed an information system that would make it easy for their researchers to
locate and share data on the CERN network, and so developed a system of hypertext
documents. Hypertext is a method of organization in which data sources are
interconnected through a series of links or hyperlinks activated to jump from one data
source to another. Hypertext is ideally suited for the Internet because end users don’t
need to know where a service is located—they only need to know how to activate
the link. The effectiveness of this technique quickly spread beyond Geneva and was
adopted across the Internet. The totality of these interconnected hypertext documents
became known as the World Wide Web. The fact that the Internet and the World
Wide Web are synonymous in many users’ minds is a testament to the success of the
hypertext approach.

Web Pages and Web Servers

Documents on the web are stored on web servers in the form of web pages and
accessed through a software program called a web browser. The browser retrieves the

document from the web server and renders it in a form readable on a client device.
However, because there is a wide selection of client devices ranging from desktop
computers to mobile phones to screen readers that relay data aurally, each web page
must be written in code that is compatible with every device. How does the same
document work with so many different devices? To understand, you need to look at
how web pages are created.

Introducing HTML
A web page is a simple text file written in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). You’ve
already read about hypertext, but what is a markup language? A markup language is
a language that describes the content and structure of a document by “marking up”
or tagging, different document elements. For example, this tutorial contains several
document elements such as the tutorial title, main headings, subheadings, paragraphs,
figures, figure captions, and so forth. Using a markup language, each of these elements
could be tagged as a distinct item within the “tutorial document.” Thus, a Hypertext
Markup Language is a language that supports tagging distinct document elements and
connecting documents through hypertext links.

The History of HTML

In the early years, no single organization defined the rules or syntax of HTML. Browser
developers were free to define and modify the language in different ways that, of
course, led to problems as different browsers supported different “flavors” of HTML
and a web page that was written based on one browser’s standard might appear totally
different when rendered by another browser. Ultimately, a group of web designers
and programmers called the World Wide Web Consortium, or the W3C, settled on
a set of standards or specifications for all browser manufacturers to follow. The W3C
has no enforcement power, but, because using a uniform language is in everyone’s
best interest, the W3C’s recommendations are usually followed, though not always
immediately. Each new version of HTML goes through years of discussion and testing
before it is formally adopted as the accepted standard. For more information on the
W3C and its services, see its website at www.w3.org.
By 1999, HTML had progressed to the fourth version of the language, HTML 4.01,
which provided support for multimedia, online commerce, and interactive scripts
running within the web page. However, there were still many incompatibilities in
how HTML was implemented across different browsers and how HTML code was
written by web developers. The W3C sought to take control of what had been a
haphazard process and enforce a stricter set of standards in a different version of
the language called XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language). By 2002, the
W3C had released the specifications for XHTML 1.1. But XHTML 1.1 was intended to
be only a minor upgrade on the way to XHTML 2.0, which would correct many of the
deficiencies found in HTML 4.01 and become the future language of the web. One
problem was that XHTML 2.0 would not be backward compatible with HTML and, as a
result, older websites could not be easily brought into the new standard.
Web designers rebelled at this development and, in response, the Web Hypertext
Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) was formed in 2004 with the
mission to develop a rival version to XHTML 2.0, called HTML 5. Unlike XHTML 2.0,
HTML 5 would be compatible with earlier versions of HTML and would not apply the
same strict standards that XHTML demanded. For several years, it was unclear which
specification would win out; but by 2006, work on XHTML 2.0 had completely stalled
and the W3C issued a new charter for WHATWG to develop HTML 5 as the de facto
standard for the next generation of HTML. You can learn more about WHATWG and its
current projects at www.whatwg.org. The current version of HTML is HTML 5.2, which
achieved Recommendation status in 2017.

As HTML has evolved, features and code found in earlier versions of the language
are often deprecated, or phased out, and while deprecated features might not be part
You can find out which
browsers support the of HTML 5, that doesn’t mean that you won’t encounter them in your work—indeed, if
features of HTML 5 by you are maintaining older websites, you will often need to interpret code from earlier
going to the website versions of HTML. Moreover, there are still many older browsers and devices in active
caniuse.com. use that do not support HTML 5. Thus, a major challenge for website designers is
writing code that takes advantage of HTML 5 but is still accessible to older technology.
Figure 1–1 summarizes some of the different versions of HTML that have been
implemented over the years. You can read detailed specifications for these versions at
the W3C website.

Figure 1–1 HTML version history

Version Date Description

HTML 1.0 1989 The first public version of HTML
HTML 2.0 1995 HTML version that added interactive elements including web
forms
HTML 3.2 1997 HTML version that provided additional support for web
tables and expanded the options for interactive form
elements and a scripting language
HTML 4.01 1999 HTML version that added support for style sheets to
give web designers greater control over page layout and
appearance, and provided support for multimedia elements
such as audio and video
XHTML 1.0 2001 A reformulation of HTML 4.01 using the XML markup
language in order to provide enforceable standards for
HTML content and to allow HTML to interact with other XML
languages
XHTML 2.0 discontinued in 2009 The follow-up version to XHTML 1.1 designed to fix some of
the problems inherent in HTML 4.01 syntax
HTML 5.0 2012 HTML version providing support for mobile design, semantic
page elements, column layout, form validation, offline
storage, and enhanced multimedia
HTML 5.2 2017 The current version of HTML 5

This book focuses on HTML 5, but you will also review some of the specifications
for HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.1. Deprecated features from older versions of HTML will
be noted as such in the text.

Tools for Working with HTML

Because HTML documents are simple text files, the first tool you will need is a text
editor. You can use a basic text editor such as Windows Notepad or TextEdit for the
Macintosh, but it is highly recommended that you use one of the many inexpensive
editors that provide built-in support for HTML. These editors include syntax checking
to weed out errors and automatic insertion of HTML code. Some of the more popular
HTML editors are Notepad++ (notepad-plus-plus.org), Eclipse (www.eclipse.org), and
CoffeeCup (www.coffeecup.com).
These enhanced editors are a good way to start learning HTML and they will be all
you need for most basic projects, but professional web developers working on large
websites will quickly gravitate toward using a web IDE (Integrated Development
Environment), which is a software package providing comprehensive coverage of all

phases of the development process from writing HTML code to creating scripts for
programs running on web servers. Some of the popular IDEs for web development
include Adobe Dreamweaver (www.adobe.com), Aptana Studio (www.aptana.com),
NetBeans IDE (netbeans.org), and Komodo IDE (komodoide.com). Web IDEs can be
very expensive, but most software companies will provide a free evaluation period for
you to test their product to see if it meets your needs.

Content Management Systems and Frameworks

You can also invest in a web content management system (wcms) which provides
authoring tools for website content and administration. Management systems provide
prepackaged templates so that users can get websites up and running with only a
minimal knowledge of HTML. Popular content management systems include WordPress
(www.wordpress.org), Joomla (www.joomla.org), and Drupal (www.drupal.org).
Content management systems are not without drawbacks. A wcms can be expensive
to maintain and put extra load on server resources. In addition, the templates and
authoring tools can be difficult to modify if they don’t exactly meet your needs.
A website usually involves the integration of many technologies and languages
beyond HTML, including databases for storing and retrieving data and programs
running on the web server for managing electronic commerce and communication.
Managing all those technologies is the job of a web framework that provides the
foundation of the design and deployment of web applications. Popular frameworks
include Ruby on Rails (rubyonrails.org), ASP.NET (www.asp.net), AngularJS (angularjs.org),
and Django (www.djangoproject.com).
Choosing among all these tools might seem intimidating to you. The bottom line is
that no matter what tools you use, the final code for the website is written in HTML. So,
even if that code is generated by a framework or content management system, you still
need to understand HTML to effectively manage your website. In this book, we’ll try to
keep things as simple as possible: just you, a text editor, and a web browser creating a
foundation for future study.

Testing your Code

Once you’ve written your code, you can test whether your HTML code employs proper
You can analyze syntax and structure by validating it at the W3C validation website (validator.w3.org).
each browser for its Validators, like the one available through the W3C website, are programs that test code
compatibility with to ensure that it contains no syntax errors. The W3C validator will highlight all of the
HTML 5 at the website syntax errors in your document with suggestions about how to fix those errors.
www.html5test.com.
Finally, you’ll need to test it to ensure that your content is rendered correctly.
You should test your code under a variety of screen resolutions, on several different
browsers and, if possible, on different versions of the same browser because users are
not always quick to upgrade their browsers. What may look good on a widescreen
monitor might look horrible on a mobile phone. At a minimum you should test your
website using the following popular browsers: Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Apple
Safari, Mozilla Firefox, and Opera.
It is not always possible to load multiple versions of the same browser on
one computer, so, in order to test a website against multiple browser versions,
professional designers will upload their code to online testing services that report
on the website’s compatibility across a wide range of browsers, screen resolutions,
and devices, including both desktop and mobile devices. Among the popular
testing services are BrowserStack (www.browserstack.com), CrossBrowserTesting
(www.crossbrowsertesting.com), and Browsera (www.browsera.com). Most of these
sites charge a monthly connection fee with a limited number of testing minutes, so you
should not upload your code until you are past the initial stages of development.

THE CYCLING FEVER BREAKS OUT IN RANGOON—PRIZE FIGHTING UNDER

REMARKABLE RULES—ACROSS THE BAY OF BENGAL TO CALCUTTA.

Cycling in Burmah proved extremely monotonous, and the dullest of all the dreary rides
we experienced were here. Nowhere was there a variety of scene or change from the
level valley, with its dusty, winding roads stretching out under the blistering tropical sun.
The air was ever stifling hot; it smarted our dilated nostrils; seemed to stuff our gasping
lungs and blister the backs of our hands and necks, and a ride of three hours at a stretch
caused us to relax into a sort of stupor, from which we could only arouse ourselves by
repeated efforts. Had we reached Burmah during the fall of the year, we could have
made good progress, but now tedious delays, entirely beyond our control, hampered us,
and we had to face not only the famine and plague-infested land, but the white man’s
greatest enemy, the summer sun, which, in its molten glare, kept the temperature above
100, night and day, making death and heat apoplexy quite as possible as from the
epidemic of cholera and bubonic fever. We left Mandalay at daybreak on March 1, and
started over the dusty roads to Rangoon, 400 miles south. Mandalay had been the point
which we had selected to observe the characteristics and customs of the natives, and,
unlike the efforts put forth in the same channel in China, we found the duties pleasant
and fraught with happy little incidents. Burmans resemble the Japanese to a certain
extent; not so cleanly, energetic, intelligent or independent, but possessing the same
admirable faculty of being happy, smiling and self-complacent under circumstances
which would fill any other being’s soul with pessimistic vagaries. Farming, carpentry
and carving appear to be the only occupations left them, for everywhere was seen the
submissive black who followed the rush of England into the land of milk and honey and
rice and rubies.

“Othello’s occupation gone” is true of the Burman. Blacks are the scavengers, sweepers,
table servants, cooks, butlers, porters, coachmen, tailors and merchants. Eurasians, the
half-castes, whose yellow skin and coarse black hair betray their early English ancestors,
and the blacks are selected to act as clerks, hospital attendants, telegraph operators and
railroad clerks. “Baboo,” the English and natives call them, and, if another letter had
only been added to the name, the term would have been quite appropriate. With all these
occupations lost to him, the native still appears to do well, always in silk and spotless
muslin, smoking incessantly cigarettes or huge cheroots, which scatter sparks like a
working fire engine. The women of the Indian races act as laundresses, nurses and
maids. Thus, with almost all the natural trades and occupations taken by invaders, little
is left for the Burman but the profession of thief and thief-catcher, both synonymous in
Burmah, where a policeman is feared not for his authority, but for the blackmailing such
office permits him to levy upon wrong-doers and innocent upon whom suspicion rests.

We had many companions on the road to Rangoon. On every side were Burmans on foot,
on horse, and in the low-roofed box-like carts, which creaked and groaned as the gentle,
curved-horned beasts drew them along. We passed Indians who walked hand-in-hand,
and Chinese gardeners who swung along at a rapid pace, though their backs were bowed
with the weight of fresh vegetables. Bicycles did not seem to attract much attention in
the motley throng, the only persons acting as though our presence was unusual being the
women bathing around the stone-topped wells, and they only because the icy waters that
dashed and poured over their bodies had caused the only garment they wore, a short,
scant skirt, to cling closely to their limbs, revealing every outline of symmetrical figures.

THE BICYCLE SURPRISES THE BURMANS.—(See Page 81.).

The craze for wheeling had just reached an interesting stage in Rangoon at the time of
our visit. The demand for machines exceeded the supply, and as a result there was to be
seen every morning and evening the most interesting parade of antiquities ever
witnessed outside of a bicycle show. American machines of modern make were a close
second to the new English product, but wheels entitled to the utmost respect due to old
age formed the creaking, groaning majority. The riders, too, were curious, the Europeans
first in numbers, Eurasians second, and the Indian-Chinese-Burman, the mongrel of all
Asia, making up the balance. The positions, too, some of the riders assumed were
remarkable. The “hump” had not reached the far East, the rat-trap pedal and toe-clip
were unknown, and with handle-bars wide as the horns of a Texas steer, seats suspended
on coil after coil of spring, low and set far back over the rear wheel, the tread eight and
ten inches wide, the riders reversed the “hump” and appeared to be sitting on the dorsal
vertebra, pumping much as a bather swimming on his back. There were many places of
historical interest in and around Rangoon, and as all points were available by cycle, our
good old wheels were kept busy. The turning point of our morning spins, the teak lumber
yards, permitted sights which would delight the little folks at home as much as they
secured the attention of tourists here. Elephants, great, huge, dirty fellows, void of all the
tinsel trappings of the circus, were the attraction, as daily they performed the most
arduous labor which in America is done by cranes and derricks. In harness of chains, the
beasts drew enormous logs from the river to the carriage at the saws, and with ropes
wound around their trunks they dragged the rough slabs into a yard and piled them in
precise heaps. With trunk coiled as a cushion against their tusks, they pushed enormous
pieces of timber into the proper places, each piece being placed in exact position, with
the ends carefully “trimmed.” Gentle and meek as the laborers are in appearance, as,
with flapping ears and timid little eyes, they obey their commands, they sometimes
become mutinous. In the McGregor yard, which we visited one morning, we were shown
one of the largest and best workers of the herd, who had just been released from “jail.”
He had been in confinement four months, laden with chains, deprived of delicacies, and
treated as a criminal, simply because he had wantonly walked upon and then tossed his
keeper into the air. The beast apparently realized the disgrace which had been heaped
upon him, for he obeyed his new master without even pausing to blow dust on his back
or plaster his huge sides with cooling, fly-proof mud.

With the advent of English rule in Burmah, native athletic sport degenerated, and
became supplanted in time by horse races of most corrupt nature. When I state that the
racing is corrupt I have but to cite two instances which occurred at the meeting of the
Mandalay Club during our visit to that city. A captain in Her Majesty’s army placed
3,000 against 1,000 rupees that a certain horse, which we will designate as A, would win
over the field presenting two horses, B and C. Of the latter, C was clearly outclassed,
consequently the race was between A and B. You may judge of the bookmakers' surprise
when they learned in the afternoon that the gallant captain was to ride B, the horse he
had bet against. The race had but one possible outcome, A won. Another race was started
and finished in absolute darkness. No lights were used on the tracks, the horses were
dark in color, and the jockeys the same, but the judge readily named the winner, and the
bookmakers lost again.

A native prize fight is even more remarkable, though always conducted “on the square.”
I do not know the rules governing the ring in Burmah, but so few methods of attack are
barred that one need not bother himself on that point. Biting, hair-pulling and kicking a
fallen opponent are the only prohibited acts. I was invited to be present at a series of
combats which took place in the arena near the Shway Dagon pagoda in Rangoon.
Facing each other, the fighters stood a pace apart, the referees opposite each other, also,
forming a square. The referees clapped their chests, the combatants smote themselves
likewise, there was a great roar of voices, and before I could really notice how it
happened, the fighters were wriggling on the tanbark. A flash of dark skins through the
sun’s rays, the clapping sounds of palms on necks, backs and thighs, a catherine wheel of
legs, arms, heads and tanbark, and the round was over. Separated by the referees, the
men retired to their corners, drank bottles of soda water, took fresh chews of betel nut,
and good-naturedly listened to the gratuitous advice from their friends in the audience.
The referees called round two by slapping their chests. The fighters were more cautious
as they went at each other, the up-country man opening the round by kicking his
antagonist in the chest. A vicious uppercut with a swinging knee was next landed by the
local man, and as it reached the curry and rice department of the up-country man, events
looked bright for Rangoon. Blows, swung right and left, up and down, were delivered
like a man chopping wood. The Rangoon man made a supreme effort to feint, and in
doing so he actually struck something, and unexpectedly ended the bout. Leaping high in
the air, he kicked the up-country man square on the nose. The blood flew, and the fight
was over. Blood drawn, if only from a scratch, constitutes a victory for the unbled one,
and two minutes later the fighters had received their reward, coins tossed into the ring by
spectators.

Two years to a day after leaving Chicago we walked up the gang-plank of the steamship
“Africa,” booked for Calcutta, only three days across the formidable Bay of Bengal.
Mrs. McIlrath developed her usual attack of sea sickness, though the water was
unruffled, and was kept in her cabin for the entire voyage, leaving me to occupy the
daylight hours wandering among the deck passengers. The first impression one receives
on landing at the port of Calcutta is that the city is one vast cab stand. “Gharries,” as the
natives' hacks are called, line the walks, crowd the streets, rest under the shades of trees
in parks, and stand at the curb in front of hotels and shops. The dust, rattle and bang
caused by these shaky, dirty vehicles, which are dragged about by horses at snail’s pace,
is a nuisance second only to the tram cars, and one which would be tolerated only by
custom-bound, “strictly-in-form” Englishmen. Streets in Calcutta wander aimlessly
along, similar to the rail fences in Indiana, and the buildings, uniformly of staff-covered
brick, are of every imaginable size and shape, as if architects were of one mind in
determining to try all kinds in an effort to obtain one adapted to the climate. Sidewalks,
roads and paths are packed with white-clad natives, barefooted and bareheaded, in the
awful glare of heat, which strikes horses dead, unless their heads are protected, yet none
of the blacks appear to suffer. Doors of hotels and shops are kept open, but hanging in
the apertures are heavy mats of a peculiar grass, which coolies wet with pails of water,
and by which means the air is cooled. Everywhere the heat is talked about and guarded
against, and yet, with huge fans swung constantly over one’s head, with cooling draughts
on a table by your side, the perspiration pours from every part of the body. One hundred
and ten degrees in the shady corridors of the Continental hotel, the coolest in all India,
98 degrees at night, and this was the country we crossed on bicycles, involving over
2,000 miles' travel, and beyond the pale of ice or daily clean clothes! Bicycles are ridden
extensively in Calcutta, comparatively speaking more than 3,000 wheels being
enumerated in the tax list at the time I was in the city. There are, however, only about
three months in the year favorable to riding—December, January and February. In other
months cycling is tolerable only between the hours of 5 and 8 in the morning and
evening. This, of course, applies only to the Europeans, and not to the natives, who ride
in the intense heat of midday without the slightest difficulty. A sight calculated to arouse
laughter in a wooden cigar sign is one of the proud possessors of an old solid-tire, with
hammock saddle and wide handle-bars, as he plows along the road, making erratic dives,
like misbalanced kites.

The most frequented road is a short strip on the Maidan, an enormous clearing, five and
seven-eighths miles in circumference, in which is situated Fort Williams. Roads of fine
macadam skirt the park, and amid cricket, golf and football grounds are statues and
columns erected to Englishmen who have performed satisfactory duties in India. Eden
Garden, at one end of the Maidan, is a beautiful spot, and here, morning and evening, a
well-directed band plays sweet music to charm Calcutta’s conglomerated inhabitants.
Cycling in early evening along the Strand is also gratifying. The street is crowded with
women in white and red robes, silver anklets and bracelets, their head and matchless
figures but faintly concealed by flimsy togs. Burning ghats are also erected on the river
shore. The Calcutta burning ghats on the Strand road affords accommodation for the
cremation of sixteen bodies simultaneously. In appearance, the crematory is
unpretentious, simply a low-roofed structure divided into an alcove, and two waiting
rooms for mourners. The Inter Ocean cyclists visited the crematory, and were shown
throughout the establishment by an aged Hindoo, who superintended the force of men
who kept going the coals under fifteen pyres. Not of less interest, but far less
disagreeable, is a distinctively Calcutta feature. Kali ghat. This is a temple devoted to
Kali, goddess of destruction, reputed in Hindoo lore to possess a thirst for blood, and to
appease and propitiate whom live sacrifices are made. Formerly human beings were
offered, but under British rule the custom was abolished, and kids and goats substituted.
Decapitation is the method offered, and as fast as sacrifices are brought forward, the
bleeding little things are seized by the ears, the priest makes a cutting slash with a heavy
knife, and the headless trunk is thrown to the ground. We witnessed the religious rites of
Japanese and Chinese, and we had seen the medicine-dances of the American Indians,
but nothing approaches the furious fanaticism and the frenzy of the Hindoo at Kali ghat.
Men shouted themselves hoarse, women screamed and tore each other’s clothes at the
shrine of the goddess. It took the assistance of half a dozen hired blacks to force for us
an entrance into the temple, and rushes of worshipers were so great that thrice we were
swept back ere we obtained a glimpse of the hideous deity. Her face and figure a blood
red; with multiple arms swaying like the tentacles of an octopus; her face distorted with
blood red tongues; a necklace of skulls about her throat, the goddess Kali is indeed the
representation of destruction. Gross, hideous and repulsive as was the figure, the effect
was heightened by the maddened crowd, who, with wild shrieks, tossed offerings of
flowers at the fiendish idol in their effort to escape from the calamities, believed in their
pagan minds, to be brought about by neglecting to satiate the goddess' greed for
bloodshed and crime. Amid such surroundings it was not to be wondered at that our
minds reverted to the fact that “ghazi,” the assassination of Christians, is still in vogue in
India, and that one of the devout worshipers might easily plunge a knife in our backs,
and thus earn his way to Hindoo heaven with ease and glory. I can assure my readers that
we felt easier and more comfortable when once more in our gharry and the horses on a
dead run en route back to the hotel. We learned from a priest at the ghat why Calcutta is
so named, the title being a British corruption of Kalikata, the name bestowed by the
Emperor Akbar, in 1596, in commemoration of the proximity of Kali ghat. We were in
Calcutta two weeks before the cycling fraternity knew of our arrival. When they finally
discovered our presence, we floated along on a wave of popularity. Cyclists, dealers and
agents were our daily companions and callers. American machines were well-known and
liked, and wood rims and single-tube tires were looked upon with doubt, but after an
inspection of the hardest-used pair of wheels the world ever knew, wood rims and single
tubes took on the ascendency.
CHAPTER XVII.

NIGHT RIDING THROUGH INDIA TO ESCAPE THE HEAT—THREE IMPUDENT

ENGLISH WHEELMEN ENCOUNTERED AT BENARES.

We left Calcutta early on the morning of May 4, taking the Strand road, across the sacred
Hoogly river by means of the Jubilee bridge. We were accompanied for a brief distance
by Mr. W. S. Burke, editor of the Asian, the only legitimate sporting paper in the East. To
this gentleman were the Inter Ocean tourists indebted for maps, guidance and excellent
entertainment while in the city. He piloted us through a road shaded by magnificent palm
trees, an avenue 40 feet wide, level as a billiard table and smooth as asphalt. Mr. Burke
informed us that this was the “Grand Trunk” road, our path across India from shore to
shore. Most of our riding was done at a fast clip, in spite of the fact that we carried full
luggage cases, camera, guns, water canteens, lamps, and bells to the extent of 50 pounds
each. Only twice did we dismount in the twenty-five-mile run to Chandernagore, once to
induce a cautious gate tender at a railroad crossing to open the gates, the second time to
view the terrible cars of Juggernaut. Much has been written concerning these vehicles
and the manner in which they are hauled about on festive occasions, and in former days
crushed out the lives of hundreds of devout fanatics, who endeavored to reach heaven by
self-sacrifice. One would naturally believe that such barbaric practice had been done
away with by British rule, but such is not the case, and, despite the presence of police
and soldiery, each time the towering car is hauled out by worshipers some poor, weak-
minded wretch hurls himself under the ponderous wooden rollers.
“As the cycle lamp’s rays penetrated the gloom they revealed a large, fine cheetah, or panther, crouched in
the edge of the brush, his eyes fixed on the glare of my lamp, his fangs disclosed in deadly array.” (See
Page 94).

Burke, good-natured, fat and jolly, left us at Chandernagore, but not before a breakfast at
the same hotel where, three years ago, he had breakfasted with poor Lenz, served by the
same woman, who spoke also of “the fine little lad” who was lost in Armenia. Intense
heat made riding dangerous during the day, and after we left Burdwan, on May 5 (81
miles from Calcutta), the greater part of our progress was accomplished at night. We
never realized what Indian heat signified until now. The coolness of night offers many
inducements for bullock-cart caravans to travel, and a sharp outlook has to be
maintained for these obstacles. Our arrival at the Hotel de Paris in Benares, on May 12,
completed one-fourth the run across India, a total of 496 miles from Calcutta,
representing a succession of night rides, with stops for refreshment and rest at the
bungalows along the route. Night riding in India is the only way to avoid paralyzing
heat, but it has its terrors and dangers, and after some of my experiences in the jungle
between Delhi and Benares, I should say that if I had the trip to make over again, I
should undoubtedly trust to the mercies of the sun. We encountered leopards by the
score, and though leopards in India are not supposed to attack humans, we could not
help our misgivings at the sight of the graceful creatures, as they silently bounded their
way through the jungle.
Our arrival at the Hotel de Paris caused much excitement. The English do not read
newspapers as generally as do the Americans, and, with but one exception, not one man
around the hotel had the slightest idea who we were, where we were from, or what we
were doing. In fact, after reading the “World’s Tour for the Inter Ocean, Chicago, U. S.
A.,” as printed in large white letters on our luggage cases, many asked us politely, “Pray,
what is the meaning of the legend?” We had learned while in Calcutta that Messrs.
Lowe, Lum and Frazer, who had left England on a cycling tour of the world in 1896,
were on their way across India, and that in all probability we would meet them in
Benares. We looked forward with much pleasure to the occasion of joining hands with
cyclists who understood the hardships of great journeys in strange lands, but the meeting
occasioned us an unexpected set-back in our natural affection for fellow wheelmen. The
trio arrived on the second day of our visit in Benares, and immediately sent word that
they wanted to see me. I called upon them, and was greatly surprised to ascertain that
they looked upon Mrs. McIlrath and myself as frauds. They questioned me closely as to
my journey, and concluded by commenting upon the strangeness of the fact that they had
never heard of us before. This I did not regard as unseeming, since few of the inhabitants
of “the tight little isle” do know what is occurring in the greater part of the world not
under British taxation. Fifteen minutes' conversation with the Frazer outfit convinced me
that the new aspirants to globe-girdling honors entertained little respect for Americans in
general, and ourselves in particular. Lenz they declared emphatically a nonentity in
cycling history; Tom Stevens was totally unreliable, and as for ourselves, we had
undergone no hardships, and were comparatively new. They probably did not like
Stevens because he was the original “round the world on bicycles;” Lenz because he had
accomplished single-handed more up to the time of his death than these fellows could
accomplish over the route they had selected, if they completed their program; and Mrs.
McIlrath came in for her share of contempt because a wee, slender woman, she had
encompassed what they averred they would attempt, in a number strong enough to cross
the threshold of any earthly inferno with impunity.

Their object in circling the world was simply to make the journey, selecting the shortest,
most expeditious route, and arriving home as quickly as possible. Frazer was once a
“journalist,” he informed me, but had deserted journalism to become an author, and write
stories for a magazine called the “Golden Penny.” While I confessed knowledge to the
existence of the Strand, Pall Mall and other magazines in England, I dropped another
peg lower in the estimation of my friends because the “Golden Penny” was not included
in my list of acquaintances. The machines the cyclists rode were, of course, English
make, weighed twelve pounds more than our own, and were equipped with mud guards,
gear cases and brakes. The tires were double-tube, and the fourth pair for each machine
were now in use, while we were using the same set of single tubes placed on our wheels
in America. Their machines showed signs of wear, the front forks of each having been
broken, and now, after only one year’s use, the frames creaked painfully and the
apparatus generally looked badly “used up.” The luggage of each man was carried in a
small valise fastened on the mud guard over the rear wheel, and large tool bags hung in
the angles of the frame. Each carried a short-barreled, cheap revolver, and Lowe, the
most gentlemanly and intelligent of the trio, carried a camera. It is needless to comment
further upon these gentlemen. They announced their intention of visiting America, and
one declared, as I informed him how cordial he would find our cyclists, mayors,
governors, and even the president: “We shall not bother about Americans much; after
being entertained by the Shah of Persia, we have decided to let your American
dignitaries alone.”

We were entertained, while at Benares, in the castle at Fort Ramnagar by the Maharajah
of Benares, one of the native princes of India. His Highness sent a magnificently
appointed carriage to the hotel for us, with the proper quota of coachmen and liveried
footmen; greeted us in excellent English, and soon displayed his foreign tendencies by
direct inquiry about cycling, American foot-ball and base-ball, proudly assuring us that
he was an enthusiastic foot-ball and polo player. Nothing but our anxiety to get home led
us to decline his urgent invitation to remain his guest for a fortnight, and enjoy a jungle
hunt from the backs of trained elephants. The kindness of the Maharajah did not cease
with our visit to the palace, but each day we were the recipients of delicious fruit fresh
from his garden, and upon our departure, on May 22, we carried letters of introduction to
native gentlemen and officials along our route, who were requested to show us every
attention and furnish us desired information which would prove of interest to the readers
of the Inter Ocean at home. Still holding to the Grand Trunk road, we set out for
Allahabad. The road was lonely and monotonous, and a few miles out from Benares
there burst upon us a typical tropical tornado. In a second’s time the air was darkened
and filled with sand. Striking us from a quarter over our right shoulders, the force of the
wind pushed us along at a frightful rate. Sand struck against our goggles with a gritting
crunch, filled our nostrils and ears, and forced its way into our mouths. Leaves and twigs
struck our faces with stinging force, and shrieking and groaning under pressure of the
terrible blasts, the trees along the road threatened every moment to crush us. It was after
dusk when the storm subsided, and we found shelter in a village 25 miles away from
Benares. On May 27, in Allahabad, we were given an example of India’s fiercest heat.
Thermometers indoors, under the influence of fans, exhibited 112 degrees, and in the
sunlight open the gauge showed 165 degrees, heat almost beyond the comprehension of
Americans. We remained but one day in the oven-like hotel, starting at 4 o’clock the
next morning, riding until 9, then resting along the roadway until nightfall, making the
journey by such easy stages to Cawnpore, “the Manchester of India.”
AT MEMORIAL WELL, CAWNPORE.—(See Page 92).

Places of historical interest in Cawnpore are calculated as four in number: first, the site
of the government magazine, where Gen. Wheeler, in charge of Cawnpore forces in
1857, should have erected his fortifications of defense; second, the memorial church and
the open field south of the structure, where he did assemble his limited force and the
refugees; third, the Suttee Chowra ghat, where the massacre of the retiring troops and
civilians took place; and fourth and last, Memorial Garden, which commemorates the
massacre of the company of women and children, and the well into which the living
were cast with the dead. We left Cawnpore on Monday, June 1, for Lucknow, one of the
most populous cities of India, situated directly east fifty miles. We sought out the main
road without much difficulty, but for the first seven miles we had any amount of trouble,
through about as rough and uneven bit of country as one could imagine. As we had left
Cawnpore at 5 o’clock in the afternoon, we had run up only 20 miles to our credit ere
darkness compelled us to light our lamps. While engaged in this operation our attention
was attracted by awful groans at one side of the roadway. Thinking some poor outcast
was dying, I selected one of the lamps and proceeded to investigate. A wide ditch barred
my progress at the edge of the road, and, mindful of the motto, “Look before you leap,” I
flashed the cycle lamp rays on the opposite side to select a favorable place to alight.
There was none in the immediate vicinity, for as the bright rays penetrated the gloom,
they revealed a large, fine cheetah, or panther, crouched in the edge of the brush, his
eyes fixed on the glare of my lamp, and his fangs disclosed in excellent array. The sight
was a rare one, but as I had learned from books all I cared to know about the habits of
wild beasts, I almost broke the lamp in my haste to extinguish it and get the ever-handy
45. Cautiously picking my way back to the wheels, Mrs. McIlrath and I made the chains
and sprocket wheels grind out a merry tune to Lucknow.
CHAPTER XVIII.

RACE FOR LIFE WITH A MAD DROVE OF BUFFALO—UNCLE SAM’S

FLAG A FEATURE OF THE QUEEN’S JUBILEE CELEBRATION AT DELHI.

It was our idea to see the sights of Lucknow in two days and return to
Cawnpore on the evening of the second, but our plans were changed, as
Messrs. Thoburn, Robinson and Mansell, of the American Methodist
Mission, called upon us at the hotel and transferred us, bag and baggage, to
the Mission as their guests. Under their guidance we remained in Lucknow
a week. Having returned to Cawnpore, we resumed our journey on June 11,
making rapid progress, principally during the nights. Ever since entering
China, more than a year before, we had seen daily countless numbers of the
hairless, black, water buffalo. Many Europeans fear them and consider them
dangerous, but they treated us with deference until Sunday, June 20, when
we encountered a herd of the fierce-looking, cumbersome beasts while
pedaling our way to Delhi. I do not believe the buffalos had any
premeditated intention of attacking us, but as we wheeled slowly through a
drove, a calf became imbued with the idea that bicycles were dangerous. He
bolted straight down the road in front of us, running like a winner for a
quarter of a mile. Then he was attracted by some tempting green leaves, and
halted to browse upon them. As soon as we passed him, the machines which
had frightened him became an attraction, and he meekly trotted out and fell
in line behind us. The mother, who had been lumbering along in the rear,
became excited at the unusual conduct of her son, gave a few short snorts,
and set out in pursuit. Immediately the entire drove joined in the novel race,
and, with a thundering clatter of hard hoofs ringing in our ears, we realized
that we were being pursued. Faster and faster we spun along, and as native
pilgrims heard the uproar, they gave one glance at the avalanche of bicycle
and buffalo sweeping down upon them and scattered to the right and left.
We tried, by shouting and waving helmets at the calf, to drive him away, but
in vain, and the affair, which had been amusing at first, settled down into a
race for life. It is impossible, as readers know, to take to a tree when on a
cycle, so there was nothing else to do but set a pace for a crazy calf and a
drove of jealous buffalo, and for the next mile and a half we did so. How
the calf came to change his mind about joining his fortune with ours I do
not know, but a sudden cessation of the clatter behind us revealed on sight
the calf recumbent in a pool of water, with his sympathizing friends and
relatives standing by, grimly looking after us. This was the outcome of the
buffalos' end of the race; ours was garments soaked with perspiration,
panting breath, and ourselves so heated and flushed we were dizzy and
faint.

The Queen’s Jubilee, celebrated the day following our arrival in Delhi, gave
us opportunity to enjoy an illumination scene in India, and, though we
observed many well-lighted European and government employes' houses, I
should not say that the Indian is as much a lover of British rule as the
British would have others believe. The usual parade of soldiery and police
was the first feature of the evening, and fireworks the final. I thoroughly
enjoyed the astonishment caused by the presence of a large American flag,
flying from a staff lashed to the life-sized stone elephant which stands in the
yard of the government building, and was much amused at the inscriptions
on the red cloth banners which the natives hung over their doorways. They
read, “Welcome to India;” “Welcome to Delhi,” and a rather suggestive few
read, “God bless the Prince.” It was a few moments before it dawned on me
that the inscriptions were originally made to please the eye of the Prince of
Wales, when that great functionary of corner-stone laying and baby
christening was doing a little globe-trotting at the English public’s expense.
Who did it, and why that American flag, in all its starry beauty, was flying
in front of a government building, were the principal questions asked by
army and police officers the next day. Delhi, as a city, was founded during
the shadowy ages, which precludes the possibility of dates, but its ruins are
visible to-day on an area ten miles wide and fifteen miles long. How often
the city has changed its site is only limited to the victories gained by
invaders of all tribes and nations. The Rome of Asia, Delhi has known its
Nero; Maharrata, Hindoo, Jain, Persian, Afghan, Mohammedan, and the
cold, unfeeling Britain, have in turn ruled over the Indian Empire from this
ancient city, and the truth has ever been proven that whosoever held Delhi
ruled India. Delhi, like many other Indian cities, offers the visitor many
interesting buildings of native structure, but so often have we viewed with
reverence and awe some superb building, only to learn that it was a tomb
for some notable departed, that the word “tomb” has become abhorrent.
India will linger in our memory chiefly as one vast group of mausoleums,
set in an arid desert and scorched by the fires of a sun fierce as the furnaces
of Sheol.

The exposure to heat, from which the Inter Ocean cyclists were suffering
daily, led to Mrs. McIlrath’s serious condition, which prevented our
departure from Delhi on June 24, the day upon which we had made our
arrangements to leave. With face swollen so that her eyes were half-closed,
her skin was entirely covered with tiny pimples. Small-pox would not have
presented a more pitiable sight, but experts pronounced the case prickly
heat, and beyond advising perfect rest, cool drinks and hot baths, declared
that nothing could be done to drive away or reduce the swelling. Under
these conditions we were unable to proceed until July 1, but with the
delightful attentions shown us by Mr. and Mrs. Aitkin of the Delhi Morning
Post, and Major Mainwaring, of the Native Infantry, time did not hang
heavily upon our hands. We swung into the main road at 6 o’clock one
morning, taking the Grand Trunk once more, and following its course due
north. Karnaul, the city which we should have reached the night before, had
it not been for the stiff head winds, we entered at 8 o’clock the following
morning, just in time to escape a downfall of rain which detained us until
the next day. A second reminder of the plucky little Lenz we found in the
register book of the Karnaul dak bungalow, which read, “F. G. Lenze,
October 10, 1893, arrived six p. m. Departed six a. m., October 12,
American Bicyclist.” Strange as it may seem, this was only the second
instance in which we found trace of Lenz, though in China, Burmah and
India we traveled in all over four thousand miles on identically the same
route.
CHAPTER XIX.

PATRIOTISM CURBED JUST IN TIME—BAD NIGHT WITH A FANCIED BITE FROM A

COBRA—TWO AMERICAN INVALIDS TOGETHER IN LAHORE.

From Karnaul we journeyed steadily north, head-winds baffling attempts at speed, and
showers and sand storms retarding us for hours. In several instances, we were compelled
to journey along the railway line, the rains having swollen the river to such an extent that
the roads were flooded. Umballa, a large military station midway between Delhi and
Lahore, we reached on the morning of July 3, and again delayed by rain, were forced to
spend the glorious Fourth in that city. Unfortunately for me, the dak bungalow was
situated within the cantonment lines, and when I arose at daybreak, prepared to fire a
salute of twenty-one shots, the gentle-mannered coolie servant gave a terrified look at
the gun and bolted for the cook-house. Before I could fire once, a soldier called to me
not to shoot unless I wished to be carted off to the guardhouse for violating military
orders, which prohibit firing within the cantonment. Undoubtedly I would have been
arrested on the charge of discharging firearms inside the lines, creating a disturbance,
and possibly treason, and I dread to think of the effect my explanation of celebrating the
Fourth of July would have had on an Englishman, especially an army officer, who might
have lived on “Cornwallis Road.” Rain fell throughout July 5, on which day we were
able to cover only eighteen miles, halting for the night at the little village of Rajpur.
Such a small settlement has little need for a dak bungalow, and in consequence, travelers
who are so unfortunate as to be compelled to seek shelter for the night, take up quarters
at an ancient building owned, but unoccupied, by the Rajah of Petialla. Mrs. McIlrath
declared the building was an “old cobra trap,” and constantly on the watch for scorpions
and snakes, it was but natural that when we retired our dreams were of reptiles.

Several times in the night I was awakened, the last time, along toward morning, by a
severe pain in my left leg. Paralyzed with the thought of the deadly krite and cobra bite,
and the absolute certainty of death resulting in from five to fifteen minutes, I lay calm
and rigid for a moment, thinking I was the victim of a dream, but the smarting in my leg
continued, and I called to my wife, exclaiming that I had been bitten. She was awake in
an instant, and lighting the lamp, we looked around for the cobra. Though we could find
no possible trace of a snake, there were on my leg six small punctures, arranged in a
semi-circle. For an hour we waited for indications of snake poison in my system, but
none appeared. Several times I imagined the choking sensations which precede complete
asphyxia, were attacking my throat, but a gulp of water or a puff at my cigarette
dispelled this illusion, and at the end of sixty minutes I was compelled to admit that my
experience with the cobra had turned out a dismal failure. I cannot to this day offer any
possible explanation of my wounds, unless they were inflicted by Rodney, the pet
monkey which we made our traveling companion 200 miles back. The “monk”
occasionally crept up on my bed to avoid the ants and insects which swarmed over the
ground and floors, and it may have been that after making himself comfortable, I had
disturbed him and he retaliated by biting the offending leg. Few persons who have not
visited India during the Summer rains, can realize what danger there is from poisonous
reptiles, chiefly the krite and cobra, and how the dreaded things creep into the most
unusual places, just where one would never think of being cautious. In one village of
400 inhabitants, through which we passed, five persons died from snake bites during the
five days preceding our arrival. Unlike the rattler, the krite and cobra give no audible
warning, except a slight hiss, and directly opposite is the effect of the bite. While the
rattler’s poison acts on the blood, it may be mitigated by ligation above the wound and
the free use of alcohol, but the cobra and krite wounds act directly upon the nerves,
producing paralysis and asphyxia, and despite all legends to the contrary, the bite of
either reptile, if the fangs are intact, is as surely fatal as decapitation. There is not a
remedy known which will even prolong life after the bite has been inflicted.

Cities of considerable size, evidently prosperous and well-kept, are many and frequent
along the Trunk road in Punjab, and under an excellent system of irrigating canals, crops
appear vigorous and abundant. The native method of raising water from the canals into
field-ditches is a novelty to the eyes of the Westerner, and language would never
describe the squeaking water wheel, with earthen pots in place of buckets, and the slow-
plodding, patient bullocks that revolve the wheel. “Persian Wheels,” the primitive
machines are called, and though winds are strong and almost perpetual, no one appears
to consider the old way inefficient, and harness wind and water with one of the powerful
wind engines which dot the prairies of the United States. India is a close second to China
in adhering to native customs, and after a journey of fifteen hundred miles, made
through the country, in such a manner as to mingle with and know the people, I am of
the opinion that the English who govern India, are but a trifle less conservative, and that
what broad ideas of improvement they do possess, that would materially improve the
natives' condition without benefiting the government revenue, are never allowed to
develop and expand. India is not governed by the English with any philanthropic ideas,
and when one has spent a few months poring over financial reports and statistics, tax
lists and penal codes, the idea is firmly fixed in the mind that India is governed by the
English for England.
AT THE DAK BUNGALOW AFTER A LONG RUN.—(See Page 97.)

I have already spoken of the risk a white person incurs in India by being exposed to the
rain. Fever is almost certain to follow, and the morning after our arrival in Lahore, I
found Mrs. McIlrath with a temperature of 104 degrees, and every symptom of malaria.
Though I struggled through the day, caring for her, when I laid down at night, the ache in
my muscles and joints, and the fire which raged internally, warned me I was a victim
also, and for the next week we lay side by side, comparing temperatures and consoling
one another. To be stricken with fever in India is one of the most terrible punishments
nature can visit upon the violators of her laws, and all day and all night through we lay
without the cooling drinks, the ripe fruits and the delicacies and attentions which ease
and encourage the patient at home. By Saturday, July 17, we were able to sit up and
totter about the room, and immediately began to obtain strength by carriage rides in the
cool evening air.

Lahore does not possess temples, mosques and tombs of great architectural merit, but its
chief charm lies in the enormous bazaars which extend for miles through the main streets
of the city. The buildings are two-story affairs, built of brick and covered with a staff,
which, at a time long ago, was white in color. The shops are merely square rooms, with
open fronts; the goods piled on the floors and hung from the ceiling in such a manner as
to prevent walking about without danger to stock and inspector. A few of the shops bear
sign-boards, painted in English letters. One in particular that attracted my attention,

Murach's HTML5 and CSS3-Verson 4
67% (3)
Murach's HTML5 and CSS3-Verson 4
738 pages
(Ebook PDF) New Perspectives On HTML 5 and CSS: Comprehensive 8th Edition All Chapter Instant Download
80% (5)
(Ebook PDF) New Perspectives On HTML 5 and CSS: Comprehensive 8th Edition All Chapter Instant Download
49 pages
Dokumen - Tips Intra Mart Accel Platformaccel This Would Also Allow The Introduction of Workflows
No ratings yet
Dokumen - Tips Intra Mart Accel Platformaccel This Would Also Allow The Introduction of Workflows
43 pages
Module 2 - Assignment
No ratings yet
Module 2 - Assignment
8 pages
Murachs HTML5 and CSS3 3rd Edition by Anne Boehm, Zak Ruvalcaba
70% (10)
Murachs HTML5 and CSS3 3rd Edition by Anne Boehm, Zak Ruvalcaba
703 pages
Introduction To Graphql: Niv Ben David
No ratings yet
Introduction To Graphql: Niv Ben David
50 pages
(Ebook PDF) Responsive Web Design With HTML 5 & CSS 9th Edition 2024 Scribd Download
75% (4)
(Ebook PDF) Responsive Web Design With HTML 5 & CSS 9th Edition 2024 Scribd Download
40 pages
(eBook PDF) Responsive Web Design with HTML 5 & CSS 9th Edition instant download
100% (1)
(eBook PDF) Responsive Web Design with HTML 5 & CSS 9th Edition instant download
54 pages
(eBook PDF) Murach's HTML5 and CSS3 4th Edition by Anne Boehm pdf download
100% (2)
(eBook PDF) Murach's HTML5 and CSS3 4th Edition by Anne Boehm pdf download
43 pages
(Ebook) HTML, CSS, and JavaScript All in One: Covering HTML5, CSS3, and ES6, Sams Teach Yourself by Meloni, Julie, Kyrnin, Jennifer ISBN 9780672338083, 0672338084 - Read the ebook now with the complete version and no limits
100% (4)
(Ebook) HTML, CSS, and JavaScript All in One: Covering HTML5, CSS3, and ES6, Sams Teach Yourself by Meloni, Julie, Kyrnin, Jennifer ISBN 9780672338083, 0672338084 - Read the ebook now with the complete version and no limits
75 pages
HTML5 CSS3 For The Real World 1st Edition Estelle Weyl - The ebook in PDF and DOCX formats is ready for download
100% (2)
HTML5 CSS3 For The Real World 1st Edition Estelle Weyl - The ebook in PDF and DOCX formats is ready for download
52 pages
HTML5 CSS3 For The Real World 1st Edition Estelle Weyl - The full ebook with complete content is ready for download
100% (2)
HTML5 CSS3 For The Real World 1st Edition Estelle Weyl - The full ebook with complete content is ready for download
62 pages
Download Full (eBook PDF) Murach's HTML5 and CSS3 4th Edition by Anne Boehm PDF All Chapters
100% (10)
Download Full (eBook PDF) Murach's HTML5 and CSS3 4th Edition by Anne Boehm PDF All Chapters
45 pages
HTML5 CSS3 For The Real World 1st Edition Estelle Weyl pdf download
100% (1)
HTML5 CSS3 For The Real World 1st Edition Estelle Weyl pdf download
42 pages
(eBook PDF) Web Development and Design Foundations with HTML5 9th Edition by Terry Felke-Morris pdf download
100% (1)
(eBook PDF) Web Development and Design Foundations with HTML5 9th Edition by Terry Felke-Morris pdf download
56 pages
Web_Assignment
No ratings yet
Web_Assignment
43 pages
Download Complete (eBook PDF) Web Development and Design Foundations with HTML5 9th Edition by Terry Felke-Morris PDF for All Chapters
100% (6)
Download Complete (eBook PDF) Web Development and Design Foundations with HTML5 9th Edition by Terry Felke-Morris PDF for All Chapters
56 pages
Beginning Web Programming with HTML XHTML and CSS Jon Duckett download
100% (1)
Beginning Web Programming with HTML XHTML and CSS Jon Duckett download
62 pages
New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual pdf download
100% (1)
New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual pdf download
39 pages
Test Bank for HTML5 and CSS3 Illustrated Complete 2nd Edition Vodnik 1305394046 9781305394049 pdf download
100% (4)
Test Bank for HTML5 and CSS3 Illustrated Complete 2nd Edition Vodnik 1305394046 9781305394049 pdf download
31 pages
Download Study Resources for New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual
100% (9)
Download Study Resources for New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual
44 pages
Html5 Tag Structure David Matthew pdf download
No ratings yet
Html5 Tag Structure David Matthew pdf download
18 pages
The Definitive Guide to HTML5 1st Edition Adam Freeman pdf download
100% (2)
The Definitive Guide to HTML5 1st Edition Adam Freeman pdf download
52 pages
New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual download
100% (2)
New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual download
34 pages
New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual - Available For One-Click Instant Download
100% (4)
New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual - Available For One-Click Instant Download
38 pages
Full download HTML5 and CSS3 Develop with Tomorrow s Standards Today 1st Edition Brian P. Hogan pdf docx
No ratings yet
Full download HTML5 and CSS3 Develop with Tomorrow s Standards Today 1st Edition Brian P. Hogan pdf docx
41 pages
Html5 and Ccs3
100% (2)
Html5 and Ccs3
132 pages
HTML Intuitive Guide I PDF
No ratings yet
HTML Intuitive Guide I PDF
218 pages
Full Download HTML5 and CSS3 1st Edition Brian P Hogan PDF DOCX
100% (2)
Full Download HTML5 and CSS3 1st Edition Brian P Hogan PDF DOCX
40 pages
Complete Answer Guide for New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual
100% (23)
Complete Answer Guide for New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual
43 pages
Experience immediate access to the complete New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual (PDF).
100% (13)
Experience immediate access to the complete New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual (PDF).
36 pages
Introduction To Website Design and Development: Html5, Css3, and Javascript Second Edition
No ratings yet
Introduction To Website Design and Development: Html5, Css3, and Javascript Second Edition
383 pages
My Website Is Better Than Yours
No ratings yet
My Website Is Better Than Yours
299 pages
New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual pdf download
100% (3)
New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual pdf download
34 pages
HTML5 and CSS3 Develop with Tomorrow s Standards Today 1st Edition Brian P. Hogan - Download the ebook today and own the complete content
100% (1)
HTML5 and CSS3 Develop with Tomorrow s Standards Today 1st Edition Brian P. Hogan - Download the ebook today and own the complete content
46 pages
Html Css And Javascript All In One Covering Html5 Css3 And Es6 Sams Teach Yourself 3rd Edition Meloni pdf download
No ratings yet
Html Css And Javascript All In One Covering Html5 Css3 And Es6 Sams Teach Yourself 3rd Edition Meloni pdf download
82 pages
HTML & Css
80% (5)
HTML & Css
514 pages
New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual - Read Directly Or Download With One Click
100% (4)
New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual - Read Directly Or Download With One Click
38 pages
New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual pdf download
100% (2)
New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual pdf download
38 pages
Beginning Web Programming with HTML XHTML and CSS Jon Duckett - The latest updated ebook is now available for download
100% (2)
Beginning Web Programming with HTML XHTML and CSS Jon Duckett - The latest updated ebook is now available for download
45 pages
1808 HTML and CSS Visual QuickStart Guide 9th Edition
No ratings yet
1808 HTML and CSS Visual QuickStart Guide 9th Edition
571 pages
(Ebook) Beginning Web Programming with HTML, XHTML, and CSS by Jon Duckett ISBN 9780470259313, 0470259310 - Download the ebook now for instant access to all chapters
100% (2)
(Ebook) Beginning Web Programming with HTML, XHTML, and CSS by Jon Duckett ISBN 9780470259313, 0470259310 - Download the ebook now for instant access to all chapters
58 pages
Instant Access to Master Web Design with HTML CSS JavaScript and jQuery Create Stunning Interactive Websites Frahaan Hussain ebook Full Chapters
No ratings yet
Instant Access to Master Web Design with HTML CSS JavaScript and jQuery Create Stunning Interactive Websites Frahaan Hussain ebook Full Chapters
29 pages
Full Download (Ebook PDF) HTML5 and CSS3, Illustrated Complete 1st Edition by Sasha Vodnik PDF
100% (4)
Full Download (Ebook PDF) HTML5 and CSS3, Illustrated Complete 1st Edition by Sasha Vodnik PDF
41 pages
Full download (Ebook) HTML5: The Missing Manual (Missing Manuals) by Matthew MacDonald ISBN 1449302394 pdf docx
100% (1)
Full download (Ebook) HTML5: The Missing Manual (Missing Manuals) by Matthew MacDonald ISBN 1449302394 pdf docx
81 pages
3917348
No ratings yet
3917348
55 pages
Download full New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual all chapters
100% (9)
Download full New Perspectives on HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript 6th Edition Carey Solutions Manual all chapters
33 pages
(Ebook) Picture CSS3 by David, Matthew ISBN 9780240813851, 9780240813868, 9781136023378, 9781282955325, 0240813855, 0240813863, 1136023372, 1282955322 pdf download
100% (1)
(Ebook) Picture CSS3 by David, Matthew ISBN 9780240813851, 9780240813868, 9781136023378, 9781282955325, 0240813855, 0240813863, 1136023372, 1282955322 pdf download
58 pages
(Ebook) Picture CSS3 by David, Matthew ISBN 9780240813851, 9780240813868, 9781136023378, 9781282955325, 0240813855, 0240813863, 1136023372, 1282955322 - Read the ebook now or download it for a full experience
No ratings yet
(Ebook) Picture CSS3 by David, Matthew ISBN 9780240813851, 9780240813868, 9781136023378, 9781282955325, 0240813855, 0240813863, 1136023372, 1282955322 - Read the ebook now or download it for a full experience
56 pages
Website Design and Development With Html5 and Css3
No ratings yet
Website Design and Development With Html5 and Css3
345 pages
Training Report 1
No ratings yet
Training Report 1
38 pages
(eBook PDF) HTML5 and CSS3, Illustrated Complete 1st Edition by Sasha Vodnikpdf download
100% (7)
(eBook PDF) HTML5 and CSS3, Illustrated Complete 1st Edition by Sasha Vodnikpdf download
25 pages
Build Your Own Website A Comic Guide To HTML, CSS and Wordpress
50% (2)
Build Your Own Website A Comic Guide To HTML, CSS and Wordpress
266 pages
[Ebooks PDF] download (eBook PDF) HTML5 and CSS3, Illustrated Complete 1st Edition by Sasha Vodnik full chapters
100% (6)
[Ebooks PDF] download (eBook PDF) HTML5 and CSS3, Illustrated Complete 1st Edition by Sasha Vodnik full chapters
38 pages
Get Beginning Web Programming with HTML XHTML and CSS Jon Duckett free all chapters
100% (14)
Get Beginning Web Programming with HTML XHTML and CSS Jon Duckett free all chapters
41 pages
HTML CSS Interview Questions
No ratings yet
HTML CSS Interview Questions
68 pages
(Ebook) New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML: Comprehensive (New Perspectives (Course Technology Paperback)) by Patrick M. Carey ISBN 9781423925460, 1423925467 instant download
100% (1)
(Ebook) New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML: Comprehensive (New Perspectives (Course Technology Paperback)) by Patrick M. Carey ISBN 9781423925460, 1423925467 instant download
55 pages
PDF Beginning Web Programming with HTML XHTML and CSS Jon Duckett download
100% (7)
PDF Beginning Web Programming with HTML XHTML and CSS Jon Duckett download
61 pages
Principles of Web Design The Web Technologies Series 5th Edition Joel Sklar - Quickly download the ebook to never miss any content
100% (1)
Principles of Web Design The Web Technologies Series 5th Edition Joel Sklar - Quickly download the ebook to never miss any content
61 pages
JCA WD Lesson 01 2019 1558430643
No ratings yet
JCA WD Lesson 01 2019 1558430643
26 pages
Learn complete HTML and CSS in 7 days | "HTML & CSS Masterclass: Unleash Your Web Design Skills"
From Everand
Learn complete HTML and CSS in 7 days | "HTML & CSS Masterclass: Unleash Your Web Design Skills"
Prajwal
No ratings yet
Certified Web Developer: Novice To Ninja: HTML, CSS and JavaScript
From Everand
Certified Web Developer: Novice To Ninja: HTML, CSS and JavaScript
Rob Botwright
No ratings yet
Mastering Adobe Commerce Frontend: Build optimized, user-centric e-commerce sites with tailored theme design and enhanced interactivity
From Everand
Mastering Adobe Commerce Frontend: Build optimized, user-centric e-commerce sites with tailored theme design and enhanced interactivity
Jakub Winkler
No ratings yet
(eBook PDF) Critical Thinking - Concise Edition Concise Edition instant download
No ratings yet
(eBook PDF) Critical Thinking - Concise Edition Concise Edition instant download
33 pages
(eBook PDF) Diversity and Indigenous Peoples in Canada, 3rd Edition download
No ratings yet
(eBook PDF) Diversity and Indigenous Peoples in Canada, 3rd Edition download
56 pages
(eBook PDF) Cultural Anthropology A Toolkit for a Global Age Third Edition download
No ratings yet
(eBook PDF) Cultural Anthropology A Toolkit for a Global Age Third Edition download
59 pages
(eBook PDF) Legal and Ethical Aspects of Health Information Management 5th Edition pdf download
100% (1)
(eBook PDF) Legal and Ethical Aspects of Health Information Management 5th Edition pdf download
46 pages
(eBook PDF) Moral Issues in Business 3th Australia New Zealand pdf download
100% (1)
(eBook PDF) Moral Issues in Business 3th Australia New Zealand pdf download
54 pages
(eBook PDF) Nakama 1 Enhanced, Student text: Introductory Japanese Communication, Culture, Context 3rd Edition download
100% (1)
(eBook PDF) Nakama 1 Enhanced, Student text: Introductory Japanese Communication, Culture, Context 3rd Edition download
56 pages
(eBook PDF) A Community of Readers: A Thematic Approach to Reading 8th Edition download
100% (1)
(eBook PDF) A Community of Readers: A Thematic Approach to Reading 8th Edition download
51 pages
(eBook PDF) Practical Real Estate Law 8th Edition pdf download
100% (1)
(eBook PDF) Practical Real Estate Law 8th Edition pdf download
34 pages
(eBook PDF) Understanding Dying, Death, and Bereavement 9th Edition download
100% (1)
(eBook PDF) Understanding Dying, Death, and Bereavement 9th Edition download
57 pages
Twitter Bootstrap PDF
No ratings yet
Twitter Bootstrap PDF
109 pages
Computer Science
No ratings yet
Computer Science
7 pages
Microsoft PowerPoint 2007
No ratings yet
Microsoft PowerPoint 2007
3 pages
Arun Project Report
No ratings yet
Arun Project Report
6 pages
6AV66470AD113AX0 Datasheet en
No ratings yet
6AV66470AD113AX0 Datasheet en
6 pages
Javascript&CSS-Bootstrap A Front-End Framework
No ratings yet
Javascript&CSS-Bootstrap A Front-End Framework
17 pages
How To Use Google-Drawings
No ratings yet
How To Use Google-Drawings
4 pages
VCI V2.20 LabWindows Manual 1.1 (English)
No ratings yet
VCI V2.20 LabWindows Manual 1.1 (English)
22 pages
Fresher C C++ Resume Model 126
No ratings yet
Fresher C C++ Resume Model 126
3 pages
Frontend Guide Material by Arun M
No ratings yet
Frontend Guide Material by Arun M
16 pages
Unit 4 - Networking Basics
No ratings yet
Unit 4 - Networking Basics
13 pages
Managing State: 5.1 The Problem of State in Web Applications
No ratings yet
Managing State: 5.1 The Problem of State in Web Applications
17 pages
Devendra Kohale - Salesforce
No ratings yet
Devendra Kohale - Salesforce
2 pages
Advanced Java Programming 2075 Questionpaper
No ratings yet
Advanced Java Programming 2075 Questionpaper
1 page
Report 1
No ratings yet
Report 1
30 pages
SR 24628113258
No ratings yet
SR 24628113258
5 pages
LAB_1
No ratings yet
LAB_1
15 pages
Maintenance Tools
No ratings yet
Maintenance Tools
52 pages
How To C Chat Server
No ratings yet
How To C Chat Server
19 pages
0xsp - Privilege Escalation Cheatsheet
No ratings yet
0xsp - Privilege Escalation Cheatsheet
15 pages
OSCP Methodology
100% (1)
OSCP Methodology
24 pages
WM6681 G02 Dev Fundamentals
No ratings yet
WM6681 G02 Dev Fundamentals
66 pages
Full VBS
No ratings yet
Full VBS
786 pages
A Survey of Relation Extraction of Knowledge Graphs
No ratings yet
A Survey of Relation Extraction of Knowledge Graphs
123 pages
MAD LAB - Checkboxes
No ratings yet
MAD LAB - Checkboxes
4 pages
Lecture7 - Javascript
No ratings yet
Lecture7 - Javascript
208 pages
0417_s24_qp_31-5-8
No ratings yet
0417_s24_qp_31-5-8
4 pages

(eBook PDF) New Perspectives on HTML 5 and CSS: Comprehensive 8th Edition instant download

Uploaded by

(eBook PDF) New Perspectives on HTML 5 and CSS: Comprehensive 8th Edition instant download

Uploaded by

(eBook PDF) New Perspectives on HTML 5 and CSS:

Comprehensive 8th Edition install download

Download more ebook from https://ebookluna.com

New Perspectives on HTML 5 and CSS: Comprehensive 8th

New Perspectives on HTML 5 and CSS 8th Edition Patrick M.

(eBook PDF) New Perspectives on Microsoft Access 2013,

(Original PDF) New Perspectives on HTML5, CSS3, and

(eBook PDF) Perspectives on Personality 8th Edition

(eBook PDF) New Perspectives Microsoft Office 365

(eBook PDF) New Perspectives Microsoft Office 365 & Word

Level III Tutorials

Writing the Page Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 24

Web Pages and Web Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 4 Character Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 33

Introducing HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 5 Character Entity References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 34

The History of HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 5 Working with Inline Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 36

Linking to an id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 63 HSL Color Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 101

Linking to a Web Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 64 Employing Progressive Enhancement . . . . . . . . . . HTML 106

Linking to a Phone Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 67

Writing Style Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 96

Working with Margins and Padding . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 143

HTML LEVEL II TUTORIALS Using the span Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 226

Placing Grid Items by Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 228

Clipping an Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 257 Creating a Radial Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 316

Stacking Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 258 Repeating a Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 320

Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 269

Understanding Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 333

The background Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 286

SESSION 5.2�������������������������������������������������������HTML 392 Session 5.3 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 437

Introducing Flexible Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 394 Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 443

Defining a Flexible Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 394 Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 446

Cross-Browser Flexboxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 395

Exploring CSS Styles and Web Tables . . . . . . . . . HTML 485

Tutorial 7 Designing a Web Form Creating a Range Slider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 566

SESSION 8.2�������������������������������������������������������HTML 618 The Development of JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 685

SESSION 8.3 �����������������������������������������������������HTML 640 SESSION 9.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 698

Introducing Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 642 Object References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 701

The @keyframes Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 652 Applying a Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 704

Applying an Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 655 Writing HTML Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 705

Controlling an Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 658 Working with Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 709

Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 676 Using a Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 711

SESSION 9.3 �������������������������������������������������������HTML 718 Reversing an Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 763

Using Math Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 723

Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 817 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REF 11

Appendix A Color Names with Color Values,

Appendix B HTML Elements and Attributes. . . HTML B1

STARTING DATA FILES

html01 tutorial review code1

ct_catering_txt.html mp_catering_txt.html code1-1_txt.html

code2 code3 code4

code1-2_txt.html code1-3_txt.html + 7 files code1-4_txt.html + 2 files

case1 case2 demo

jtc_index_txt.html dr_faq_txt.html demo_characters.html

Session 1.1 Visual Overview:

The <head> tag marks

The <body> tag marks

An opening tag marks

The Structure of an HTML Document

The exact layout of the

Kzenon/Shutterstock.com; © Courtesy Patrick Carey; martiapunts/Shutterstock.

Exploring the World Wide Web

Locating Information on a Network

Web Pages and Web Servers

The History of HTML

Figure 1–1 HTML version history

Version Date Description

Tools for Working with HTML

Content Management Systems and Frameworks

Testing your Code

THE CYCLING FEVER BREAKS OUT IN RANGOON—PRIZE FIGHTING UNDER

THE BICYCLE SURPRISES THE BURMANS.—(See Page 81.).

NIGHT RIDING THROUGH INDIA TO ESCAPE THE HEAT—THREE IMPUDENT

RACE FOR LIFE WITH A MAD DROVE OF BUFFALO—UNCLE SAM’S

PATRIOTISM CURBED JUST IN TIME—BAD NIGHT WITH A FANCIED BITE FROM A

You might also like

SESSION 5.2��HTML 392 Session 5.3 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 437

SESSION 8.2��HTML 618 The Development of JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 685

SESSION 8.3 ��HTML 640 SESSION 9.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 698

SESSION 9.3 ��HTML 718 Reversing an Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTML 763