1. What is Java? Explain its meaning and definition.

It is one of the most popular programming

2. The syntax of Java is based on which programming language? C and C++ programming are
the base of the Java syntax.

3. How is Java platform independent? Among the list of Java interview questions, you can be
asked why Java is called platform independent. You must be ready with the correct answer. The
meaning of platform-independent is that you can write a Java program on one machine and
execute it on other machines or platforms. It has become possible because of the bytecode, and
VMs can handle this code accordingly. So, there will be no issues related to the hardware when
it comes to running the code.

4. When was Java developed? Java was developed in the year 1991.

5. Who developed the Java programming language? Java was developed by James Gosling.
He was a computer scientist based in Canada, and is famous as the founder of Java
programming. When he invented Java, he was working at Sun Microsystems, which Oracle later
acquired.

6. What does ‘write once run anywhere’ mean in Java? Write once, run anywhere, or WORA in
Java means that it is a coding language where you write a program for some purpose only once
and then use it or run it across multiple operating systems. For instance, you can write a
program and run it on Windows, macOS, Android, Linux, etc. “Java’s write once, run anywhere”
term was first initiated by Sun Microsystems, where the founder of this language used to work.
This characteristic makes Java a portable programming language.

7. What is Java programming used for? Explain its primary applications. There is a wide range
of use cases of Java programming language. Below are its main applications: ● Mobile App
Development Despite the introduction of Kotlin, Java is still used as a reliable programming
language for Android app development. This coding language has the software development
kits (SDKs) and libraries that are required to develop mobile apps. ● Chatbot Development
Another use of Java is in chatbot development. Smart chatbots that use natural language
processing (NLP) can be built using this programming language. ● Development of Games One
of the most important applications of Java is in building games or gaming apps. Some of the
world-famous games like Minecraft, Spiral Knights, SimCity, Saints Row 2, Asphalt 3, FIFA 11,
Wakfu, Tokyo City Nights and many more are built on Java. ● Cloud Computing The write once,
use anywhere characteristic of Java makes it a highly applicable language for cloud applications
as well. Plenty of cloud platforms rely on this programming for a decentralized experience. ● Big
Data Big data platforms or tools heavily depend on Java, and it is considered a language on
which the future of big data relies. This is because of its features that enable faster processing
of large sets of data. ● Enterprise-grade Web Apps Enterprise-level apps that are
mission-critical are developed using Java programming. Even top brands like Wipro, Google,
Infosys, and HCL use it to develop enterprise apps. It is because of its high performance it
enables and supports a wide range of server-side technologies. Some of the most popular web
apps built on Java include LinkedIn, IRCTC, and AliExpress. ● Internet of Things (IoT) In IoT
technology, sensors and hardware devices process the data. These things are mostly run using
programs written in Java programming language. ● Artificial Intelligence (AI) As one of the most
suitable programming languages for artificial intelligence (AI) projects, Java can be used to
develop intelligent solutions. For instance, it is great for building search algorithms, neural
networks, ML-based services, deep learning applications, etc. 8. What is Java Virtual Machine
(JVM)? JVM in Java, as the name suggests, is a virtual machine that plays a crucial part in the
execution of source code. It works as an abstraction layer between the runtime environment and
the hardware. 9. What is Java Runtime Environment (JRE)? JRE in Java is simply an
environment that allows developers or programmers to run Java-based apps on operating
systems. You can say that it facilitates the interaction between OS and the program. Java JRE
provides several resources to programmers, such as libraries, JVM, Java Plug-in, Web Start,
etc. It is available to download on Windows, Linux, macOS, and Oracle Solaris. 10. What is
Java SE (Standard Edition)? Java Standard Edition, abbreviated as Java SE, is a computing
platform on which programmers and developers build and deploy Java-based projects. This
platform comes with plenty of Java libraries and APIs, including java.util, java.net, java.math,
java.io, and many more. 11. What are operators in Java? Java operators are simply the symbols
used to perform a wide range of different operations. Every operator has its specific operation or
functionality. For instance, you can use the + operator for the addition of two values, the -
operator for subtraction, the * operator for multiplication, and the / operator for division. 12. What
are the different types of Java operators? You can classify the operators in Java into five
categories, as mentioned below: ● Arithmetic operators These are used for mathematical
calculations, or arithmetic operations, to be precise. + Addition - Subtraction * Multiplication /
Division % Modulo ● Unary operators These operators play a vital role in performing operations
related to increasing or decreasing the values. Unary minus (-) To make a value negative Unary
plus (+) Generally not used as values are positive by default Increment (++) To increase the
value by 1 Decrement (--) To decrease the value by 1 Inverting (!) To inverse the value ●
Assignment operators These operators, as the name suggests, are used to assign values to
variables in a Java program. Operator Presentation Meaning = X = Y X = Y += X += Y X = X + Y
-= X -= Y X = X = Y *= X *= Y X = X * Y %= X %= X = X % Y ● Relational or comparison
operators If you want to see the relations between values, then the relational operators in Java
are used. For instance, you can check whether the given values are equal to each other,
greater/lesser than each other, greater than equal to, or lesser than equal to each other. If the
boolean values don’t meet the relational operator criteria, then accordingly, it returns true or
false. Operator Meaning == Is equal to != Is not equal to > Is greater than < Is lesser than >= Is
greater than or equal to <= Is lesser than or equal to ● Logical operators The digital electronics
field heavily depends on AND and OR gate operations. The same applies in Java for
decision-making based on logical AND and OR operators. Operator Meaning && Logical AND ||
Logical OR ! Logical NOT 13. What is JIT compiler in Java? Java JIT compiler or Just-In-Time
compiler is one of the key parts of Java Runtime Environment (JRE). Its role is the compilation
of bytecode to native machine code when it's in runtime. As a result, the overall performance of
the Java apps is optimized. 14. What is a Java class? A class in Java is a template based on
some logic using which we can create multiple objects that follow the same logic as the class.
The role of a Java class is to define the data types and methods of the objects. In simple terms,
you can call the class the main category, which includes several items called objects. Here, the
objects under a class will have similar properties or characteristics. For example, if you visit
Amazon and browse the “Mobiles” category, it will show you smartphones of all brands and
types. But all these smartphones will have similar properties like a camera, some RAM, the
ability to make calls, download apps, send messages, etc. So, here, the ‘Mobiles’ is a class, and
all the smartphones are objects. 15. What is a package in Java? A package in Java is like a
folder that holds classes, interfaces, and sub-packages. Here, the point to be noted is that
everything in this folder or Java package has some similarity or relation based on their
functionality. The aim of using a Java package is to better organize the workloads, avoid
conflicts in names, and control access. In Java, there are two types of packages: a. Built-in
packages b. User-defined packages The built-in packages include java.lang, java.util, java.io,
and java.net, which can be used from Java API. Apart from these, you can also build your own
packages, which are called user-defined packages. 16. What are keywords in Java? Keywords
in Java programming are actually some predefined words in syntax that a programmer can’t use
in the form of classes, methods, identifiers, or variables. These are also known as reserved
words in Java. 17. How many keywords are there in Java? There are over 50 keywords in Java.
Here is the full list in alphabetical order: 1. abstract 2. assert 3. boolean 4. break 5. byte 6. case
7. catch 8. char 9. class 10. continue 11. const 12. default 13. do 14. double 15. else 16. enum
17. exports 18. extends 19. final 20. finally 21. float 22. for 23. goto 24. if 25. implements 26.
import 27. instanceof 28. int 29. interface 30. long 31. module 32. native 33. new 34. package
35. private 36. protected 37. public 38. requires 39. return 40. short 41. static 42. strictfp 43.
super 44. switch 45. synchronized 46. this 47. throw 48. throws 49. transient 50. try 51. var 52.
void 53. volatile 54. while 18. What are the key features of Java? It is one of the basic Java
interview questions for freshers, and sometimes for experienced professionals as well. Here are
the top 10 features of Java that you must know: ● Simple, Clean, Easy to Learn One of the best
things about Java is that it is easy to learn and understand, even for beginners. Its syntax is
simple as it is based on basic languages like C++. The code written in Java is also clean and
easy to run. ● Object-oriented Programming Language Java is completely based on objects,
hence it is called an object-oriented programming language. ● Java is Both Compiled and
Interpreted A programming language is generally compiled or it is interpreted. Only rare
languages exhibit both things. Java is one such coding language that has the features of both
compilation and interpretation. ● Java is Platform Independent This is one of the top features of
Java programming. The meaning of platform-independent here is that you can write a Java
program on one machine and execute it on other machines or platforms. It has become possible
because of the BYTE code. ● Portability The portability in Java is the result of having features
like platform independence and architecture neutrality. Programmers can run Java code on a
wide range of virtual machines and hardware because its bytecode can be converted
accordingly. ● Robust Programming Language The abilities of Java like garbage collection and
exception handling make it a solid programming language. ● Highly Secure Security plays a
crucial part whether you are developing a basic app or a business-critical solution. On that front,
Java is considered as the most secure language as it helps in writing code that is free from
viruses and other security threats. That is the reason behind its application in enterprise-grade
app development. ● Java Multithreading Features The multithreading feature helps in writing
code that can perform multiple tasks simultaneously. Moreover, the thread tasks consume less
processing power and memory. ● Easy Interpretation Regardless of the computer architecture,
Java programs can be run and interpreted on any type of machine. You can call it
architecture-neutral language. ● High Performance Instead of being an interpreted language,
Java offers faster performance because of its just-in-time compiler. 19. What is object in Java?
As you might already know that Java is all about classes and objects. But what is an object?
This is a crucial topic that you should include in your list of Java interview questions and
answers for freshers. Let’s know its meaning below. An object is an instance of a class in Java.
In fact, it is created from a class only using the ‘new’ keyword. Every object has its identity,
behavior, and state, the way things in the real world also have these three things. 20. What is
difference between Java and JavaScript? There are several differences between Java and
JavaScript. Whether you are a fresher or an experienced professional, this is among the top
Java interview questions for you. Below, we have curated a tabular comparison of Java vs
JavaScript so that it becomes easier for you to understand the main differences. Java
JavaScript Object-oriented programming language Object-based scripting language Can be
used for complicated tasks and processes Can’t be used for complicated tasks Needs code
compilation Text-based code Independent language Needs to be used with HTML Strongly
typed programming language. Need to declare variables before using them in the program.
Loosely typed language. No issues whether data types are declared or not It’s statically-type It’s
dynamically-typed High memory consumption Low memory consumption Saved as byte code
Saved as source code For concurrency, it uses threads For concurrency, it uses events .java
extension used to save programs .js extension used to save programs Supports multithreading
Doesn’t support multithreading Objects are based on class Objects are based on prototype
Need JDK or Java Development Kit to run the code Need text editor to run the code Primarily
used for backend development Can use for both front-end and back-end 21. Which Java class
is considered a superclass of all other classes? The object class is considered the superclass of
all the remaining classes. 22. Is it possible for a class to extend itself? No. It’s not possible. 23.
What is difference between Java and C++ programming? Another important Java interview
questions for freshers and experienced developers can be about the differences between Java
and C++ programming languages. To help you understand it easily, we have created the
following comparison between the both: Java C++ Platform independent Platform dependent
Uses compiler and interpreter both Compiler only Garbage controller to automate memory
management Manual memory management Support for comments Doesn’t support comments
Doesn’t support goto statement Supports goto statement Developed by James Gosling
Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup Used for various types of development purposes, like web
apps, Windows apps, etc. System programming is the primary use. Supports procedural and
object-oriented programming both Supports object-oriented programming only Limited number
of libraries Large number of libraries Write once, run anywhere Write once, compile anywhere
24. Explain the difference between JDK, JRE, and JRM. Java interview questions about the
difference between Java JDK, JRE, and JRM are very common. Here is the tabular comparison
to help you find the right answer. JDK JRE JVM Java Development Kit Java Runtime
Environment Java Virtual Machine An SDK required to build Java-based apps. It comes with
several tools like debugger, compiler, and more. A software package that comes with class
libraries. Used for running Java projects. A virtual machine that makes Java a
platform-independent language. Platform-dependent. Platform-dependent.
Platform-independent. Mostly used in code execution during development. Used for providing
an environment where the code execution can be done. Used to define the execution and
supporting JRE. JDK = JRE + Development JRE = JVM + Libraries JVM = Support JRE to load,
Tools verify, and execute code Comes with various tools related to debugging, monitoring, and
overall development. Comes with class libraries and supporting files. Doesn’t include any tools
or a library. 25. Is it possible to assign a superclass to a subclass in Java? Not. It’s not possible.
26. How to print text in Java? The printIn() and print() methods are used to print a text in Java. ●
printIn() example public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hi There!"); System.out.println("Welcome to WsCube Tech!");
System.out.println("Let’s know top Java Interview Questions and Answers!"); } } Output: Hi
There! Welcome to WsCube Tech! Let’s know the top Java Interview Questions and Answers! ●
print() example public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.print("Hi
There! "); System.out.print("I can now learn the core interview questions on Java."); } } Output:
Hi There! I can now learn the core interview questions on Java. Intermediate Java Interview
Questions for Experienced (2-5 Years) 1. What is multithreading in Java? When a Java program
is divided into multiple small parts, and these parts are executed parallelly and run
simultaneously, this process is called multithreading. The role of Java multithreading is to create
lightweight programs or threads so that processing power can be used in an optimum manner.
2. Which class is used for multithreading in Java? The Java Thread class is used to execute
multithreading. It enables the creation of small threads which can run in a concurrent manner. 3.
What is Java applet? An applet in Java is used for setting up dynamic content on a web page.
You can call it a program that is added to the page, which then runs in a browser and shows the
dynamic content to the end user. Some of the primary benefits of a Java applet include lower
response time at the front end, secure code, and the applet program working great on popular
operating systems, like Windows, Linux, and macOS. 4. What is garbage collection in Java? It is
an important concept that you must know while appearing for the interview. This is one of the
most asked Java garbage collection interview questions. The meaning of garbage collection in
Java programming is that it automates the memory management for programs running on the
Java virtual machine. So, when you create and run programs, heaps of memory are allocated
for memory consumption. In the long run, there will be several objects of the Java program that
won’t be required. What the garbage collection does is remove the unused objects
automatically. As a result, it optimizes memory. 5. What if you use Java keywords as a variable
or identifier? In case a program contains keywords as a variable, class, etc., then it will show a
compile-time error. 6. What is inheritance in Java? If you have been searching for Java OOPS
interview questions and answers, then this is going to be a top question. It is because
inheritance is a crucial concept in Java related to object-oriented programming (OOP). In simple
terms, Java inheritance means creating classes that inherit features of some other classes. So,
if you want to build a class that has some relationship with any other classes, then you need to
use the inheritance method. As a result, the new class that you create will have the features of
the inherited class. It is a good mechanism to use to set up a hierarchy between classes. 7.
What is polymorphism in Java? This is yet another important concept in the list of top Java
interview questions and answers related to OOPS. The general meaning of polymorphism is
“the condition of occurring in several different forms.” So, polymorphism in Java can be defined
as the ability of a class to take different forms or to provide different functionalities. For example,
you can use this method to show a single message in multiple forms, based on the set
parameters. 8. What is encapsulation in Java? If you have been in the field of programming for
some time now, then one of the core Java interview questions for 3 years experience will be
about encapsulation. Let’s understand its meaning here. Java encapsulation is a process that
allows you to integrate the data variables and code and store them as a single thing. It is like
two different capsules of medicine are mixed together to create a new single capsule. This is the
logic behind calling it encapsulation. An important thing to know here is that after the
encapsulation of variables of a class, It won’t be possible for other classes to access these
variables. 9. What is serialization in Java? Java interview questions related to serialization are
so common to be asked when you appear for a job interview. When there is a need for
transferring an object code in Java from one JVM to another, then the serialization process is
used. Here, what it does is convert the object code to a stream so that it can be transferred to
another JVM over the internet or network. Once the stream is received on another JVM, it then
goes through the deserialization process so that it can be converted back to the object code and
brought into use. 10. What is Java JDBC? JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity. It is an
API to establish and manage a connection to the database right from within the Java program.
Using JDBC, the developers or programmers can connect to not only one but multiple
databases. You can say that it works like a communication channel between the program and
the database. Developers can use it to connect to any database if the relevant drivers are in
use. Since it is not a basic topic, it is an important concept for people looking for core Java
interview questions for experienced. 11. What is Java enum? Enum in Java stands for
enumeration. It is a data type that comes with a set of pre-defined constant values. These
values are separated by a comma. The enum concept was brought to this programming as part
of Java 5. For declaring the enums, the enum keyword is used. 12. What is constructor
overloading in Java? Another concept to keep in your list of Java interview questions and
answers for experienced developers is constructor overloading. The role of Java constructors is
to define the state of an object. When there are various constructors of a single class to be
defined, it is called constructor overloading. As a result, a class becomes capable of possessing
multiple constructors. 13. What is copy constructor in Java? It is a constructor that is used when
you need to make a copy of an object of an existing object of the same class. Here, the new
copy of the object wouldn’t impact the existing object. 14. Which keyword in Java is used to
inherit a class? We should use the extends keyword for this purpose. 15. What are the top
benefits of inheritance in Java? Following are the main benefits of Java inheritance: ● Code
reusability ● Method overriding ● Ability to achieve runtime polymorphism ● Optimize duplicate
code ● Improve the redundancy of the app ● Code flexibility so that it can be changed easily 16.
What are the different memory areas assigned by JVM? There are five types of memory areas
that a JVM can allocate: ● Class(Method) Area ● Heap memory ● Stack memory ● Program
Counter Register ● Native Method Stack 17. What are access modifiers in Java? As a
programming enthusiast, you should know about the access modifiers while preparing for the
Java interview questions and answers. As the name suggests, the access modifiers in Java are
used to manage the access level for classes, variables, methods, constructors, etc. The access
can be changed or specified using these access modifiers. Access modifiers are of four types: ●
Public ● Private ● Default ● Protected 18. How many types of inheritance are there in Java?
There are five types of Java inheritance: ● Single-level inheritance ● Multi-level Inheritance ●
Hierarchical Inheritance ● Multiple Inheritance ● Hybrid Inheritance 19. Can you restrict an
object from inheriting its subclass? If yes, how? Yes. It is possible if we declare the member or
object private. In such a case, the subclass can’t access the private members directly. 20. How
can we remove the duplicate elements from a list of numbers if Java 8 is being used? First, we
need to apply the stream so those duplicate elements will be found and then make a new
collection by applying Collections.toSet() method. Advanced Java Interview Questions and
Answers for Experienced (5-10 Years) 1. What is the difference between heap memory and
stack memory in Java? Two types of memory are used in the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). One
is heap memory, and another is stack memory. The primary difference between the two is that
heap memory’s role is to store objects, whereas stack memory stores local variables and the
order of method execution. The following tabular comparison shows all the key differences
between the both. While preparing for Java interview questions and answers, ensure to
understand this concept well. Heap Memory Stack Memory Used to save JRE classes and
objects Used to save methods, variables, and reference variables Memory size is larger
Memory size is small It takes more time to access or allocate heap memory It takes less time to
access or allocate stack memory No fixed format or order LIFO (Last In First Out) order Allows
changes to the allocated memory Doesn’t allow changes to the allocated memory -Xmx and
-Xms are used to increase/decrease memory size -Xss is used to increase memory size
Memory allocation or deallocation is done manually Memory allocation or deallocation is done
using compiler Shared memory for all threads Dedicated memory for every object Higher cost
Lower cost 2. Which are the best Java compilers? If you are an experienced developer, then
you must know about the top Java compilers. Because this is going to be one of the top
interview questions on Java for experienced professionals. Here is the list of best compilers for
Java programming: ● Eclipse ● NetBeans ● Xcode ● AndroidStudio ● Tabnine ● Codota ●
Codenvy ● JDeveloper ● jGrasp ● IntelliJ IDEA ● BlueJ ● MyEclipse ● Slickedit ● JBoss Forge
● JEdit 3. What is the difference between equals() method and equality (==) operator in Java?
There are a number of key differences between the equals method and the equality operator in
Java. The primary difference is that one is a method, and another is an operator. Such tricky
concepts are usually asked when you have some experience in this field. So, you need to study
the core Java interview questions and answers for experienced professionals really well. For
this question, we have created a tabular comparison to help you understand the differences
between the equals method and equality operator in Java. Equals() Method Equality Operator
(==) It is a method It is an operator Its role is for comparing the content of an object Its role is for
comparing the reference values and objects It can be overridden Can’t be overridden Can’t be
used with primitives Can be used with primitives 4. Can you inherit static members to a
subclass? No. It can’t be done. 5. Can you override the final method in Java? No. It can’t be
overridden. 6. How to declare an infinite loop in Java? You must be well-prepared for such Java
programming interview questions. There are three ways to declare an infinite loop in Java. 1.
While loop Syntax while(condition){ //code } 2. For Loop Syntax
for(initialization;condition;updation){ //code } 3. Do-While Loop Syntax do{ //code
}while(condition); 7. What are the roles of final, finally, and finalize keywords in Java? There are
50+ keywords in Java, and three similar-sounding keywords from them are final, finally, and
finalize. Let’s understand the differences between them with the following comparison. You must
know it because it can be one of those core Java interview questions for experienced. final
finally finalize Its role is to execute limitations or restrictions on classes, methods, or variables Its
role is in exception handling. finally keyword runs the crucial code no matter whether the
exception occurs or not. Used for processing clean up during garbage collection. Can be
applied to classes, methods, and variables Can be applied to exception handling cases Can be
applied to objects After declaring the final keyword, it can’t be updated. Whether an exception
occurs or it does not, the finally keyword will run the crucial code. The cleaning of objects during
garbage collection is done using the finalize keyword. This keyword is applied only when it is
called. It gets applied once the execution of the try-catch block is done. It applies at the time of
object cleaning. 8. When to use the super keyword in Java? The role of the super keyword in
Java is to refer to the adjacent parent class object. It is generally used with variables, methods,
and constructors. In addition to being a reference keyword for parent class objects, it can also
be used to trigger the parent class methods and constructors. 9. What is a ClassLoader in
Java? A Java ClassLoader is used to load the classes in JRE in a dynamic manner. It is an
important component in the Runtime Environment that loads the class into the memory part of
the JRE. It is because of ClassLoaders that the JRE doesn’t have to have information about the
files loaded to it. 10. What are the different types of ClassLoaders in Java? There are three
ClassLoader types in Java, as defined below: 1. BootStrap ClassLoader Used for loading the
important classes and internal classes of Java Development Kit (JDK). This ClassLoader runs
only when it is called by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). 2. Extension ClassLoader Used for
loading classes from the extensions directory of the JDK. It is a child of the BootStrap
ClassLoader. 3. System ClassLoader Also called Application ClassLoader, it is used for loading
the classes from the environment variable CLASSPATH. It is a child of the Extension
ClassLoader. 11. Is it possible to access the members of a subclass if you create a superclass’
object? No. It is not possible to access the subclass members. Only superclass members will be
accessible. 12. How to define a functional interface in Java? We can use the
@Functionalinterface annotation in the Java 8 to define a functional interface. 13. How Lambda
expressions and functional interface are interrelated? We can call the functional interface a
large platform that comes with numerous expressions. The lambda expressions are one such
part of this interface. This is the interrelation between the two. 14. What methods are used in
Java 8 to define a number in functional interface? Generally, the static method and default
method are used when a number is defined in a functional interface. 15. What are the things to
know and guidelines related to functional interface in Java 8? Programmers need to follow these
guidelines: ● Only a single method should be used to define the interface ● You can’t define
multiple abstracts ● Utilize @Functionalinterface annotation in order to define a functional
interface ● To define a number, you can use whatever method you want to ● In case you
override the method of java.lang.object class, it won’t be counted as an abstract method. 16.
What are the different types of functional interfaces in Java 8? These are the main types of
functional interface: ● Consumer ● Predicate ● Supplier ● Function (UnaryOperator and
BinaryOperator) 17. State the biggest difference between Map and FlatMap. The primary
difference between the two is that Map wraps the return value in the ordinal type, whereas
FlatMap doesn’t do it. 18. What is the primary benefit for which one should use Metaspace over
PermGen? There is one big reason to go for Metaspace instead of PermGen. This reason is
that the size of PermGen is fixed. As a result, it can’t increase in a dynamic manner. On the
other hand, the Metaspace does not have any limitations in terms of size. Its size can increase
dynamically. 19. What is the difference between composition and aggregation in Java? Both
composition and aggregation are associations in Java. The former is considered a strong
association, while the latter is considered a weak association. Let’s understand the differences
between them with the below tabular comparison: Aggregation Composition Weak Strong There
is a relationship between classes A class belongs to another class Interrelated classes can be
independent Classes are dependent on each other. As the classes can be independent, it is
great for reusing the code As the classes are not independent, code reusability becomes difficult
List of Java 8 Interview Questions Here are some of the most common interview questions on
Java 8: 1. What are the new features in Java SE 8? 2. What are some of the main benefits of
using Java 8? 3. Define optional class. 4. What is a functional interface in Java 8? 5. Define
MetaSpace. 6. What is the meaning of the String::ValueOf expression? 7. Explain the concept of
streams in Java 8. 8. What is Nashorn in Java 8? 9. How is MetaSpace different from
PermGen? 10. What do you mean by method reference? 11. Explain intermediate and terminal
operations. 12. Which are the most used terminal operations? 13. Is it possible for a functional
interface to inherit another interface? 14. What is the difference between findFirst() and
findAny()? 15. Which are the key components of a Java stream? 16. Which functional interfaces
come pre-defined in Java 8? 17. What does type interface mean? 18. State the syntax of a
lambda expression. 19. What is the difference between collection and stream? 20. Explain the
role of JJS in Java 8. Java Interview FAQs 1. What is Java interview questions? The Java
interview questions mean the concepts or things that are very likely to be asked to a candidate
when he/she goes for the job interview. These are appropriate for candidates applying for jobs
as: ● Java Developer ● Java Programmer ● Senior Java Developer ● Java Web Developer ●
Java Android Developer ● Java EE Developer ● Java Engineer ● Java Technical Lead 2. Can
you share some Java OOPS interview questions? Following OOPS concepts in Java interview
questions can be asked to you: ● What is the meaning of OOPS in programming? ● What is the
role of OOPS in Java? ● What are the primary features of OOPS? ● What are the pros and
cons of OOPS? ● What is encapsulation? ● What is polymorphism? ● What is abstraction? ● Is
Java a pure object-oriented programming language? If not, why? ● What is the difference
between a class and an object? ● What are manipulators? ● What is the difference between
constructor and method? ● What is a destructor? ● What are the different types of inheritance?
● What is the difference between OOP and procedural programming? ● Explain the difference
between error and exception. ● Which are the most popular object-oriented programming
languages? ● What is the difference between runtime polymorphism and compile-time
polymorphism? ● Is it mandatory that objects will always be created from a class? ● What is a
subclass? ● What is a superclass? ● What is static polymorphism? ● What is dynamic
polymorphism? ● What is the difference between overriding and overloading? ● What is
garbage collection? 3. What are the top Java spring boot interview questions? Here is the list of
questions related to spring boot: ● What is spring boot in Java? ● Why use spring boot? What
are its benefits? ● Which are the main components of spring boot? ● What is spring intializer? ●
Explain the differences between @Controller and @RestController? ● What do you understand
by dependency injection? ● How to define properties in spring boot? ● What do you mean by
starter dependency? ● What is the role of @SpringBootApplication? ● Why do you use
@ComponentScan? ● Explain start dependencies. ● Explain the differences between
GetMapping and RequestMapping? ● What do you mean by Spring Boot CLI? ● Tell me about
some of the most used CLI commands? 4. What are the most asked Java microservices
interview questions? Here is the list of questions related to microservices that can be asked in
your Java interview: ● What do you understand by microservices architecture? ● Which are the
top microservices tools? ● Why do we use microservices? ● What is the role of reports and
dashboards in microservices? ● Explain the difference between monolithic architecture and
microservices? ● What is monolithic architecture? ● Tell about the key features of
microservices. ● What is cohesion? ● What do you understand by coupling? ● What is the
meaning of domain-driven design? ● What is bounded context? ● Explain which tests are used
in microservices? ● Why is PACT used in microservices? 5. What are some Java interview
questions for Selenium Tester? As a Selenium Automation Tester, you can expect the following
interview questions on Java: ● What is data hiding in Java? ● Explain the concept of
encapsulation? ● What do you understand by a tightly encapsulated class? ● Tell me about the
getter and setter methods in Java? ● What does the Is-A relationship mean in Java? ● Explain
the limitations of Java in Selenium testing? ● What is Java method overloading? ● Tell me about
the same-origin policy and the way of handling it? ● How to implement inheritance in Java? ●
Does Java support multiple inheritances using class? If not, why? ● Can you make use of
super() and this() in a single constructor? 6. Which are the top Java concurrency interview
questions? The interviewer may ask you the following concurrency questions in Java: ● What is
concurrency? ● What do you mean by the executors framework? ● Explain the atomic
operation? ● Explain the lifecycle of a thread? ● How to set up the environment for Java
concurrency? ● What is an atomic operation in Java? ● Which atomic classes are used in the
API of Java concurrency? ● What is an executor class? ● Explain the concept of lock interface
in concurrency API? ● What is BlockingQueue in Java concurrency? ● What do you understand
by FutureTask class? 7. What are the frequently asked Java collections interview questions?
Here is the list of interview questions on the Java collections concept: ● What is Java collection?
● Explain the differences between collection and array in Java? ● Explain the difference
between ArrayList and LinkedList? ● What is the difference between enumeration and iterator in
Java? ● Tell me about the collection framework hierarchy? ● What is a priority queue? ● Explain
the differences between HashSet and TreeSet in Java? ● State the differences between
HashSet and HashMap? ● Is it possible to add a null element to HashSet? ● What are fail-fast
and fail-safe iterators? ● Explain the differences between ListIterator and Iterator? 8. Which are
the primary Java thread interview questions? Below is the list of common questions related to
threading and multithreading in Java programming: ● Explain the concept of multithreading in
Java? ● What benefits does multithreading offer? ● What are the different states of a thread
lifecycle? ● How to create a Java thread? ● How to implement a thread in Java? ● Tell about the
concept of thread priority. ● How do the threads in Java interact with each other? ● Explain
ThreadLocal in Java. ● What are some ways to get thread safety? ● What is the reason behind
a sleep() thread being static? ● What is a daemon thread, and how to create it? ● What is
deadlock? ● Explain the concept of a thread pool and how can we create a thread pool. 9.
Which are the top Java string interview questions? Following is the list of interview questions on
Java string concept: ● Define the string in Java? ● What are the ways for string declaration in
Java? ● What is the role of the string intern() method? ● Explain the differences between String
and StringBuffer? ● When saving passwords in Java, developers choose a character array over
a string. Why do they do so? ● What are the reasons behind string being immutable? ● State
the differences between StringBuilder and StringBuffer in Java. ● How can you compare two
strings in Java? ● Explain the role of the substring() method in Java? ● Can you check whether
a string is empty or not? If yes, how? ● What are the ways for converting a string to a byte
array? ● How to find the longest palindrome in a Java string? ● What is a string pool in Java?
10. What are the most asked Java inheritance interview questions? Recruiters or interviewers
often ask these questions related to inheritance in Java: ● Explain Java inheritance. ● What is
the purpose of using inheritance? ● Define the Is-A relationship in Java? ● How to implement
inheritance in Java? ● How to create the subclass of a class? ● What are the main benefits of
inheritance? ● State the difference between inheritance and multi-level inheritance? ● Explain
hybrid inheritance. ● What are the different types of inheritance? ● Does Java support multi
inheritance through class? If not, why? 11. What are the top Java 8 interview questions for 10
years experience? These tough Java interview questions can be asked to an experienced
candidate: ● What is new in Java 8 compared to previous versions? ● What is a functional
interface in Java 8? ● Explain the differences between a functional interface and a SAM
interface. ● How to define a functional interface? ● What guidelines need to be followed for the
functional interface? ● How to define a number in a functional interface? ● How are lambda
expressions and functional interfaces interrelated? ● What are the main types of functional
interfaces in Java 8? ● State the differences between Map and FlatMap. ● What are the benefits
of using Metaspace compared to PerGen? 12. What are the Java technical lead interview
questions? In case you are applying for the role of Java Technical Lead, then expect some tricky
and technical Java interview questions, as mentioned below: ● Can you debug a Java program
while it's running? How? ● What is an asynchronous event? ● Which tools are best to use for
testing Java code? ● Which tools are the best to probe Java memory leaks? ● Explain the
decorator design pattern in Java. ● What are the key Java 8 features that can make the lives of
programmers easier? ● What is the role of LDAP servers? ● Have you developed enterprise
software or applications using Java? Share the name and your experience with it. ● What is an
LDAP server and its uses? ● Explain the Spring MVC flow. ● What are RESTful web services in
Java? ● What are some good ways to avoid a database deadlock? ● Explain the concepts of
Spring security authentication and authorization. ● What is digest authentication in Spring
security? ● What is SecurityContext in Spring security? ● State the use of
AbstractSecurityInterceptor in spring security. ● What is a 2-way SSL, and why is it required? ●
How to implement 2-way SSL using spring boot? ● Explain the design patterns in microservices
architecture. 13. What are the most asked Java interview questions for 2 years experience? For
developers or programmers working for a couple of years now, below are the top Java interview
questions for 2 years experience: ● Is it possible to override a static method? If yes, how? ●
Which Java class is considered the base class? ● State the difference between HashMap and
HashSet. ● Why Java strings are immutable? ● What is a ClassPath in Java? ● Explain the
differences between StringBuffer and StringBuilder. ● What is Java multithreading? ● What is an
applet in Java? ● Explain garbage collection in Java. ● What is inheritance in Java? ● What is
polymorphism in Java? ● Explain Java serialization. ● When should we use the transient
variable? ● Is it possible to call the start method twice? If yes, how? ● How to make a class
immutable in Java? ● What is a Java copy constructor? ● How the sorting of custom objects is
done in Java? ● Explain the marker interface in Java. ● Explain the differences between
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