Chapter 2

The Range Of Research Topics In

The Area Of Inquiry
 At the end of this design research used in daily life.
lesson, you should
be able to: write a research title.

describe the background of the

research.

state research questions.

Learning
Competencies
indicate scope and delimitation of
the study.

present written statement of the

problem.
Lesson 5

The Range Of
Research
Topics In The
Area Of Inquiry
5 Factors To Consider To Find Out If A Problem Is
Researchable
The problem is existing in the locality but no known solution to the
problem.

The solution to the problem can be answered using statistical methods and
techniques.

There are probable solutions but not yet tested.

The occurrence of the phenomena requires scientific investigation to arrive

at a precise solution.

It is a serious need or problem of the people that demands research.

4
 It should be something new or different
from what has already been written about.

It must be original.

Criteria in It should be significant to the field of

Choosing a study or discipline.

Research It must necessarily arouse intellectual

curiosity.
Problem It should be of researcher’s interest and
researcher must be with the topic.
 It should be a modest one for a beginner to
be carried on within a limited period of time.

It should be clear, not ambiguous.

Criteria in
Choosing a It should be specific, not general.
Research
Problem It should consider the training and
personal qualifications of the researcher.
 It should consider the availability of data
involved in the study and the methods and
techniques to be employed in gathering them.
It should consider the availability of effective
instruments for gathering the data and their
Criteria in treatment.
Choosing a It should consider the financial capacity of the
Research researcher to support the project.

Problem It should consider the time factor involved in

the undertaking.
Lesson 6

The Value Of
Research In
The Area Of
Interest
 TECHNICAL PERSONAL
The following may
• Significant to chosen • Interest
be considered as field/advancement of • Training
science or specialization
basis for selecting • Expertise
• Pioneering or novel • Financial capacity
the problem: • Originality • Time factor involved in
• Arouse intellectual the project
curiosity
• Relevance to degree
• Availability or
manageability of data
• Availability of instruments
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD TITLE
1. A title should give readers information about the contents of the
research and is preferable to one that is vague or general.

2. Titles do not need to be stuffy or dull but they should generally give
readers some idea at the outset of what the research paper will contain.

3. Choose a title that is a phrase rather than a complete sentence

4. Select a straightforward title over other kinds.

GUIDELINES IN THE FORMULATION OF A
RESEARCH TITLE
a. The subject matter of research problem
1. The title must contain the b. The setting or locale of the study
following elements: c. The respondents or participants involved in the study
d. The time or period when the study was conducted

2. The title must be broad enough to include all aspects of the

study but should be brief and concise as possible.

3. The use of terms as “Analysis of”, “A Study of”, “An

Investigation of” and the like should be avoided
GUIDELINES IN THE FORMULATION OF A
RESEARCH TITLE
4. If the title contains more than one line, it should be written
in inverted pyramid.

5. When typed or encoded in the title page, all words in the title
should be in capital letters.

6. If possible, the title should not be longer than 15 substantive

words.
GUIDELINES IN THE FORMULATION OF A
RESEARCH TITLE
7. Avoid a long, detailed title that gives too much information.

8. To shorten the title, delete the terms “assessment” or “evaluation” if these

are already emphasized in the text.

9. Use no punctuation at the end of the title.

10. Title should be a phrase rather than a complete sentence (declarative not
interrogative)
 SAMPLE RESEARCH TITLES
Level Of Interest And Technical Skills In Relation To The Academic Performance Of Grade 12 ICT Students In
Valenzuela National High School
The Effects Of Playing Multiplayer Online Battle Arena Games To The Academic Performance Of Senior High
School Students In Valenzuela National High School
Level Of Satisfaction Of Senior High School ICT Students Towards Utilization Of Computer Laboratories In
Valenzuela National High School
The Impact Of Tech-integration Of Tech – Integration In The Learning - Process To Senior High School
Students Of Valenzuela National High School
The Perception On The School Security Measures Among The Students Of Valenzuela National High School

Four Exits Of Senior High School Graduates Of Valenzuela National High School: A Survey
 SAMPLE RESEARCH TITLES

Level of Familiarity in Setting up Computer Network in Relation to the Academic Performance

of Grade 12 ICT Students in Valenzuela National High School
Learning Experiences between Blended Learning And Modular Learning Among Grade 12 ICT
Senior High School Students of Valenzuela National High School
Learning Environment in Relation to The Academic Achievement of Senior High School ICT
Students
Level of Satisfaction of Senior High School ICT Student Toward the Implementation of Blended
Learning System
Computer Literacy of SHS Students in Valenzuela National High School: A Self-Assessment
 SAMPLE RESEARCH TITLES

Factors that Affect Food Preferences as Perceived by the Families in Valenzuela City

Influence of Social Media on Food Priorities during Community Quarantine

The Effects of Self-Paced Learning to the Academic Performance of Students in Bread and
Pastry Production in Valenzuela City
Level of Awareness of Nutrition Facts of the Grade 12 Home Economics Students in Valenzuela
National High School
Effectiveness of Online Learning in Achieving Competencies in Food and Beverage Services NC
II
Lesson 7

The Specificity
And Feasibility
Of The
Problem Posed
 Chapter 1 Introduction
Statement of the Problem
THE PROBLEM
Scope and Delimitation
AND ITS
Significance of the Study
BACKGROUND Hypothesis of the Study
Definition of Terms
Background of the Study
• It is the general orientation to the problem
area.
• A brief rationale to justify the problem must
be provided.
• This is the present state of knowledge
regarding the problem.
Background of the Study
The background includes:
• Concepts and ideas related to the problem
• Discussion of the problem in general and the
specific situations as observed and
experienced by the researcher
• Discussion of the existing or present
conditions and what is aimed to be in the
future or the gap to be filled in by the
researcher.
Background
of the Study
- Example
Statement of the Problem
 This is the basic difficulty, the issue, the area
of concern, the circumstances which exist, then,
how they ought to be.
 It has 2 main elements:
1. Objective or Purpose of the Study
• the first part of the problem where the researcher
states the objective or what is expected to be achieved
by the study
2. Research Questions or Investigative Problems
• specific questions which are to be answered in the
study
Statement of the Problem – Example
Statement of the Problem – Example
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
 Scope describes the coverage of the study. It
specifies what is covered in terms of concept,
number of subjects or the population included
in the study, as well as the timeline when the
study was conducted.
 Delimitation are factors or variables that are not
to be included in the study. It is the boundary in
terms of time frame, number of subjects,
participants or respondents who are excluded
and which the researcher will not deal within the
study.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
 Parameters of the research
1. What – the topic of investigation and the
variables included
2. Where – the venue or the setting of the
research
3. When - the time frame by which the study was
conducted
4. Why – the general objectives of the research
5. Who – the subject of the study, the population
and sampling
6. How – the methodology of the research which
may include the research design, methodology
and the research instrument
Scope and Delimitation of the Study – Example
Significance of the Study
 This is the part where researcher defines who will
benefit out of the findings of the study.
Significance of the Study - Example
Significance of the Study - Example
Hypothesis of the Study
 defined as wise guess that is formulated and
temporarily adopted to explain the observed facts
covered by the study.
 guides the researcher to describe the procedure to
follow in conducting the study
 important because it tells the researcher what to
and how to go about solving the research problem
Types of Hypothesis
 There are two types of hypothesis:
 null hypothesis (H0)
 alternative hypothesis (Ha or H1)
Types of Hypothesis
 Null Hypothesis (H0)
 a type of a denial of existence of a trait,
characteristic, quality, value, correlation or
difference of the result
 always stated in negative form
 the variables are equal; hence, the difference
is zero
H0: 1- 𝟐 =0
Types of Hypothesis
 Null Hypothesis – Example

Research Problem:
Is there a significant relationship between TLE scores
and the number of hours of study in TLE of senior
high school students in public schools in Metro
Manila?
Null Hypothesis:
There is no significant relationship between TLE
scores and the number of hours of study in TLE of
senior high school students in public schools in Metro
Manila.
Types of Hypothesis
 Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)
 a type of hypothesis which affirms the
existence of observed phenomena
 opposite of null hypothesis
 stated in positive form
Ha : 1≠ 𝟐
Types of Hypothesis
 Alternative Hypothesis – Example

Research Problem:
Is there a significant relationship between TLE scores
and the number of hours of study in TLE of senior
high school students in public schools in Metro
Manila?
Null Hypothesis:
There is a significant relationship between TLE scores
and the number of hours of study in TLE of senior
high school students in public schools in Metro
Manila.
Hypothesis of the Study - Example
Definition of Terms
 An alphabetical list of important terms or
acronyms that you define, particularly ambiguous
terms or those used in a special way.
 These terms include particular theoretical
constructs, formulas, operational definitions that
differ from colloquial definitions, schools of
thought and discipline-specific acronyms
Definition of Terms - Example
 Chapter 1 Introduction
Statement of the Problem
THE PROBLEM
Scope and Delimitation
AND ITS
Significance of the Study
BACKGROUND Hypothesis
Definition of Terms
 Cover Page (see sample)
APA Paper Size: Letter (8.5” x 11”)
Paper Format Font: Times New Roman
Font Size: 12
Spacing: Double (2.0)
Margin: Left 1.5”, all sides 1”
Alignment: Left (not Justified)
Indention (per paragraph): 0.5”
Page Number: Upper Right (all pages)
Page Headings (Chapter number and title): Centered, Bold,
Capitalize each word (NOT all capital)
Page Sub-headings (parts of the chapter): Left aligned, Bold
Cover Page
Cover Page