Dr.

Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati

Sambhajinagar

Project report of EBL

On
" Application of Experienced based learning in SOM lab.”

Submitted by
Aman Khan (TYMB17)
Aniket Pradhan(TYMB18)
Arpit Aghor(TYMB19)
Ashish Wagh(TYMB20)
Under the guidance of
Prof. P. A . Lad
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of
B. Tech. in Mechanical Engineering.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Chhatrapati
Sambhajinagar
(An Autonomous Institute)
Academic Year: 2024-25
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report entitled

" Application of Experienced based learning in SOM lab. ”

Submitted by

Aman Khan (TYMB17)

Aniket Pradhan(TYMB18)
Arpit Aghor(TYMB19)
Ashish Wagh(TYMB20)
Has completed as per the requirements of
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University,
Aurangabad in partial fulfilment of
Degree of B. Tech. in Mechanical Engineering
For the Academic Year 2024-2025

Prof. P. A. Lad Dr. A.J. Keche Dr. N. G . Patil

Guide HOD Director

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Chhatrapati
Sambhajinagar
(An Autonomous Institute)
Academic Year : 2024-25
 ACKOWLEDGEMENET

We are grateful and indebted to our project guide Prof. P. A. Lad for giving us
this opportunity to work under his supervision and for his indefatigable efforts in
bringing up of our project work. We would also like to extend our sincere thanks
to the Head of Department Dr. A. J. Keche for extending necessary help,
providing facilities and time to time valuable guidance.

We are also thankful to the respected Director Dr. N. G . Patil for providing all
the necessary facilities and guidance for effective presentation of our project
work. This project would have been incomplete without the persisting support
and belief of our parents who had been a constant source of inspiration. We would
like to thank our friends from Mechanical Engineering department for providing
their valuable time and help during our project work. We would like to thank all
the staff members of Mechanical Engineering Department and staff members of
workshop who directly or indirectly helped us in completing this task
successfully.

Last but clearly not the least, we would thank The Almighty for giving us strength
and courage for timely completion of this project work.

Aman Khan (TYMB17)

Aniket Pradhan (TYMB18)

Arpit Aghor (TYMB19)

Ashish Wagh (TYMB20)

 ABSTRACT

This report gives the information about machines that are used in strength of
material lab and also how to perform experiments on these machines. But at the
start of new academic year the faculty who is teaching in the SOM lab may
change, so for the new faculty who is teaching in SOM lab it may be time
consuming to read all manuals and instructions about how to perform
experiments or practical on different machines, so for this we created QR-codes
for each machine. By scanning these QR-codes they will give the information
about how the practical should be performed on that particular machine in a
simple way, which may help the faculty and students to understand the steps in
performing that particular practical.
 INDEX

Sr. List of Figure Page

No. No.
Chapter: 1
01 1.1 Introduction. 1
1.2 Objective.

02 Chapter:2 2-9
Types of machines in SOM lab
03 Chapter: 3 10
3.1 Problem Statement
3.2 Solution Development

04 Chapter: 4 11
Result and Discussion

05 Chapter:5 11
Conclusion

06 Reference. 12
 Chapter: 1
1.1 Introduction
The strength of materials lab refers to the mechanical behaviour and
performance of various substances when subjected to external forces. It is a
crucial branch of mechanics that analyses how different materials, such as
metals, polymers, and composites, respond to stress, strain, and deformation.
In the strength of material lab there are different machine like UTM (Universal
Testing Machine), and also we can perform the test like Torsion Test, Charpy
test, Izod impact test, Hardness test on Rockwell Hardness Testing machine.
This report aims to know the fundamental aspects of the strength of materials,
its applications, and its pivotal role in the field of engineering.

1.2 Objectives
To perform –
-Izod impact test
-Charpy test
-Rockwell hardness test
-Use of UTM machine easily by scanning the QR-code, which will give basic
procedure to perform that particular test.
Importance of Testing Material Strength –
1. Ensures Safety
2. Compliance with Standards and Regulations.
3. Optimizes Design.
4. Prevents Material Failure.
5. Improves Product Performance.
6. Cost Efficiency.
7. Enhances Research and Development

1
 Chapter: 2
Types of Machines in Strength of Material Lab :

Universal Testing Machine :-

Universal testing machine: The machine comprises of two basic units. One
is the straining unit and other is control unit.
Straining unit has got a hydraulic ram providing facility to apply tensile,
compressive, shear, bending load with the help of different attachments using
appropriate crossheads.

Control Unit: The load is applied with the help of pneumatic pressure and is
indicated on dial gauge. Display unit. Load application can be controlled with
the help of control valve & release valve. As all control valves are placed on this
unit therefore it is called as controlling.
This unit is also called as Indicating unit since it indicates load and
displacements. It is used to carry out tension test on wires. UTM Can is used to
test the ropes & pies by using advanced attachment.
UTM is controlled with computers by using interface and computer software.
UTM is used to be calibrated with the help of proving ring after oil changed or
within two years whichever is earlier proving ring is required to be calibrated.

Loading unit: It consists of main hydraulic cylinder and ram assembly located
at the centre of the base. A geared motor fitted on the left of the base rotates the
two main screws through chain and sprocket arrangement. It moves the middle
cross head up or down.
The lower cross head and upper cross heads are rigidly connected by the two
main columns and the entire assembly is connected to hydraulic ram through a
ball and ball seat joint, which ensures axial loading.
The lower and upper cross head assembly move up and down with the ram.
This movement is guided at top side by the bearing sliding around the main
screws.
Four guide bearings are provided in each of the two top bearing brackets fixed
at the top of holder cross head.

2
 A set of two jaw holders slide in the upper and middle cross head for clamping
the tensile test piece.
The sliding motion of jaw holder is achieved by rotating the jaw pinions
manually with the help of jaw handles.
Jaw lock handles provided on the middle beam locks the jaw holder in position
after the specimen is clamped.
The arrangement ensures firm clamping of the specimen and easy takeout of
broken specimen.
For different diameter ranges of round specimen and thickness ranges of flat
specimen, separate jaws are available. It should be ensured that correct jaws are
inserted in the jaw holder.
PROCEDURE:
1) Ensure that the release valve of the control unit is open and control valve is
closed.
2) Move the middle cross head of straining unit rapidly with the help of
mechanical motors. There by the space in upper cross head and middle
crosshead decreases or increases depending on the make of the machine.
3) Now for hydraulic movement of cross heads close the release valve and
slowly open the control valve and observe the slow movement of one of the
three cross heads. It is the movable cross head and remaining are the fixed cross
heads.
4) Observe the space between two consecutive and state combination of cross
heads to apply compressive and tensile load.
5) Put off the machine. Open the release valve and close the control valve.
6) Adjust the position of middle cross head with the help of mechanical
movement (Electrically operated) for application of compressive load on mortar
cube or on suitable sample.
7) Ensure that cross head are touching the specimen. After selecting suitable
range on load dial gauge close the release valve and open slowly the control
valve.

3
8) For the selected range of load note the least count of load dial gauge. Observe
the movement of pointer. In case of electronic unit the values of digital display
increases. Note the gradual application of load.

Fig. Universal Testing Machine

QR-Code for simple procedure.

4
IZOD IMPACT TEST ON METALS
Many structural parts or machine parts are subjected to impact load. Therefore it
is necessary to know the resistance of materials to such impact loads. The
purpose of this test is to find the resistance to impact or ‘shock absorbing
capacity’ of material. Impact strength is lower as compared to slowly applied
loads. The impact strength measures the energy necessary to fracture a standard
notched bar by applying an impulse load or a suddenly applied load. It signifies
the toughness of the material and it also indicates ductility of the material.
PROCEDURE:
1. Observed and study the different part of impact testing machine.
2. Draw the sketch showing the dimension of the specimen as per I.S.
3. Set the pointer to maximum energy on the scale when the pendulum is freely
suspended. In this test the striking energy used is about (160-165 joules).
4. Raise the pendulum hammer to the required height. Release it, allowing a free
swing and observe the energy available in the hammer.
5. Note the initial energy in the observation table. Raise the pendulum again to
the same height as before and clamp it.
6. Warning - See that the hammer is clamped properly and nobody should touch
the release-mechanism of the hammer when the specimen is being fixed.)
7. Fix the specimen in the anvil properly.
8. See that nobody is standing in the swinging range of the hammer.
9. Release the hammer by operating, the release mechanism. The specimen
breaks and the hammer swing to the other side.
10. Observe the energy reading on the scale after breaking the specimen. Note it
as the final energy in the observation table.
11. Repeat the procedure for different specimens and note the initial and final
energy readings.

5
 QR Code for simple procedure.

Fig. Izod and Charpy impact testing machine.

6
CHARPY IMPACT TEST ON METALS
PROCEDURE:
1. Set the pointer to maximum energy on the scale when the pendulum is freely
suspended. In this test the striking energy is used about 300joules.
2. Raise the pendulum hammer to the required height. Release it allowing a free
swing and observe the initial reading on the dial.
3. Raise the pendulum again to the same height as before and clamp it and set
the pointer to maximum energy on the scale.
4. The specimen is used as a simply supported beam and is placed on supports
or anvil so that the blow of hammer is opposite to the notch.
5. Release the hammer by operating the release mechanism. The hammer
strikes the specimen and note final readings.
6. Repeat the procedure for different specimens.
7. Calculate the shock absorbing capacity and note down in the table which is
taken as the Charpy impact value.

QR code for simple procedure.

7
ROCKWELL HARDNESS TEST
Some of the machine parts or parts of structure are subjected to constant
wearing action by other moving parts. It is necessary to see that these parts
posse sufficient hardness to resist wearing action. Hence necessary of this test.

PROCEDURE:
1. Select a test piece of thickness not less than 8 times of diameter of indenter,
its surface such that it should be free from dirt, oxide scale or any harmful
matters if any.
2. Place the selected test piece over the test table such that it must be properly
supported and not to slip when the major load is applied.
3. Raise the main screw by turning hand wheel so that indentor just touches the
surface of test piece at the suitable location.
4. Apply the preliminary load ( F0 = ( 10 0.20 a) Kg and ensure the correct
position of indicator of dial gauge.
5. Apply additional load (F1 = (140 = 0.70) kg) for ball within 3 to 6 seconds.
Thus to obtaining a total load (F= F0 + F1) and wait until the movements of
indicator of the dial stops.
6. When the indicator dial is steady, the additional load (F1) shall be removed so
as to bring the total load back to the preliminary load (F0)
7. At this stage. Indicator of the dial gauge moves in the reverse direction and
becomes stationary.
8. Read the position of indicator of the dial gauge and will give directory
Rockwell hardness number Use scale as, for ball indenter B-scale for diamond
indenter C- scale.
9. Follow the same procedure for different metals to find the Rockwell
hardness number.

8
Fig. Rockwell Hardness Testing Machine.

QR code for simple procedure.

9
Torsion test on metals
Some parts of machines are subjected to angular motion. This angular motion
develops twisting moment on the member. Failure of the members occurs in
different ways. Shear strength of material and the modulus of rigidity govern the
behaviour of the material in torsion.
This test would enable you to understand the behaviour of mild steel under
torsion. The theory of pure torsion is correct only for shafts of circular sections.
Estimation of twisting moment on shaft of non-circular section is a highly
complicated problem.
This is due to the warping of the cross section during the twist. Let on a
rectangular bar of mild steel, a system of small squares is traced.
If now the bar is twisted, it will be seen that the lines which were originally
perpendicular to the axis of the bar will now be curved.
The distortion of the small squares varies along the sides of cross section, the
distortion being a maximum at the middle of the side and zero at the corners.

PROCEDURE:
1. Fit the specimen in the chuck which is concentric with torsion wheel and
adjust the specimen to the required length.
2. Attach a known weight (say W) to the book at the end of the belt passing
over the torsion wheel. Twist on specimen will be T = WR
3. Note corresponding angle of twist. Repeat the procedure for different weights
(corresponding twisting moment T and measure angle of twist. Enter your
observation in the table).

10
 Torsion Testing Machine.

QR-Code for simple procedure.

11
 Chapter: 3
3.1 Problem Statement:
- It is time consuming for new faculty who is going to teach the in
SOM to read manual and explain it to students.
- Sometimes students have to wait if the faculty is not present at that
time in lab to perform the practical or to perform the test on material.
3.2 Solution Development:
For the problem statement discussed above we made QR-codes for
each machine in SOM lab.
By scanning the QR-code students or anyone can understand with
proper images in that particular QR-code regarding how to perform
the test or practical on that particular machine.
It will help new faculty in understanding procedure in manuals and
explain it to students in depth.

Chapter: 4
Result and Discussion:
Finally we got to know the procedure or steps that are needed to
perform the various tests like Izod impact test, Charpy impact test,
hardness test on metals on Rockwell hardness testing machine and use
of UTM in strength of material lab in easy way by just scanning the
QR-code on that particular machine.

12
 Chapter: 5
CONCLUSION
In this report we discussed regarding the how we can help new faculty
and students in understanding how to perform the tests or practical on
specific machines by just scanning the QR-code which may reduce
time and may help students to understand different tests on materials
in strength of material lab.

13
 REFERENCE

• https://www.studocu.com.
• https://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/universal-
testing-machine-components-functions/2449/.
• https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=4145.
• https://www.whlabs.com/a-comprehensive-guide-to-
charpy-impact-testing-procedure-standards-and-
analysis/.
• https://www.hardnessgauge.com/rockwell-test-
procedure/.

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