Title of the Issue: Freedom of Expression and Censorship

Title of the Article: Press freedom is no joke in the Philippines

Source: https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2021/11/07/press-freedom-is-no-
joke-in-the-philippines/

Author: Danilo Araña Arao, University of the Philippines Diliman

SUMMARY NARRATIVE:

The article discusses the state of press freedom in the Philippines,

highlighted by the Nobel Peace Prize awarded to journalists Maria Ressa and
Dmitry Muratov. Despite being perceived as having a free press, the
Philippines remains one of the most dangerous places for journalism. The
government, led by President Rodrigo Duterte, has faced criticism for
suppressing media organizations, such as Rappler, and targeting journalists.
Cases of cyber libel and shutdowns of major media outlets, like ABS–CBN,
have drawn international attention. Red-tagging, arrests, and cyberattacks
against journalists contribute to a climate of repression. The article
emphasizes the need for press freedom to be a crucial election issue in the
upcoming 2022 polls and criticizes Duterte's awkward response to
congratulating Ressa, noting the incongruity with his administration's actions
against press freedom.

WHAT LESSONS HAVE YOU LEARNED?

The Philippines, often perceived as having a free press, contrasts

sharply with the reality of being one of the most dangerous places for
journalists. This highlights the importance of scrutinizing media situations
beyond surface perceptions. Despite claims that the culture of impunity
ended under President Duterte, cases against media organizations like
Rappler, shutdowns of major networks like ABS–CBN, and attacks on
journalists indicate otherwise. This underscores the challenges of addressing
government-led repression and impunity.

The threats to press freedom in the Philippines are real and should not
be trivialized or reduced to mere jokes, especially by those who claim to
defend it while engaging in repression. This reinforces the seriousness of the
situation and the need for genuine efforts to address these challenges.

WHAT SUGGESTIONS CAN YOU OFFER?

Certainly, addressing the issue of press freedom in the Philippines is

crucial for fostering an open and democratic society. These suggestions
come from a Filipino Student who desires peace and freedom of every Filipino
citizen in our country. As a student, we may not have the same resources as
larger organizations, but our voices can still make a significant impact. We
can support and promote media literacy programs to help the public
distinguish between credible journalism and misinformation. Educating the
public on the importance of a free press contributes to a more informed and
discerning citizenry. Launch public awareness campaigns to shed light on the
importance of a free press in a democracy. And, emphasize how press
freedom contributes to accountability, transparency, and the overall well-
being of society.

Addressing press freedom is a complex and ongoing process, requiring

a multifaceted approach involving various stakeholders but very small action
contributes to a larger movement. By staying informed, educating others,
and actively participating in advocacy efforts, we can play a vital role in
promoting press freedom in the Philippines.

Title of the Issue: Privacy and Security

Title of the Article: Data privacy and security during a pandemic

Source: https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/09/14/business/columnists-
business/data-privacy-and-security-during-a-pandemic/767795

Author: Avis Manlapaz

SUMMARY NARRATIVE:

The article titled "Data Privacy and Security During a Pandemic"

addresses the critical considerations and challenges related to data privacy
and security in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It emphasizes the
heightened importance of safeguarding sensitive information as more
individuals and organizations rely on digital platforms for work, education,
and various activities during these unprecedented times.

The article discusses the potential risks associated with increased

online activities, including a surge in cyber threats, phishing attacks, and
data breaches. It underscores the need for businesses and individuals to
prioritize and strengthen their data protection measures, especially given the
sensitive nature of health-related information that may be exchanged in the
current scenario.

Furthermore, the piece likely provides insights into practical strategies

and best practices for maintaining robust data privacy and security protocols
during the pandemic. This may include recommendations for secure online
communication, protecting personal and financial information, and staying
vigilant against evolving cyber threats.

WHAT LESSONS HAVE YOU LEARNED?

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about unique challenges and

considerations regarding data privacy and security. The pandemic has
witnessed a surge in cyber-attacks and phishing attempts, taking advantage
of the chaos and uncertainty.The widespread adoption of remote work has
highlighted the importance of securing communication channels and
ensuring the safe storage of sensitive information. With the increase in
remote work and digital communication, employees must be well-informed
about data privacy risks.Compliance with data protection laws becomes
increasingly important as remote work and data sharing become more
prevalent

WHAT SUGGESTIONS CAN YOU OFFER?

In an era dominated by technological advancements and

interconnected digital landscapes, the protection of data privacy and security
has become an imperative concern for individuals, organizations, and
societies at large. The vast amount of personal and sensitive information
circulating through the digital realm necessitates a comprehensive approach
to safeguarding data from unauthorized access, breaches, and misuse.
Encryption is a powerful tool to protect data both in transit and at rest.
Employing strong encryption algorithms ensures that even if unauthorized
access occurs, the data remains unreadable. Educating individuals about
cybersecurity best practices and conducting regular training sessions can
significantly reduce the risk of human error and enhance overall security
awareness.

Safeguarding data privacy and security is not just a technological

challenge but a societal responsibility. As our lives become increasingly
intertwined with digital platforms, the need for robust security measures
becomes paramount. By prioritizing individual rights, fostering trust, and
implementing effective security strategies, we can navigate the digital
landscape with confidence, knowing that our data is protected from potential
threats. As technology continues to evolve, the commitment to data privacy
and security must remain steadfast, ensuring a safer and more resilient
digital future for all.
Title of the Issue: Surveilance and Data Retention

Title of the Article: Surveillance, security laws hurting investigative

journalism

Source: https://www.rappler.com/world/global-affairs/168544-investigative-
journalism-unesco-study-posetti/

Author: Carmela Fonbuena

SUMMARY NARRATIVE:

This news article discusses a comprehensive UNESCO study that

reveals growing threats to investigative journalism in 121 countries due to
new laws and technologies. The study, titled "Protecting Journalism Sources
in the Digital Age," emphasizes the challenges posed by surveillance, data
retention, and national security legislation, hindering journalists' ability to
safeguard the identity of their sources.

The study, authored by Julie Posetti, urges journalists to undergo digital

security training, educate the public, and advocate for institutional reforms.
Investigative journalism, reliant on confidential sources and whistleblowers,
faces significant challenges due to the combination of these three elements.

Recent incidents, including security agencies intercepting reporters'

emails, US customs officials seizing journalists' phones, and Australian
Federal Police illegally accessing a journalist's metadata, are described as
"utterly chilling," prompting calls for urgent reforms.

Legal ways to protect sources have been overridden by national

security and anti-terrorism legislation, surveillance (both mass and targeted),
and jeopardized by mandatory retention policies imposed on Internet Service
Providers (ISPs), telecommunications companies, search engines, and social
media platforms.

The study identifies these factors as a direct challenge to the universal

human rights of freedom of expression and privacy, posing a threat to the
sustainability of investigative journalism. Posetti hopes the study will prompt
action to defend investigative journalism against these challenges.

The article highlights 13 key findings, including the intersection of

source protection issues with mass surveillance, the erosion of legal and
regulatory protections for journalists' sources, the need for introducing or
updating source protection laws, and the impact on the financial cost and
production of investigative journalism based on confidential sources.

Recommendations include defining 'acts of journalism,' strengthening

source protection laws alongside whistleblower protections and educating
journalists and citizens in digital safety. The study underscores the critical
role of legal protections, transparency, and education in preserving freedom
of expression, privacy, and the sustainability of investigative journalism
globally.

WHAT LESSONS HAVE YOU LEARNED?

The UNESCO study on media trends in 121 countries highlights the

growing threats to investigative journalism, particularly due to new laws and
technologies that impede journalists' ability to protect the identity of their
sources. The study emphasizes the urgency for journalists to adapt to the
digital age's challenges, advocate for legal protections, and actively engage
in promoting institutional changes to sustain investigative journalism in the
face of evolving threats.

WHAT SUGGESTIONS CAN YOU OFFER?

Preserving digital privacy in the face of surveillance and data retention

demands a proactive and informed approach. By adopting privacy-focused
technologies, implementing secure practices, and staying vigilant,
individuals can reclaim control over their digital footprint. Moreover, fostering
legal awareness and supporting initiatives that champion digital rights
contribute to the broader conversation surrounding online privacy. As the
digital landscape continues to evolve, the commitment to protecting
personal privacy remains a fundamental aspect of a technologically
empowered society.
Title of the Issue: E-pollutants and E-waste

Title of the Article: How Soaring E-Waste Pollution Is Putting Lives

at Risk

Source: https://earth.org/e-waste-pollution/

Author: April Miller

SUMMARY NARRATIVE:

The article discusses the increasing issue of electronic waste, or e-

waste, and its impact on the environment. E-waste consists of discarded
electronic devices, such as old DVD players, laptops, and cellphones, which
often end up in landfills. The amount of e-waste generated worldwide was
around 54 million metric tons in 2019 and is projected to increase by 30% by
2030.

E-waste poses unique ecological concerns as it contains hazardous

chemicals, including mercury, cadmium, beryllium, and lead. When
improperly disposed of in landfills, these substances can contaminate the
soil, water, and air, negatively affecting human and marine life. The
manufacturing processes of electronic devices also contribute to
environmental harm.

Furthermore, the article highlights the health risks associated with e-

waste exposure, such as negative birth outcomes, increased rates of ADHD
in children, changes in lung function, DNA damage, respiratory issues,
impaired thyroid function, and an elevated risk of chronic diseases like
cancer and cardiovascular disease.
 Efforts to address the e-waste problem include state and federal
legislation establishing recycling programs, electronic return initiatives by
manufacturers, and the Right to Repair movement. The latter aims to make it
easier for consumers to repair their devices, reducing the amount of e-waste
entering landfills. The benefits of proper e-waste recycling are emphasized,
including preventing carbon emissions and protecting the environment and
human health. The article concludes by urging governments, consumers, and
manufacturers to work together to find viable solutions to the growing issue
of e-waste.

WHAT LESSONS HAVE YOU LEARNED?

The article highlights the pressing issue of electronic waste, or e-waste,

discussing its sources, impact on the environment, and potential solutions.
Key points include:

1. Definition of E-Waste:

E-waste comprises unwanted, non-functional, or outdated electronic devices

like laptops, cellphones, and televisions.

2. E-Waste Generation:

The proliferation of electronic devices, with the average American household

having 11 connected devices, contributes to the significant generation of e-
waste.

The yearly release of new models by tech companies, leading to the

obsolescence of older devices, further adds to e-waste.

3. Environmental Impact:

E-waste contains hazardous chemicals like mercury, cadmium, beryllium, and

lead, which can contaminate soil, water, and air when improperly disposed of
in landfills.
Improper disposal harms natural habitats, damages ecosystems, and poses
risks to human and marine life.

4. Health Consequences:

Exposure to e-waste can result in negative health outcomes, including

stillbirth or premature birth, increased rates of ADHD in children, changes in
lung function, DNA damage, respiratory issues, impaired thyroid function,
and an elevated risk of chronic diseases.

5. Contribution to Air Pollution:

E-waste disposal sites contribute to air pollution, with harmful effects on

human lung cells documented in studies.

6. Carbon Emissions and Global Warming:

E-waste recycling, when appropriately done, can prevent significant carbon

dioxide emissions. The Global E-waste Statistics Partnership (GESP)
estimates that 17.4% of collected e-waste can prevent up to 15 million tons
of CO2 emissions.

7. Recycling Initiatives:

State and federal actions, including legislation and recycling programs, aim
to address the negative impacts of e-waste.

Some manufacturers offer electronic return initiatives, and sustainable

business practices are adopted to reduce e-waste entering landfills.

8. Right to Repair Movement:

The Right to Repair movement advocates for laws enabling consumers to

repair their devices easily, reducing the need for disposal and contributing to
a decrease in e-waste.

9. Call for Collective Action:

Governments, consumers, and manufacturers are urged to collaborate on
finding viable solutions to the growing global issue of e-waste.

Emphasis is placed on the importance of recycling electronics and the need

for continued efforts to mitigate the environmental and health impacts of e-
waste.

WHAT SUGGESTIONS CAN YOU OFFER?

In an era marked by rapid technological advancements, the

proliferation of electronic devices has led to an alarming surge in electronic
waste, commonly known as e-waste. This issue poses a significant threat to
both the environment and human health. To address the challenges
associated with e-waste and e-pollutants, it is imperative to adopt
sustainable practices that prioritize responsible consumption, recycling, and
proper disposal. Minimizing e-waste and e-pollutants requires a collective
effort from individuals, businesses, and governments. By promoting
responsible consumption, implementing effective recycling programs,
advocating for extended producer responsibility, and raising public
awareness, we can mitigate the environmental and health risks associated
with electronic waste. Embracing sustainable practices is not only an ethical
imperative but also a crucial step toward ensuring a healthier and more
sustainable future for our planet.