1) More

About
Plants

INTENDED LEARNING STEPPING STONES

OUTCOMES
Describe different Unscramble the words and write the function
ways in which plants of each part of a plant.
reproduce
" Analyse the structure of EALF |LEAF þrotasynthead , taniatiamy
bstectien
a seed
Demonstrate the
conditions required for
TESM STEm- sutfast,tanupotattonStores
seed germination doa
Explain the different LFWERO FLoWER- eboduce
methods of seed
dispersal TROO RooT- sbse utiert and vte
Distinguish between
different kinds of crops Do you think aplant part can have more than
" List different stages in one function? Yes
agriculture

Dates- gt Aqil Qs Day

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
edresday Ca
We haveseen many plants of the same type around us. What makes plants
nerease in number? It is the process of reproduction. Reproduction is the
process by which living organisms produce more of their kind.

Unit I> PlantLife

 Qoednesday Cru
AcTIVITY 1
Take some kidney bean seeds and observe them. Try to split a seed with your
hands.You cannot, because it is hard. Now,put the seeds ina moist piece of
cotton wool and place them in a shallow dish for a day. Next day, take out some
seeds and observe them carefully. You will see that the seed has become soft as
it has absorbed water. It has a small hole through which water is absorbed. Right
below the hole is a scar.This is where the seed was attached to the fruit.
Now, remove the Baby shoot
thin outer covering Seed coat Baby root
of the seed. This is
the seed coat that
protects the baby Cotyledons
plant. Kidney bean
seed has two seed (seed
leaves which are Joaves)
called cotyledons. A Seed structure
A Kidney bean seed
They store food.
Between the cotyledonsis the baby plant, known as the embryo. Ithas two parts,
the baby root and the baby shoot. The baby root grows downward into the soil
toform the roots of the plant. The baby shoot grows upwards and gives rise to
stem, leaves and flowers.

Now study a corn seed in the same manner. Are the two seeds similar in
structure?N6
Seed coat
How many seed leaves does a corn seed have? ne
Date:-1f Al 02S Jay-iday
Germination of seeds Cotyledon
You know that a plant produces many seeds. But only
a few of them germinate. Germination is the process
which a baby plant or seedling grows from a seed
in the presence of water, air and warmth. Let us study
the conditions required for a seed to germinate.
A Corn seed

ENUNCIATION
Cotyledon: kot-l-eed-n Unit I > Plant Life
Embryo: em-bree-oh
 Date:-1t il J025 Doy-iday

AcTIVITY 2
Take about 18 seeds of kidney beans and three glass jars. Put six seeds in each iar.
In the first jar put some moist cotton. Place the seeds above it. Cover the iar
with cotton. Place the glassjar in a refrigerator for two days.
Place the seeds on moist filter paper in the second jar and close the
with a lid.
mouth
Put moist filter paper in the third jar and place seeds on it.
with cotton. Cover the mouth
Observe after twodays. Based on your observation, tick the
table given below. conditions in the
Conditions Jar 1 Jar 2 Jar 3
Water
Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No
Oxygen Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No
Temperature Low/Normal Low/Normal Low/Normal
Germination Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No
From the above observation we can conclude that
water, oxygen and suitable
temperature are the conditions necessary for germination.

The baby root grows down into the

soil and forms the root. The baby Baby Leaves
Baby shoot
shoot grows up out of the soil to form root
the stem. Thus, we see that seeds Seed
need adequate air, water and proper
temperature to germinate. If any
one of the conditions is missing, the
seeds will not germinate.
A Stages of seed germination
Some seeds are not healthy and
cannot grow. Some seeds do not get favourable conditions to
grow into adult
plants. Many seeds get destroyed by rain, heat or are eaten by animals
as mice and birds. such
 RUN THROUGH

Reproduction is the process by which liVing organisms produce more

of their kind.
Most plants can reproduce by seeds.
Seed dispersal is theprocess through which seeds can be scattered
away from the parent plant.
Water, wind and animals are the different agents of dispersal.
The process by which a seed produces a baby plant or seedling is
called germination.

Sote 8-1gth A 2025

TRACK YoUR PROGRESS Sayg- ueadou
1. Answer the following questions.
a. What are the necessary conditions required for germination?
b. Name a seed that is dispersed by: Sunligh
i. Water -Coconst, ii. Wind- maple, ii. þaope temerat
dande Animals omthivm
ate-tsth A l 2025
Reproduction Through Body Parts Soy- asednesday
Many plants reproduce from stems, leaves or roots.
Reproduction from stem: New plants can also grow from buds present
On stems. In some cases cuttings of stems are taken from parent plants
that have buds on them, New plants grow from these buds. Plants such as
rose, bougainvillea, hibiscus and sugarcane are grown this way.

The stem is cut The cut portion of the stem is planted

 RUN THROUGH

Reproduction in plants

From seeds From stem From leaves From roots From spores

Example: Example: Example: Example: Example:

pea, corn, rose, hibiscus, bryophyllum, sweet potato, mushroom,
soyabean fungi
Sugarcane begonia carrot

Sotes- S6th Abil 2025

Day g wedneAday
TRACK YoUR PROGRÉSS
2. State True' or False'.
a. Bryophyllum reproduces from stem. Sale
b. Ferns reproduce from leaves. talae
C. Sweet potato is a stemn that stores food. Aolae
Jte;-t tpl2025
CROPS Syi- Jhudy
Crops are plants that we cultivate in large
quantities. They provide us food and raw
materials to produce many other things such
as cloth, medicine and timber. The practice of
growing large quantities of plants for food and
other purposes is called agriculture. Rice is the
most cultivated crop in our country.
A Cultivation of rice
KINDS OF CROPS
Crops are of different kinds:

food crops such as maize, rice, pulses, sugarcane and wheat

Unit I> Plant Life

 GLOSSARY
A -Z

Cotyledons: seed leaves that contain Irrigation: supplying crops with water
food for the baby plant
Kharif crops: crops grown in the
Crops: plants that are grown in large monsOon season
quantities to provide food and other
useful substances
Rabicrops: crops grown in the winter
season
Embryo: the baby plant Seed coat: thick covering of aseed that
Germination: the process by which a protects the baby plant
seed develops into a baby plant in the Seed dispersal: the process by which
presence of water, air and sunlight seeds arescattered away from the
Harvesting: to cut and gather the crop parent plant

Sate- 1gth Apl 2025

ay-Sattdauy ASSESSMENT ZONE
Couo
A. Unscramble the words.
1. EPSITCDIES PESTI TDES
2. UAGIREUTLRC AGRICuLTURE
3. HAVESRTNGI HARVES TING
RHARIF
4. RAKHIF
5. GAIRRIOINT tARIGATTON

Unit I>Plant Life

 9dte:-ygh Aál 625
B. State "TRUE' or "FALSE. Snyi- Sduyrdoy Cougo
1. Wheat crop needs a lot of water for growth.
2. Animals are not theagents of seed dispersal.
3. Crops can be destroyed by grazing animals.
4. Bio-pesticides are biodegradable in nature.
5. Kidney bean seed has two cotyledons.
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. Most plants grow fromSReds.
2. Seeds Lousisdispersed by water.
3. Harvesting is the process in which crops are c t
4. J e n can reproduce by spores.
and ganad
5. demsing the fields can prevent grazing animals from entering them.
D. Match the following:
1. Kharif crop a. Provide water to crop5
2. Rabi crop b. Jute
3. Weeds C. Rice
4. Fibre crop d. Radish
5. Irrigation e. Unwanted plant3
E. Answer the following questions in brief.
1. During which season farmers grow rice in India?
2. What can a farmer do to protect his grains after harvesting?
X Put thefollowing in the correct sequence.
Sowing of seeds, ploughing, weeding, harvesting, adding manure, spraying
pesticides
than other pesticides?
4. Why are bio-pesticides a better choice
5. Define the following:
a. Reproduction
Germination
K Seed dispersal
pesticides in the fields?
6. Why do farmers spray insecticides and
X Name the three main kindsof crops. Give two examples of each.
F. Answer the following questions in detail.
do seeds of differenttypes need different agents of dispersal? Explain
* Why
with examples.
2. Distinguish between rabi and kharif crops with examples.