CS607-ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE
(SOLVED MCQs)
FROM MIDTERM PAPERS
LECTURE (1-22)
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1. General games involves .

a. single-agent
b. multi-agent
c. only single-agent and multi-agent Page No. 62 (HANDOUTS)
d. neither single-agent nor multi-agent
2. Adversarial search problems uses .
a. competitive environment Page No. 62 (HANDOUTS)
b. cooperative environment
c. neither competitive nor cooperative environment
d. an only competitive and cooperative environment
2. Genetic algorithm start with the population of randomly generated,
attempted solutions to a problem and repeatedly do the following except _.
a. evaluate each attempted solutions
b. keep the best solutions
c. produce next generation using inheritance and mutation.
d. perform non parallel search Page No. 77
3. What is Artificial Intelligence?
a. Putting your intelligence into Computer
b. Programming with your intelligence
c. Making a Machine intelligent My Point of View
d. Playing a Game
4. To create intelligent machines we first need to understand how the real
.
a. introspection of mind
b. psychological experiment
c. brain functions Page No. 14
d. human body works
5. The Breadth-First Search traversal of a graph will result into?
a. Linked List
b. Tree Page No. 28 (HANDOUTS)
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c. Graph with back edges
d. Arrays
6. In Breadth-First Search, how many times a node is visited?
a. Once
b. Twice
c. Equivalent to number of in-degree of the node GOOGLE
d. Thrice
7. R1/XCON expert system was developed by?
a. Digital Computer Corporation
b. Digital Equipment Corporation Page No. 112 (HANDOUTS)
c. Computer accessories company
d. DELL
8. In Depth-First Search, how many times a node is visited?
a. Once
b. Twice
c. Equivalent to number of in degree of the node GOOGLE
d. Thrice
9. Every graph can be converted into a .
a. Tree Page No. 22 (HANDOUTS)
b. statement
c. problem
d. repeated cycle
10.Performance of an expert system is as compared to a human expert.
a. High Page No. 113 (HANDOUTS)
b. Low
c. Medium
d. Average
11. A function by which we can tell which board position is nearer to our
goal is called.
a. Alternative function
b. Recursive function
c. Best function
d. Fitness function Page No. 83 (HANDOUTS)
12.A knowledge structure that relates some known information to

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other information that can be concluded or inferred to be true is
represented as
.
a. object
b. attribute
c. value
d. rule Page No. 95 (HANDOUTS)
13.Hit and trial is a classical approach to solve the problems easily.

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a. Trivial Page No. 15 (HANDOUTS)
b. medium
c. complex
d. structured
14.Graphs and Networks allow between objects/entities to be
incorporated.
a. Relationships Page No. 92 (HANDOUTS)
b. pictures
c. representation
d. communication
15. In Genetic algorithm has the same notion of having something or
some attribute from a parent while refers to a small random change.
a. inheritance, mutation Page No. 77 (HANDOUTS)
b. DFS, BFS
c. A*, Dynamic programing
d. subtraction, multiplication
16.Back-propagation learning algorithm was invented by _.
a. Bryson and Ho Page No. 12 (HANDOUTS)
b. John McCarthy
c. Marvin Minsky
d. Alan Turing
17. The simple idea behind is that if we can reach a specific node
through more than one different paths then we shall take the path with the
minimum cost.
a. Dynamic programming Page No. 55 (HANDOUTS)
b. Estimates
c. Progressive deepening
d. Beam search
18.Which of the following is NOT one of the steps of simple search algorithm?
a. Initialize priority queue.
b. Check if the priority queue is empty.
c. If node picked from priority queue is goal node then return.
d. Copy visited queue to priority queue. Page No. 24
19. is the type of knowledge that can be described as the knowledge
about knowledge.

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a. Declarative knowledge
b. Uncertain knowledge
c. Meta knowledge Page No. 90 (HANDOUTS)
d. Fuzzy knowledge
20.The rules that define how conflict resolution will be used, and how other
aspects of the system itself will run, are called _.
a. Meta rules
b. Conflict resolution rules Page No. 125 (HANDOUTS)
c. Forward chain rules
d. backward chain rules
21. Identify the TRUE statement regarding “Heuristics”:
a. Heuristics always give us good guess to reach to goal state.
b. Heuristics don't always give us good guess to reach to goal state.
Page No. 37 (HANDOUTS)
c. Heuristics never give us good guess to reach to goal state.
d. Both “heuristic” and “algorithm” are same thing.
22.The ability to understand things without explicitly programmed a computer is
called?
a. Artificial Intelligence google/www.sciencedirect.com
b. Deep learning
c. Machine learning
d. Fuzzy logic
23.“In context of Hill climbing algorithm, a person may reach the portion of a
mountain which is totally flat, whatever step he takes gives him no
improvement in height hence he gets stuck.” The above statement refers to:
a. Foothill problem
b. Plateau problem Page No. 40 (HANDOUTS)
c. Ridge problem
d. Slope problem
24. To implement simple search algorithm as breadth first search, we use the
formula given below and give priority to element with P(n) value
where: P(n) =height(n)
a. Minimum Page No. 28 (HANDOUTS)
b. Maximum
c. Average

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d. Absolute
25. The conference that launched the AI revolution in 1956 was held at?
a. Harvard
b. Dartmouth Page No. 10 (HANDOUTS)
c. New York
d. Stanford
26. Cost of a human expert is as compared to an expert system
a. High Page No. 113 (HANDOUTS)
b. Low
c. Medium
d. Average
27. An expert system models the following aspect(s) of human expert
a. Operators
b. Implications
c. Knowledge and reasoning Page No. 111 (HANDOUTS)
d. Operations
28.The machine has _, it would have used its Knowledge to counter for
this new situation in its environment.
a. strong intelligence Page No. 9 (HANDOUTS)
b. weak intelligence
c. efficient algorithms
d. inference system
29. AI actually tries to recreate the functions of the inside of the
brain as opposed to simply emulating behavior
a. Weak
b. Strong Page No. 8 (HANDOUTS)
c. Weak and Strong
d. Intermediate
30..“In context of Hill climbing algorithm, you might just reach local maxima and
think that you have reached the global maxima, so getting stuck in the middle of
searching the solution space.” The above statement refers to:
a. Foothill problem Page No. 39 (HANDOUTS)
b. Plateau problem
c. Ridge problem AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
d. Slope problem

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31. Solving the problem through genetic algorithm on the number of
iterations is usually used to end the process in finite time.
a. upper limit Page No. 86 (HANDOUTS)

b. lower limit
c. middle limit
d. no limit
32.Implication can also be represented as(A → B) = ?
a. ~A ν B Page No. 118 (HANDOUTS)
b. ~A ∧B
c. A ν ~B
d. A ∧~B
33.The ability to learn and recognize things automatically called?
a. Fuzzy logic
b. Intelligence Page No. 6 (HANDOUTS)
c. Problem solving
d. Defining the problem
34. can be viewed as the processor in an expert system.
a. Inference engine Page No. 117 (HANDOUTS)
b. Working memory
c. Knowledge base
d. System memory

36.IF A THEN B
This can be considered to have a similar logical meaning as the following:
a. A -> B Page No. 99 (HANDOUTS)
b. A<-> B
c. A <- B
d. B<-> A AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
37.If an arrow points from node “A” to Node “B" then, node “B" will be called:
a. Child of node “A” Page No. 21 (HANDOUTS)
b. Parent of node “A”
c. Branching node “A”
d. Fan-out of node “A”
38.CLIPS stands for:

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a. C Language Integrated Production System Page No. 133
(HANDOUTS)
b. C# Language Integrated Production System
c. COBOL Language Integrated Production System
d. C Linguist Integrated Production System

39. Some essential components of problem solving are Problem Statement,

, Solution Space and Operators.
a. Complex State
b. Initial State
c. Intermediate
d. Goal State Page No. 17 (HANDOUTS)
40.The simplest way to perform is to combine the head of one
individual to the tail of the other.
a. mutation
b. crossover Page No. 82 (HANDOUTS)
c. DFS
d. BFS
41. Which of the following is true?
a. A graph may contain no edges and many vertices
b. A graph may contain many edges and no vertices
c. A graph may contain no edges and no vertices
d. A graph may contain no vertices and many edges
42.How many types of rules are there in formal knowledge representation?
a. 4 AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7 Page No. 96, 97 (HANDOUTS)
43.Variation in the offspring's(children) of the individuals are due to______.
a. Mutation
b. Inheritance
c. Both mutation and inheritance Page No. 77 (HANDOUTS)
d. crossover
44.The symbol for the existential quantifier is represented as _. It is also read
as “there exists”.

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a. Ɐ
b. Ǝ page 100 HO

c. ⊕
45.Which of the following, is not a component of an expert system?
a. Inference engine
b. Knowledge-base
c. User interface

d. Template page 116 HO

46.In CLIPS, the Defrule construct is used to add _.
a. Rules page 135 HO
b. facts
c. principles
d. agenda
47.In search, rather than trying all possible search paths, we focus on
paths that seem to be getting closer to goal state using some kind of “guide”.
a. Heuristic page 37 HO
b. Uninformed
c. Depth
d. Progressive deepening
48. Which of the following is not considered being trait(s) of an expert?
a. They possess specialized knowledge in certain area
b. They possess experience the given area
c. They can provide, upon elicitation, an explanation of their decisions
d. They possess long term memory page 111 HO
49.Which of the following is NOT one of the expert systems?
a. Dendral
b. Mycin
c. R1/XCON AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
d. XOR page 112 HO
50.The formulae (Ǝx) (Person (x) ∧ father (x, Ahmed) ) can be translated in simple
words and read as.
a. there exists some person, x who is Ahmed’s father. Page 100 HO
b. for all person, x who is Ahmed's father.
c. there exists some person, x who is Ahmed’s daughter.
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d. for all person, x who is Ahmed's daughter.
51. are able to override the normal rules in expert systems.
a. Meta rules page 96 HO,
b. Conflict resolution rules
c. Forward chain
d. Backward chain rules
52. are data structures for representing stereotypical knowledge of some
concept or object.
a. Frames page 98 HO
b. Resolutions
c. Conjunctions
d. Disjunctions
53.Which of the following command is used to see the added facts in CLIPS?
a. (fact)
b. Fact
c. (facts) Page No. 135 (HANDOUTS)
d. deftemplate
54.Ability to tackle ambiguous and fuzzy problems demonstrate
a. Intelligence page 6 HO
b. Non intelligence behavior
c. Deep learning
d. Machine leaning
55. Which approach is used by the Best First Search algorithm while searching?
a. Divide and Conquer
b. Heuristic
c. Greedy Page No. 47 (HANDOUTS)
d. Combinatorial
56.We use graphs to represent problems and their _.
a. solution spaces page 22 HO
b. knowledge base
c. parameters AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
d. nodes and vertices
57. Which of the following is not a branch and bound strategy to generate
branches?
a. LIFO branch and bound

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b. Lowest cost branch and bound
c. FIFO branch and bound
d. Highest cost branch and bound GOOGLE
58.“I have never seen horses eating meat, so I can conclude that horses never eat
meat”. The given statement refers to:
a. Inductive reasoning Page No. 102 (HANDOUTS)
b. Abductive reasoning
c. Common-sense reasoning

d. Non-monotonic reasoning
59.Expert system can be expressed as:
a. It provides tools for the management, delivery, tracking, and assessment
of various types of employee learning and training
b. The set of business processes, culture, and behavior required to obtain
value from investments in information systems
c. Used for finding the optimal solution for a specific problem by
examining a very large number or possible solutions for that problem
d. Intelligent technique for capturing tacit knowledge in a very specific
and limited domain of human expertise, this knowledge is converted
to rules that can be used throughout the entire organization
(page 112 lecture 18 of HO )
60.The state that represents the solution of the problem is called _.
a. Solution space
b. Goal space page 17 HO
c. Problem statement
d. Knowledge base
61.What will be the output when we will remove arrow?
A -> B AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
a. ~A ˅ ~B
b. ~A v B page 108 HO
c. A ˅ ~B
d. ~A AND B
62.If Ali is 2 years younger than Umar and Umar is 23 years old. How old is Ali?
a. Ali is 22 years old.
b. Ali is 21 years old. Page 10 HO

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c. Ali is 23 years old.
d. All is 20 years old.
63. Speed of an expert system is as compared to a human expert.
a. High page 113 HO
b. Low
c. Medium
d. Average
64.“The process of working with knowledge, facts and problem solving strategies
to draw conclusions”. The above statement refers to:
a. Reasoning page 102 HO
b. Object-attribute-value triplet

c. Refutation
d. Conversion
65. is the part of the system that controls the process of
deriving conclusions.
a. A knowledge base page 117 HO
b. A database of facts
c. An interpreter, or inference engine
d. An object
66. The travelling inside a solution space requires something called as .
a. Operands
b. Inner solution
c. Space solution
d. Operators page 18 HO
67.In the sequence 2 6 8 3 4 5 3 1, where will the value of Q5 placed in eight
queen problem?
a. 2nd row and 1st column
b. 7th row and 6th column
c. 4th row and 5th column Page No. 83 (HANDOUTS)
rd
d. 3 row and 2th column
68.The genetic algorithm technology comes from the concept of
evolution.
a. Animals AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
b. Robots

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c. Human page 77 HO
d. artificial intelligence
69. Identify the TRUE statement about alpha-beta pruning:
a. It reduces both the tree branches that must be generated and the
number of evaluations page 64 HO
b. It decides about branching factor in a tree
c. It is core of progressive deepening search
d. Beta is the maximum upper bound of possible solutions
70. has the same notion of having something or some attribute from a
parent.
a. Mutation
b. Crossover
c. Inheritance Page 77 HO
d. Gene

71. Which statement is wrong about heuristic search?

a. to discover something or an idea embedded in a program
b. to search and measure how far a node in a search tree seems to be from a
goal
c. to compare two nodes in a search tree to see if one is better than another
d. give no optimal solution page 37 HO (used for guess not right but
correct solution )
72.“In context of Hill climbing algorithm, situation may arise when a step in one
direction takes you lower, on the other hand when you step in some other
direction it gives you no improvement.” The above statement refers to:
a. Foothill problem AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
b. Plateau problem
c. Ridge problem page 40 HO
d. Slope problem
73.A Personal Consultant knowledge base contain information in the form of
_.
a. Parameters
b. Rules page 95 HO
c. Facts
d. errors

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74. Variable rule is matched with known facts and different possibilities for the
variables are tested, to determine the truth of the fact, such rules are also called
as .
a. Uncertain rules AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
b. directive rules
c. fuzzy rules
d. Pattern-matching rules page 96 HO
75.We use graphs to represent problems and their solution spaces.
a. False
b. True Page No. 22 (HANDOUTS)
76.A natural language generation program must decide .
a. What to say
b. When to say something
c. Why it is being used
d. Both what to say & when to say something GOOGLE
77.Which of the following command is correct for adding numbers in CLIPS?
a. CLIPS>(3+4)

b. CLIPS> (+ 3 4) Page No. 133 (HANDOUTS)

c. CLIPS>(34_)
d. CLIPS> (+ 34+)
78.“Focused area of expertise” in human experts in referred to as in
expert systems.
a. Domain Page No. 116 (HANDOUTS)
b. Knowledge
c. Reasoning
d. Inference engine
79. If Alpha implies beta is true and beta in known to be not true. Then alpha could
not have been true. This rule refers as:
a. Modus ponens
b. Modus tolens Page No. 105 (HANDOUTS)
c. And-Introduction
d. And-Elimination
80.The process continues recursively until a premise is found that is not supported
by a rule. i.e. a premise is called a if it cannot be concluded by any

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rule.
a. Elementary
b. Primitive Page No. 126 (HANDOUTS)
c. Antique
d. All of the above
81.LISP was created by?
a. Alan Turning
b. Marvin Minsky
c. John McCarthy Page No. 10 (HANDOUTS)
d. Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
82.A computer vision technique that relies on image templates is .
a. Edge detection
b. Model-based vision
c. Robot vision
d. None of the mentioned
83.The Depth First Search traversal of a graph will result in?
a. Linked List
b. Tree Page No. 25 (HANDOUTS)
c. Graph with back edges
d. Array

84. The searching technique in which we purely use a hit and trial approach and
will check all combinations till one takes it to the exact solution is referred to as
.
a. Blind/uninformed Page No. 23 (HANDOUTS)
b. Informed/heuristic
c. Path/non-optimal
d. Optimal path
85. A statement in conjunctive normal form (CNF) consists of .
a. ANDs of Ors Page No. 107 (HANDOUTS)
b. ANDs
c. Ors
d. Ors of ANDs
86.Using deduction to reach a conclusion from a set of antecedents is called.
a. Forward chaining Page No. 123 (HANDOUTS)

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b. Backward chaining
c. Backward propagation
d. Forward propagation
87. is branch and bound technique with the improvement of
underestimates and dynamic programming.
a. A* Procedure Page No. 56 (HANDOUTS)
b. Progressive deepening
c. Beam search
d. Linear search
88.Progressive deepening emulates BFS using DFS.
a. True Page No. 32 (HANDOUTS)
b. False
89. In CLIPS, the WATCH command is used for debugging programs.
a. True Page No. 135 (HANDOUTS)
b. False
90. In GA, the random process is repeated until an individual with required
level is found.
a. Higher
b. Lower
c. Fitness Page No. 86 (HANDOUTS)
d. Logical
91. Which of the following is not the component of problem-solving?
a. Operators

b. Solution space
c. Problem statement
d. Operations Page No. 17 (HANDOUTS)
92.In searches we are concerned with finding any one solution to our
problem.
a. Non optimal Page No. 24 (HANDOUTS)
b. Optimal path
c. Contrary path
d. Shortest path
93. How many types of graphs are there to use in problem-solving?
a. 1

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b. 2 Page No. 22 HO
c. 3
d. 4
94. Which of the following tells us about problem-solving, correct efficient
memory, and information manipulation?
a. Deep learning
b. Intelligence Page No. 6 HO
c. Machine learning
d. Deep learning
95.To which depth does the alpha-beta pruning can be applied?
a. 10 states
b. 8 states
c. 6 states
d. Any depth page 64 to 76 of HO
96.In we may have multiple agents searching for solutions in the same
solution space.
a. Adversarial Search page 62 HO
b. Depth first search
c. Breadth first search
d. Progressive deepening
97. “The branch of computer science that is concerned with the automation of
intelligent behavior” this definition of AI is from.
a. Charniak and McDermott
b. Winston
c. Luger and Subblefiled Page No. 8 (HANDOUTS)
c. Bellman

98. Which of the following disciplines provides us with the theories of structure
and meaning of language.
a. Linguistic Page No. 9 (HANDOUTS)
b. Philosophy
c. Biology
d. Psychology
99. Technically hit and trial approach is called as the “Generate and ”
approach.

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a. Consume
b. Test Page No. 15 (HANDOUTS)
c. Regenerate
d. Modify
100. Most of the solution spaces for problems can be represented in a
_.
a. Graph Page No. 21 (HANDOUTS)
b. Table
c. Demo
d. Tree
101. The plateau comes up when there is a mostly flat area the peaks.
a. Separating Page No. 40 (HANDOUTS)
b. Joining
c. Over AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
d. None of the given
102. Best-first search always moves from the node that seems
closest to the goal node.
a. Backward
b. Left
c. Right
d. Forward Page No. 44 (HANDOUTS)
103. In Adversarial search there may occur such a scenario where two opponents
also called are searching for a goal.
a. Adversaries Page No. 62 (HANDOUTS)
b. Enemies
c. Players
d. Intruders
104. Frames were developed from semantic networks and later evolved into our
modern-day Classes and Objects.

a. True Page No. 98 (HANDOUTS)

b. False
105. Deductive Reasoning is based on deducing old information from logically
related unknown information.
a. True

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b. False Page No. 102 (HANDOUTS)
106. Another expert system named was developed by Digital
Equipment Corporation, as a computer configuration assistant.
a. R1/XCON Page No. 112 (HANDOUTS)
b. MYCIN
c. Dendral
d. R3/XCON
107. In backward chaining terminology, the hypothesis to proved is called
.
a. Proof
b. Goal No. 126 (HANDOUTS)
c. Plan
d. None of the given
108. chaining is more focused and tries to avoid exploring
unnecessary path of reasoning.
a. Forward
b. Backward Page No. 128 (HANDOUTS)
c. Both forward and backward
d. None of the given
109. Assisting an expert is the most commonly found role of an Expert System.
a. False
b. True Page No. 114 (HANDOUTS)
110. Procedures that search the solution space in an uninformed manner are
usually costly with respect to _. AL-JUNAID INSTITUE
OF GROUP
a. Time
b. Space
c. Time and space both Page No. 37 (HANDOUTS)
d. None of the given
111. Inductive learning is based on the knowledge that if something happens a lot
it is likely to be generally
a. True Page No. 160 (HANDOUTS)
b. False

c. Ambiguous

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d. None of the given
112. Usually a graph is chosen to represent a fuzzy set.
a. Triangular Page No. 151 (HANDOUTS)
b. Circular
c. Conical
d. None of the given
113. Reasoning in fuzzy logic is just a matter of generalizing the familiar
logic.
a. Boolean (Page 147 HO)
b. Complex
c. Coagnitive
d. Supervised
114. It was Aristotle who came up with the ‘Law of the Excluded Middle’.
a. True (Page 145 HO)
b. False
115. We can get optimal solution given some parameters using Genetic
Algorithm.
a. True (Page79 HO)
b. False
116. Reasoning is based on forming, or inducing a
‘generalization’ from a limited set of observations.
a. Deductive
b. Abductive
c. Analogical
d. Inductive (Page 102 HO)
117. is the process of deriving logical conclusions from given facts.
a. Representation AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
b. Execution
c. Reasoning Page No. 102 (HANDOUTS)
d. Planning
118. Identify the correct step used to start design of an expert system.
a. Feasibility study Page No. 129 (HANDOUTS)
b. Problem reorganization
c. Scope study
d. Rapid prototyping

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119. If the antecedent is only partially true, then the output fuzzy set is truncated
according to the method
a. Intrinsic
b. Implication Page No. 153 (HANDOUTS)
c. Boolean
d. None of the given
120. Choose the fields in which Fuzzy inference systems have been successfully
applied:
a. automatic control
b. data classification
c. decision analysis
d.All of the given (Page 153 HO)
121. Fuzzy logic is actually a superset of conventional Boolean logic
a. TRUE Page No. 150 (HANDOUTS)
b. FALSE
122. A classical set is a container, which wholly includes or wholly excludes any
given element.
a. TRUE Page No. 145 (HANDOUTS)
b. FALSE
123. The degree of truth that we have been talking about is specifically driven out
by a function called the function.
a. Membership Page No. 149 (HANDOUTS)
b. Ordinary
c. Fuzzy
d. Inline
124. The tractable problems are further divided into structured and
problems
a. Non-structured
b. Complex Page No. 166 (HANDOUTS)
c. Simple
125. Clips command for adding two numbers 3 and 4 is.
a. CLIPS (+ 3 4) Page No. 133 (HANDOUTS)
b. CLIPS (3 4 +)

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126. Reasoning in forward chaining is known as:
a. Data-driven reasoning Page No. 123 (HANDOUTS)
b. Rule-driven reasoning
c. Intelligence-driven reasoning

d. Goal-driven reasoning
127. Reasoning in backward chaining is known as:
a. Data-driven reasoning
b. Rule-driven reasoning
c. Intelligence-driven reasoning
d. Goal-driven reasoning Page No. 127 (HANDOUTS)
128. Identify the step involved in planning phase.
a. Knowledge acquisition from expert
b. Coding
c. Resource allocation Page No. 129 (HANDOUTS)
d. Identify concrete knowledge element
129. Identify the correct definition of linear model given below.
a. A linear sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative
fashion to develop the software models.
Page No. 129 (HANDOUTS)
b. Non sequential sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative
fashion to develop the expert systems.
c. A non linear sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative
fashion to develop the expert systems.
130. A tule, which takes a set of inputs and gives advice, as a result, is called
a. Recommendation Rule
b. Directive Rule Page No. 96 (HANDOUTS)
c. Relation Rule
d. None of the given options
131. IF temperature is below 0 THEN weather is cold The above rule is used to
represent
a. Recommendations
b. Directives
c. Relations Page No. 96 (HANDOUTS)
d. None of the given options

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132. Within an expert system, the contains facts about a specific
subject area and rules that express the reasoning procedures of an expert on the
subject. AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
a. Inference engine
b. Knowledge engineer
c. Knowledge base page 117 HO
d. Inference logic
133. Expert system technique where a hypothesis is given at the beginning and
the inference engine proceeds to ask the user questions about selected facts until
the hypothesis is either confirmed or denied
a. Network Knowledge
b. Data mining
c. Backward chaining GOOGLE/ page 126 HO
d. Forward chaining
134. In some cases, the rules provide more definite actions such as “move left” or
“close door”, in which case the rules are being used to represent _.
a. Recommendations
b. Directives GOOGLE / Page 96 HO
c. Relations
d. None of the given options
135. While solving a problem, how many states we already know?
a. 2 page 23 HO
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
136. Semantic networks are graphs, with nodes representing and
arcs representing between objects.
a. objects, relationships Page No. 97 (HANDOUTS)
b. relationships, distance
c. objects, distance
d. distance, relationships
137. The problem is to place 8 queens on a chess board by using genetic
algorithm, so that none of them can attack the other. A chess board can be
considered as plain board with columns and rows.
a. Eight, six

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b. Eight, seven Page No. 82 (HANDOUTS)
c. Eight, eight
d. Eight, nine
138. What is the correct order for solving a problem using GA
I. Choose the best individuals from the population for crossover
II. Choose initial population
III. Evaluate the fitness of each individual
a. I, II, III
b. I, III, II
c. II, I, III
d. II, III, I page 78 (HANDOUTS)
139. Mutation can be as simple as just flipping a bit at random or any number of
bits
a. True Page No. 79 (HANDOUTS)
b. False
140. In Depth First Search the node with the largest value of height will be at the
priority to be picked.
a. Minimum
b. Maximum Page No. 28 (HANDOUTS)
c. Zero
d. Both Minimum and maximum
141. A proposition is the statement of a .
a. Fact Page No. 94 (HANDOUTS)
b. Equation
c. Action
d. Theorem
142. According to Haugeland intelligence systems are _.
a. think like humans Page No. 7 (HANDOUTS)
b. act like humans
c. behave like an abnormal man
d. behave like humans
143. “Swimming in river is just like swimming in a pool”. The given statement is
an example of:
a. Analogical reasoning page 103 (HANDOUTS)
b. Logical reasoning

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c. Non-monotonic reasoning
d. Inductive reasoning
144. In CLIPS, the command is used for debugging programs.
a. FACT
b. WATCH Page No. 135 (HANDOUTS)
c. CLEAR
d. DEBUG AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
145. Crisp set is not a synonym for
a. Fuzzy set page 145 to 147 HO
b. Classical set
146. In general, the antecedent of a rule compares an object with a possible value,
using an operator.
a. True (Fuzzy operator) See Chapter 6 of HO
b. False
147. Which of the following is a valid example which represents a suitable
antecedent in a rule?
a. IF x>3
b. IF name is “Bob”
c. IF weather is cold
d. All of the given options page 95 of HO
148. From discipline of we have the tools and techniques to
investigate the human mind and ways to represent the resulting theories
a. Computer Science
b. Biology
c. Mathematics
d. Psychology Page No. 9 (HANDOUTS)
149. Intelligence is the characteristic of
a. Living being Page No. 4 (HANDOUTS)
b. All things
c. None of them
d. All of them
150. AI treats the brain as a black box and just emulates its
functionality.
a. Weak Page No. 8 (HANDOUTS)
b. Strong

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c. Weak and Strong
d. Intermediate
151. A ˅ (B ˄ C) =
Note:
"˅" represents OR operator
"˄" represents AND operator
a. (A ˅ B) ˄ (A ˅ C) Page No. 108 (HANDOUTS)
b. (A ˄ B) ˄ (A ˄ C)
c. (A ˅ B) ˅ (A ˅ C)
d. (A ˅ C) ˅ (A ˅ B)
152. For [5, 7] and the data points (1, 10) and (2, 13), then what will be the value
of badness?
a. 12
b. 20 Page No. 79 (HANDOUTS)
c. 22
d. 24
153. Which of the following is not a search strategy?
a. Blind/uninformed search
b. Informed/heuristic search
c. Any path search
d. Leaf path search Page No. 23 (HANDOUTS)
154. Graphs are used to represent and _.
a. problems, solution Page No. 22 (HANDOUTS)
b. terminals, branches
c. nodes, vertices AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
d. branches, nodes
155. According to Kurzweil intelligence systems are _.
a. think like humans
b. act like humans Page No. 7 (HANDOUTS)
c. behave like an abnormal man
d. behave like humans
156. Where do the values of the alpha-beta search get updated?
a. At the end
b. Along the path of search page 64 to 71 of HO
c. Initial state itself

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d. At the beginning
157. Solving 32-bit computer words using genetic algorithm we want a string in
which all the bits are ones. We count the 1 bits in each word and exit if any of
the words having all 32 bits set to 1 by using .
a. Initial population
b. Evaluation function Page 78 HO
c. Mutation
d. Search space
158. Which particular generation of computers is associated with artificial
intelligence?
a. Second
b. Fourth
c. Fifth Page No. 12 (HANDOUTS)
d. Third
159. is used when the facts of the case are likely to change after
some time.
a. Inductive reasoning
b. Non-Monotonic reasoning Page No. 103 (HANDOUTS)
c. Analogical reasoning
d. Common-sense reasoning
160. is a genetic operator used to maintain genetic diversity from
one generation of a population of genetic algorithm chromosomes to the next.
a. Inheritance
b. Mutation GOOGLE/ Page 78 of HO
c. Gene
d. Crossover
161. can be as simple as just flipping a bit at random or any number
of bits
a. Mutation Page No. 79 (HANDOUTS)
b. Inheritance
c. Crossover
d. Gene
162. In progressive depending, the idea is to simply apply DFS to a specific.
a. Level Page No. 32 (HANDOUTS)
b. Node

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c. Branch
d. Branching factor
163. Line fitting problem using genetic algorithm, if the badness of any of the
solution is . It means that given points lies on the line.
a. Zero page 79 of HO
b. One
c. Two AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
d. Three
164. Resolution requires all sentences to be converted into a special form called:
a. Conjunctive normal form (CNF) Page No. 107 (HANDOUTS)
b. Third Normal form
c. De-normalized Normal form
d. 1st Normal form
165. In genetic algorithm, we produce the next generation from the
.
a. genes and inheritance
b. inheritance and mutation Page No. 77 (HANDOUTS)
c. mutation and genes
d. crossover
166. What are the components of a rule?
a. Else and Then
b. Premise and Conclusion Page No. 95 (HANDOUTS)
c. Then and Break
d. If and Else
167. A “circle” symbol in a tree structure is called.
a. Node chapter 2 of HO
b. Edge
c. Ancestor
d. Descendant
168. A search algorithm takes as an input and returns as
an output.
a. Input, output
b. Problem, solution GOOGLE/ Chapter 2 of HO
c. Solution, problem
d. Fuzzy set, uncertain facts

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169. One of the advantages of breadth first search is that it
a. Guarantees finding the shallowest path even in presence of infinite
paths Page No. 32 (HANDOUTS)
b. Has a small space requirement
c. Can work with broken edges
d. Memory Constraints
170. Which expert system was design for chemical analysis of Martian soil for
space mission?
a. MYCIN
b. Dendral Page No. 112 (HANDOUTS)
c. R1/XCON
d. PXDES AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
171. Branch and bound is a .
a. Data structure
b. Problem-solving technique Page No. 2 (HANDOUTS)
c. Sorting algorithm
d. Type of tree
172. Which of the following is not the application area of intelligence?
a. Robotics
b. Expert system
c. Computer vision
d. Human computer interaction page 13 of HO
173. There are many techniques to solve our problem of optimal search without
using a brute force technique; one such procedure is called _.
a. Branch-and-bound method Page No. 48 (HANDOUTS)
b. Depth first method
c. Breadth first method
d. Progressive deepening
174. Which of the following is NOT one of the drawbacks of depth first search?
a. Can run forever in search spaces with infinite length paths
b. Does not guarantee finding the shallowest goal
c. Requires the tree to be a complete tree
d. Cut-off depth is smaller so time complexity is more. (Chapter 2 of
HO)
175. logic lets us define more realistically the true functions that

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define real world
a. Fuzzy Page No. 148 (HANDOUTS)
b. Classical
c. Boolean
d. None of the given
176. What is the fitness value of the following sequence 4 6 8 2 7 1 3 5 in eight
queen problem?
a. 6
b. 7
c. 8 page 86 of HO
d. 9
177. Which one is not the application area of expert system?
a. Diagnosis
b. Prescription
c. Interpretation
d. None Page No. 114 (HANDOUTS)
178. An expert system is different from conventional programs in the sense that
program control and knowledge are .
a. Separate Page No. 121 (HANDOUTS)
b. Defined
c. Together
d. Common AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
179. Which one of the following is involved in an ES development project:
a. The domain expert
b. The knowledge engineer
c. The end user
d. All of the given Page No. 122 (HANOUTS)
180. “A computer program designed to model the problem solving ability of a
human expert” is known as ---
a. Expert system Page No. 111 (HANDOUTS)
b. Intelligent System
c. Echo System
d. Energy System
181. An expert system may replace the expert or assist the expert
a. True Page No. 113 (HANDOUTS)

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b. False
182. A ----------- is ‘A person who posses the skill and knowledge to solve a
specific problem in a manner superior to others’
a. The domain expert Page No. 122 (HANDOUTS)
b. The knowledge engineer
c. The end user
d. All of the given
183. Conventional programming focuses on _, while ES programming
focuses on
a. Solution, Problem Page No. 122 (HANDOUTS)
b. Problem, Solution
c. Problem, Expert
d. Solution, Expert
184. Genetic algorithm uses evolutionary techniques, based on function
optimization and artificial intelligence, to develop a solution.
a. True ref book
b. False
185. An AI system has a component that allows the system to get
information from its environment.
a. Planning
b. Perception Page No. 89 (HANDOUTS)
c. Learning
d. Execution
186. In the worst case of semantic network, we may need to traverse the entire
network and then discover that the requested info
a. Does not exist Page No. 97 (HANDOUTS)
b. Exists
c. Is incorrect AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
d. Is correct
187. An AI system must form a meaningful and useful of the
internal information.
a. Representation Page No. 89 (HANDOUTS)
b. Execution
c. Learning
d. Planning

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188. Breadth-first search is a good idea when you are confident that the branching
factor is _
a. Extremely small
b. Small REFERENCE BOOK
c. Medium
d. Large
189. Progressive deepening guarantees to find the solution at a minimum depth
like
a. DFS
b. BFS Page No. 37 (HANDOUTS)
c. None
190. In Adversarial search the goals of the adversaries are usually to
each other
a. Contrary Page No. 62 (HANDOUTS)
b. Same
c. None
191. To infer new information from semantic networks, we can ask questions
from nodes.
a. True Page NO. 97 (HANDOUTS)
b. False
192. Semantic networks are computationally expensive at
a. Runtime Page No. 97 (HANDOUTS)
b. Compile Time
c. Start Time
d. End Time
193. Searching is a formal mechanism to explore
a. Alternatives Page No. 21 (HANDOUTS)
b. Recursive
c. Best AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP
d. Fitness
194. In Artificial Intelligence GA stands for Genetic Algorithms
a. True Page No. 77 (HANDOUTS)
b. False
195. Every graph can be converted into a tree
a. True Page No. 22 (HANDOUTS)

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b. False
196. Hill Climbing is basically a ------------- with a measure of quality that is
assigned to each node in the tree.
a. Depth First Search Page No. 39 (HANDOUTS)
b. Breadth First Search
c. Best First Search
d. Beam Search
197. The Data structure used in the standard implementation of Breadth-First
Search is?
a. Stack
b. Queue google
c. Linked List
d. Tree
198. The Data structure used in the standard implementation of Depth-First
Search is?
a. Stack google
b.Queue
c. Linked List
d. Recursion
199. Which searching technique gives us a better solution every time.
a. blind/uninformed
b. informed/heuristic page 24 25 of HO
c. path/non-optimal
d. optimal path
200. In AI cycle are closely coupled components; each is
intrinsically tied to the other.
a. knowledge representation and reasoning Page No. 89
(HANDOUTS)
b. learning and execution
c. perception and planning
d. learning and planning
201. ----------- are closely coupled components; each is intrinsically tied to the
other.
i. Knowledge representation
ii. Reasoning AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF GROUP

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iii. Planning
iv. Execution
a. ii & iii
b. ii & iii
c. iii & iv
d. i & ii Page No. 89 (HANDOUTS)
202. Which one of the problem is more subtle, and consequently, is more
frustrating:
a. Foothill problem
b. Plateau
c. Ridge My Point Of View
d. Box
203. By getting grips on that deal with searching techniques in
graphs and trees, problem solving can be performed in an efficient manner.
a. Pseudocode
b. Algorithms Page No. 21 (HANDOUTS)
c. Charts
d. Graphs
204. In Breadth First Search the node with the largest value of height will be at
the priority to be picked.
a. Maximum Page No. 28 (HANDOUTS)
b. Minimum
c. None of the given
205. Breadth-First Search checks all paths of a given length before moving on to
any longer paths.
a. True REFERENCE BOOK
b. False
206. The foothhill problem occurs whenever there are peaks.
a. High
b. Secondary REFERENCE BOOK
c. Primary
d. Deep
207. The Plateau problem comes up when there is a mostly flat area
the peaks.
a. Separating REFERENCE BOOK

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b. Joining
c. Over
d. None of the given
208. The paths found by best-first search are likely to be than those
found with other methods.
a. None of the given
b. Shorter REFERENCE BOOK
c. Longer
209. In Basic Genetic Algorithm the term mutation refers to a small random
.
a. Number
b. Change Page No. 77 (HANDOUTS) AL-JUNAID INSTITUE OF
GROUP
c. Operator
d. Operand
210. Genetic Algorithms is a search method in which multiple search paths are
followed in
a. Series
b. Parallel Page No. 77 (HANDOUTS)
c. None of the give
d. Sequential
211. In optimal path searches we try to find the solution
a. Least
b. Worst
c. Least but not worst
d. Best Page No. 24 (HANDOUTS)
212. From discipline we have information about the network
structure of a human brain and all the theories on functionalities of different
human organs.
a. Mathematics
b. Biology Page No. 9 (HANDOUTS)
c. Computer Science
d. Psychology
213. Intelligence is the ability to
a. Think /learn/Plan/ Schedule Page No. 5 (HANDOUTS)

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b. Recognize / Remember
c. Problem Solving
d. All of the Above
214. Can we precisely define Artificial Intelligence?
a. Yes We Can
b. No we cannot Page No. 14 (HANDOUTS)
215. Try to catch out own thoughts as they go by is
a. Introspection Page No. 8 (HANDOUTS)
b. Psychology
c. Both of above
d. None of the above
216. Classical way of problem solving
a. GA
b. Generate and Test Page No. 15 (HANDOUTS)
217. Best first search is a greedy approach.
a. True Page No. 47 (HANDOUTS)
b. False
218. Answering the Sequence Problem need
a. Intelligence Page No. 5 (HANDOUTS)
b. Ability to make plan
c. Ability to schedule
d. None of the given
219. In the statement “IF A THEN B”, B is called
a. Antecedent
b. Consequent Page No. 95 (HANDOUTS)
220. Rule, which may have a priority in expert systems, is called
a. Meta rule
b. Conflict resolution rule
c. Forward chain rule Page 123
d. backward chain rule
221. What will be the conjunctive normal of (A -> B) -> B?
a. (A ˅ B) Page No. 110 (HANDOUTS)
b. (A AND B)
c. (~A ˅ B)
d. (A ˅ ~B)

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222. Eight queen problem illustrates that placement of 8 queens on a chess board
so that none of them can the other.
a. Attack Page No. 82 (HANDOUTS)
b. Breed
c. Mutate
d. Generate
223. Which value is assigned to alpha and beta in the alpha-beta pruning?
a. Alpha = max
b. Beta = min
c. Both Alpha = max & Beta = min GOOGLE / page 65
to 71
d. Alpha = max
224. Which search method takes less memory?
a. Depth-First Search GOOGLE/ page 25 to 27 of HO
b. Breadth-First Search
c. Optimal Search
d. Linear Search
225. In CNF (Conjunctive normal form) the outermost structure is made up of
and inner units called clauses are made up of .
a. conjunctions ,disjunctions Page No. 108
(HANDOUTS)
b. disjunctions, conjunctions
c. resolution, refutation
d. refutation, resolution
226. The components of a statement in CNF (Conjunctive normal form) are
clauses and literals. And clause in CNF is the of many units.
a. Disjunction Page No. 108 (HANDOUTS)
b. Conjunction
c. Separation
d. Subtraction
227. According to De Morgan’s Laws:
~(A v B) = ?
Note: “~” represents negation.
a. ~A -> B
b. ~B -> A

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c. ~A ˄ ~B Page No. 108 (HANDOUTS)
d. ~B -> ~A
228. which of the following best represents the fuzzy logic?
a. A method of reasoning that resembles human reasoning.
b. A method of question that resembles human answer.
c. A method of giving an answer that resembles human answer.
d. A method that resembles with problem solving technique. (Chapter
6 of HO)
229. is a description of valid statements, the expressions that are legal
in that language.
a. Syntax Page No. 104 (HANDOUTS)
b. Semantics
c. Behavior
d. Operator
230. Genetic Algorithm is a in which multiple search paths are
followed in parallel.
a. search method Page No. 77 (HANDOUTS)
b. data structure
c. sorting algorithm
d. type of tree
231. In reasoning the conclusion derived may be wrong.
a. Abductive Page No. 103 (HANDOUTS)
b. Monotonic
c. Deductive
d. Inductive
232. Trying to catch out own thoughts as they go by
a. Introspection Page No. 8 (HANDOUTS)
b. Psychological experiments
c. Introspection and Psychological experiments
d. Theoretical experiment
233. Which values are independent in the minimax search algorithm?
a. Pruned leaves x and y GOOGLE
b. Each state are dependent
c. Root is independent
d. Non pruned leaves

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234. We can get solution given some parameters using Genetic
Algorithm.
a. Optimal Page No. 205 (HANDOUTS)
b. Formal
c. Complex
d. Structured
235. Which of the following is/are considered being trait(s) of an expert?
a. They possess specialized knowledge in certain area
b. They possess experience the given area
c. They can provide, upon elicitation, an explanation of their decisions
d. All of the given options Page No. 111 (HANDOUTS)
236. The domain of intelligence in which machines that act intelligently and they
have real conscious minds is called .
a. strong AI Page No. 8 (HANDOUTS)
b. weak AI
c. both of the above
d. none of the above
237. MYCIN was an important system in the history of Al because it
demonstrated that expert systems could be used for solving practical problems
for .
a. Physicians Page No. 112 (HANDOUTS)
b. Engineers
c. Students
d. Lawers
238. In eight queen problem for the given sequence 1 6 5 3 2 5 3 7 the position of
Q4 queen is at _.
a. Fourth column and third row Page No. 83
(HANDOUTS)
b. Second column and third row
c. First column and third row
d. Eighth column and second
239. At an early stage, a problem in search space is defined by one of these states.
a. Initial state GOOGLE
b. Last state
c. Intermediate state

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d. All of the mentioned
240. In the min max procedure, the player hoping for the positive numbers is
called .
a. minimizer
b. maximizer Page No. 63 (HANDOUTS)
c. analyzer
d. researcher
241. The expression ‘the cat drove the car’ is correct, but
non-sensible.
a. logically, inductively
b. deductively, inductively
c. syntactically, semantically Page No. 106 (HANDOUTS)
d. Monotonically, non-monotonically
242. Which of the following is the name of the algorithm that evolves the concept
of our genes?
a. Statistical algorithm
b. Genetic algorithms Page No. 76 (HANDOUTS)
c. Searching algorithm
d. Conventional algorithm
243. alters one or more gene values in a chromosome from its initial
state.
a. Inheritance
b. Mutation GOOGLE (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation_)
c. Gene
d. Crossover
244. combine predicates and quantifiers to represent information.
a. Objects
b. Subjects
c. Formulae Page No. 101 (HANDOUTS)
d. Constants
245. In intelligence to solve the trivial problems we use approach
a. Trial and error
b. Hit and trial Page No. 15 (HANDOUTS)
c. Dynamic programming
d. Divide and conquer

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246. In Line fitting problem using genetic algorithm usual way to compute the
goodness to fit the polynomial on the given data points can computed as
_.
a. (actual y - predicted y)2 Page No. 79 (HANDOUTS)
b. (actual y)2
c. y = mx + c
d. y = mx
247. The initial state and the legal moves for each side define the for
the game.
a. Search tree
b. Game tree GOOGLE / page 63 of HO
c. State-space search
d. Forest
248. “If you find the goal, exit, otherwise repeat DFS to the next lower level”.
The statement refers to:
a. Depth first search
b. Breadth first search
c. Progressive depending Page No. 32 (HANDOUTS)
d. None progressive depending
249. Relationships between objects and concepts represent which type of
knowledge?
a. Declarative
b. Structural Page No. 91 (HANDOUTS)
c. Heuristic
d. Meta
250. Which search is equal to min max search but eliminates the branches that
can’t influence the final decision?
a. Depth-first search
b. Breadth-first search
c. Alpha-beta pruning Page No. 64 (HANDOUTS)
d. Beam search
251. Forward chaining is known as:
a. Data-driven reasoning Page No. 123 (HANDOUTS)
b. Rule-driven reasoning
c. Intelligence-driven reasoning

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d. Goal-driven reasoning
252. “Specialized knowledge” in human experts is referred to as _, when
it comes to an expert system.
a. Domain Knowledge Page No. 116 (HANDOUTS)
b. Reasoning Knowledge
c. Predicate engine
d. Affirmation knowledge
253. is based on deducing new information from logically related
known information.
a. Inductive reasoning
b. Abductive reasoning
c. Deductive reasoning Page No. 102 (HANDOUTS)
d. Common-sense reasoning
254. In eight queen problem the given sequence 2 6 8 3 4 5 3 1 illustrates that in
column the queen is placed in the row.
a. sixth, second
b. first, fifth
c. second, sixth Page No. 83 (HANDOUTS)
d. third, fifth
255. In context of tree, an arrow from one node to other is called:
a. Root
b. Descendant
c. Edge
d. Ancestor
256. describes objects, rather than processes. That is known about a
situation, e.g. it is sunny today, and cherries are red.
a. Procedural knowledge
b. Declarative knowledge Page No. 90 (HANDOUTS)
c. Meta knowledge
d. Heuristic knowledge
257. Which of the following is not the example of uninformed search?
a. Depth first search
b. First path search
c. Breadth first search
d. Progressive deepening

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258. The "part of the expert system that contains the problem facts that are
discovered during the session" is called:
a. Working memory Page No. 117 (HANDOUTS)
b. System memory
c. Secondary storage
d. Reserved media
259. Psychological experiments deal with the stud of .
a. introspection
b. study of the mind
c. science of mental life Page No. 8 (HANDOUTS)

d. science of human body life

260. The component of the system that performs inference is called:
a. Inference engine Page No. 104 (HANDOUTS)
b. Inference object
c. Inference manager
d. inference class
261. type of knowledge can be represented as the Rule-of-thumb.
a. Procedural
b. Semantic
c. Meta
d. Heuristic Page No. 90 (HANDOUTS)
262. Backward chaining, however, starts with the and tries to reach
down to all primitive nodes (marked by ‘?’), where information is sought from
the user.
a. intermediate state
b. last state
c. goal state Page No. 127 (HANDOUTS)
d. transition state
263. In search, out of “n” possible choices at any level, we follow only the
best "k" of them.
a. Beam search Page No. 43 (HANDOUTS)
b. Depth first search
c. Breadth first search
d. Progressive deepening

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264. Every graph can be converted into a tree, by replacing the .
a. terminals
b. edges
c. nodes Page No. 22 (HANDOUTS)
d. branches
265. A fact or proposition is divided into two parts and are represented as
.
a. object and logic
b. predicate and argument Page No. 101 (HANDOUTS)
c. reasoning and variable
d. algebra and calculus
266. Which of the following best represents the term perceptron?
a. A single layer feed-forward neutral network with pre-processing

b. An auto-associative neutral network

c. A double layer auto-associative neural network
d. A neural network that contains feedback
267. The term artificial intelligence was first came into existence in _.
a. 1956 Page No. 10 (HANDOUTS)
b. 1957
c. 1958
d. 1959
268. If you know that Alpha implies beta, and you know alpha to be true, you can
automatically say that beta is true.
a. Modus ponens Page No. 105 (HANDOUTS)
b. Modus tolens
c. And-Introduction
d. And-Elimination
269. Backward chaining is more focused and tries to avoid exploring
path of reasoning.
a. Unnecessary Page No. 128 (HANDOUTS)
b. necessary
c. searching
d. different
270. In depth first search we keep our priority function as given below and given

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give priority to elements with P(n) value where: P(n) = 1 / height(n).
a. Minimum Page No. 25 (HANDOUTS)
b. Maximum
c. Average
d. Absolute
271. What is the other name of the informed search strategy?
a. Simple search
b. Heuristic search Page No. 37 (HANDOUTS)
c. Online search
d. None of the mentioned
272. To create systems that can learn, think, perceive, analyze, and act in the
same manner as real humans are the art of _.
a. Artificial Intelligence Page No. 8 (HANDOUTS)
b. Deep learning
c. Machine learning
d. Fuzzy logic

273. Atomic units of knowledge called?

a. Rules
b. Methods
c. Facts Page No. 94 (HANDOUTS)
d. Proposition
274. uses evolutionary techniques, based on function optimization
and intelligence, to develop a solution.
a. Genetic algorithm Page No. 77 (HANDOUTS)
b. Conventional algorithm
c. Sequential algorithm
d. Dynamic algorithm
275. An alternative method is the longest-matching strategy. This method
involves firing the conclusion that was derived from the .
a. Longest rule GOOGLE
b. Shortest rule
c. Complex rule
d. Forward chain rule
276. Inference engine matches the facts contained in the with the

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contained in the knowledge base, to draw conclusions about the
problem.
a. Rule engine, operators
b. Fact table, working memory
c. Working memory, domain knowledge Page No. 117
(HANDOUTS)
d. Object, class
277. “Given that there is dry wood, oxygen and a spark, we can conclude that
there will be fire”. The above statement refers to:
a. Inductive reasoning
b. Abductive reasoning
c. Deductive reasoning Page No. 102 (HANDOUTS)
d. Common-sense reasoning
278. In genetic problem we start with a population of randomly generated
to a problem.
a. attempted solutions Page No. 77 (HANDOUTS)
b. BFS
c. DFS
d. Final state

279. In the linear model which is not the step of the planning phase?
a. Feasibility assessment
b. Resource allocation
c. Task phasing and scheduling
d. Knowledge engineering Page No. 129 (HANDOUTS)
280. Alpha beta pruning relates to:
a. Minmax procedure Page No. 64 (HANDOUTS)
b. Breadth first search
c. Progressive deepening
d. Depth first search
281. In eight queen problem after performing mutation we flip bits at random and
new board position is represented in binary as follows
0100 0101 1000 0010 0111 0001 0011 0101
Which of the following represent the new board position of individuals?
a. 4 3 8 2 7 1 3 5

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b. 4 5 8 2 7 1 3 5
c. 4 5 3 2 7 1 3 5
d. 4 5 8 2 2 1 3 5
282. Predicate calculus allows us to use quantifiers for statements, the symbol for
the universal quantifier is represented as .
a. Ɐ Page No. 100 (HANDOUTS)
b. Ǝ
c. ⸫
d. ⸪
283. says that from "Alpha" and from "Beta" you can conclude
"Alpha and Beta’.
a. Modus ponens
b. Modus tolens
c. And-Introduction Page No. 105 (HANDOUTS)
d. And-Elimination
284. Genetic algorithm use _.
a. parallel approach Page No. 77 (HANDOUTS)
b. sequential approach
c. pipelining
d. heuristic approach
285. The ability to think, plan and schedule demonstrate .
a. problem-solving

b. intelligence Page No. 5 (HANDOUTS)

c. machine learning
d. deep learning
286. Facts are the atomic units of knowledge. They represent the following type
of knowledge.
a. Common knowledge
b. Meta knowledge
c. Procedural knowledge
d. Declarative knowledge Page No. 94 (HANDOUTS)
287. Which of the following is not the main phase of the linear sequence?
a. Code
b. System evaluation

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c. Planning
d. Requirement engineering Page No. 129 (HANDOUTS)

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