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Ch5.Stichiometry Notes

The document is a set of notes and worksheets for a chemistry course covering stoichiometry, including formula writing, equation construction, and the concept of moles. It outlines rules for naming ionic and covalent compounds, as well as provides examples and practice questions. Additionally, it discusses types of chemical reactions and the construction of chemical equations with emphasis on the states of matter.

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13 views

Ch5.Stichiometry Notes

The document is a set of notes and worksheets for a chemistry course covering stoichiometry, including formula writing, equation construction, and the concept of moles. It outlines rules for naming ionic and covalent compounds, as well as provides examples and practice questions. Additionally, it discusses types of chemical reactions and the construction of chemical equations with emphasis on the states of matter.

Uploaded by

originalchristine11
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chemistry

9 Cambridge
Term II (2024 -2025)
Notes
Worksheets

Teacher: Neelam Inayat

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CHAPTER 5
STOICHIOMETRY

 Formula writing
 Equation construction
 Concept of Mole
 Empirical and Molecular Formula

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NAMING CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
Chemical Symbol:
Every element is represented by a 1 or 2 letter abbreviation called symbol.
That abbreviation is derived from an English or Latin name.
Some important elements with symbols are:

Simple Ions and Compound Ions:


Simple ions: Ions consisting of single element

Compound/molecular ions: Ions consisting of more than one type of elements.

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For example:

PO43-

CH3COO

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Rules for Naming Compounds:
Ionic Compounds
1. Metals are named first.

Covalent Compounds

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H3PO4 = Phosphoric acid

HNO3 = Nitric Acid

N2O = Nitrous oxide

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Worksheet 5.1 (Naming Ionic compounds)

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Naming Covalent Compounds

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FORMULAE OF COVALENT COMPOUNDS

Molecular Formula

A molecular formula is a chemical formula of a molecular compound that shows the kinds and
actual numbers of atoms present in a molecule of the compound.

For example

Si2O4

Empirical Formula

A molecular formula is a chemical formula of a molecular compound that shows the kinds and
simplified numbers of atoms present in a molecule of the compound.

SiO2

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Worksheet 5.2

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Write Chemical Formula

1. Carbon tetraflouride ______________________


2. Silicon dioxide ______________________
3. Dinitrogen trisulfide ______________________
4. Phosphorous mononitride______________________
5. Carbon disulfide ______________________
6. Dinitrogen trichloride ______________
7. Silicon tetrabromide _______________
8. Carbon dioxide ___________________
9. Nitrogen triflouride _________________
10.Boron trisulfide ________________________
11.Disulfur trioxide ______________________
12.Selenium tetraflouride______________________
13.Diphosphorous pentasulfide __________________
14.Sulfur dibromide ______________________
15.Carbon tetrachloride ______________________
16. Dinitrogen tetraoxide _________________________

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Following are the examples of compound ions:

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Types of Chemical Reactions

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Equation construction

Rules for constructing an equation

We should be able to highlight metals, non-metals and metalloids in a periodic table.

While constructing an equation we should know that:

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1. Metals exist as giant structures and are represented by a single atom. E.g Cu, Na, Mg, K, C, Si,
Ge.

2. Non-metals exist as simple molecules and are represented by the actual number of total
atoms involved in a molecule. E.g O2, F2, Cl2, H2.

Exception: P4 and S8 are represented by P and S respectively simply because of more than 3
atoms involved.

3. Metalloids and Carbon exist as covalent lattice (giant structure) and are represented by a
single atom. E.g B, Si, Ge, C.

4. Noble gases exist independently so they are also written as single atoms. E.g Ne, Ar.

5. Compounds are named using cross-over rule.

Formulae of Elements:

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Writing states of matter in an equation

States of elements are shown in the following periodic table:

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2. We write aq (aqueous) for compounds that are soluble in water soluble in water. Solid (s) is
written for insoluble compounds.

Valency/Oxidation states/charges of Transition elements (Period 4)

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Construct Symbol equations and balance them

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Practice questions

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Silver shows +1 valency

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