INDEX

1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………….1

2. Litarature Review ……………………………………………………………..17

3. Aim And Objectives …………………………………………………………..26

4. Plan of Work …………………………………………………………………..26

5. Drug Profile …….……………………………………………………………...28

6. Excipient profile………………………………………………………………..32

7. Matarial And Method…………………………………….…………………….35

8. Preparation of peel off face Gel mask……………………..…………………...36

9. Evaluation Parameter of Peel Off Face Mask………………………………….38

10.Result and Discussion ………………………………………………………….40

11.Conclusion……………………………………………………………………...42

12.References ……………………………………………………………………..43
Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

1.INTRODUCTION

Cosmetics is the word derived from the Greek word ―kosmtikos‖, it means ―having the power
to arrange, skilled in decorating. According to drug and cosmetics act it is defined as the article
intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled or sprayed of introduced or applied to the human
body or other parts for cleansing, promoting attractiveness or altering the appearance. Herbal
cosmetics have less side effects when compared to synthetic one. Different parts of the plants
such as leaves, flowers, roots, stem, rhizomes, seed and bark are used in cosmetics. Herbal
ingredients are compatible with all skin type. Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease in
human. It is characterized by multiple and inflammatory follicular papules, nodules and
pustules in its more severe forms. Acne occurs due to the hyper sensitivity of sebaceous glands
to a normal circulating level of androgens that are aggravated by propioni bacterium acnes and
inflammation.
The major causes of acne include the following:
 Use of medication like Lithium steroids and anti-convulsant.
 Genetic factors
 Pregnancy
 Endocrine disorder like Polycystic ovarian syndrome.
The peel off mask is used to treat facial skin problems such dark skin, acne, wrinkles etc. It
also used for cleansing , moisturizing and also help in removing the dead skin. It is prepared
by using polymers which can form a thin layer on the skin. The peel off mask is applied as
thin film which is spread with fingers on face or other body parts. It is allowed to dry, then
pulled away from face with fingers.
Benefits of herbal peel off mask:
 Rejuvenates the skin
 Remove dead skin cells
 Reduces skin problems like acne, wrinkles etc.
 Promote skin tightening and toner
 Remove facial hair
The anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial properties of herbs such as cabbage,
Manjishta, Rose petal, Green tea, Turmeric, Neem reduces redness, skin irritation and the
remedies for skincare, a functional peel-off mask for use.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

Now a days, The Herbs are widely used as remedial agents because herbs are easily available
at less expensive. The herbs are used from the ancient time for cleaning, beautifying and the
treatment of various skin disease. The skin of the face is the major part of the body but some
common skin diseases are Acne, black head, pimples, dark circle are seen in youngsters and
these dark circles reduce the fairness of the face. According to Ayurveda, Skin problems are
normally due to environmental factors and free radicals in blood. In ancient times, the women
were very conscious about their beauty and treat the facial skin problems through the
medicated herbs like as- neem, aloe vera, Tulsi, orange peel, rose and some for blood
purification herbs like, Manjistha, Chandana, Turmeric and some rock salts.
The different types of skin conditions are need different types of herbal face packs because some
face packs are not suit for the specific type of skin. The face pack are increase the blood
circulation of veins of the face and provide the necessary nutrients to the skin for growth of
new cells and health
The determinant step in the development of a cosmetic formulation involves stability study,
with the objective of predicting physical, physicochemical, chemical and microbiological
alterations that may occur since its manufacturing, until the end of its expiration date . Besides,
this study allows the evaluation of the cosmetic product performance, safety and efficacy and
contributes for its development time reduction which is highly required by the market and the
consumers. The stability test guides the development of cosmetic formulations, providing
information for preparation improvements, in case of instability manifestations and/or
incompatibility among ingredients.
For the stability test to be meaningful, it is important to establish variables that will be
evaluated, defining the acceptance criteria and/or the methods able to measure the attribute
variations over time. The choice of the tests to be performed is responsibility of the researcher
and the criteria and decisions are based on the type of cosmetic product related to the scientific
literature, guides and Official Compendiums, once each formulation has particular
characteristics of ingredients and cosmetic forms. These criteria must take also into account
the main product characteristics, because these attributes must remain with no alteration - or
with alterations that do not compromise the performance and presentation of product (The peel
off facial masks may be used as vehicles for active substances like the soy milk fermented by
Bifido bacterium animal, which presents as attributes the antioxidant and the moisture
properties, indicating a cosmetic potential.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

In this study, the physical and physicochemical stability of peel off facial mask formulations
containing fermented soy milk, and their respective cosmetic bases, were compared by
Preliminary and Accelerated Stability studies and formulation performance, evaluated by in
vitro drying time. istorically, the main focus of research in face recognition has been given to
the.
improvement of the performance at verification and identification tasks, that means,
distinguishing better between subjects using the available information of their faces. To
achieve that goal, a FRS should be able to optimize the differences between the facial features
of each user and also the similarities among samples of the same user. Within the variability
factors that can affect the performance of face recognition systems there are occlusions, low-
resolution, different viewpoints, lighting, etc. Improving the performance of recognition
systems in the presence of these.

Ideal Characteristics of peel off face mask

 It should be non-irritating and nontoxic.
 It should be stable both physically and chemically.
 It should be free from gritty particles.
 It. Should produced a definite tightening effect after application.
 Must be dermatological non-toxic, non-irritating to normal skin.
 It should form adherent coating on the skin.
 It should posses‘ sufficient absorbent power.
 Easily & evenly spread on application.
 It should have pleasant odor.
 Less side effects on the skin health
Peel of mask are high-quality powder masks which have been developed specifically for
cosmetic treatment in the beauty salon. They are mixed with Ocean Mineral Activator and are
immediately applied onto the face and neck, but also the neckline and e.g. hands, where they
form something akin to a second skin and impress with their intensive effect. Whilst the mask
slowly hardens, moisture collects in the horny layer beneath the elastic mask film, which is
impermeable to air and water. At the same time, the peel-off masks' active substances and
additional active substances, e.g. from ampoules, are able to penetrate particularly well into
the skin and intensively supply the substances it requires within a short space of time. Peel off
facial masks, based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), are formulations that, after application

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

and drying, form an occlusive film over the face. After removing, they provide cleanness,
tensor and moisturizing effects, removing dead cells, residues and other materials deposited
on the stratum corneous. When compared to the unfermented extract, providing benefits to the
cosmetic formulations like anti-aging effect, moisture, tensor action. The skin-smoothing and
elasticity-enhancing effect is revealed after just one application.
Peel off Mask gently stimulates the metabolism due to its occlusive effect. Waste products and
accumulated tissue fluid are rapidly transported away. A significantly improved skin profile is
rapidly achieved. Skin is the protective layer of the body exposed to environmental pollution
hence, it is essential to protect the skin . Peel off mask can be used as the remedy to treat facial
skin related problems such as wrinkles, ageing, acne and it can also be used to close the pores
as the open pore scan cause deposition of dust and result in white heads.
Peel off mask can be used for cleansing and moisturizing the skin. Most of the face peel off
mask is prepared by polymers which can throw thin layer on face Peel off mask is available in
gel form and as dry form Dead skin cells can be removed by applying peel off mask. Mask can
remain on the face for 15-20 minutes the duration can be varied depending on the ingredients
used Some peel off mask required whole night for better result .It can be prepared with
synthetic ingredients. Such as Activated charcoal and other ingredients like polyvinyl alcohol,
polyethylene glycol, glycerin, methanol, Tween twenty, ascorbic acid and water . the
preparation was evaluated for its physical characteristic and it was found to have the entire
desired characteristics of a peel off mask.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

 Anatomy of the Skin

Your skin is the largest organ on your body, made up of several different components, including
water, protein, lipids, and different minerals and chemicals. If you're average, your skin weighs
about six pounds. Its job is crucial: to protect you from infections and germs. Throughout your
life, your skin will change constantly, for better or worse. In fact, your skin will regenerate
itself approximately every 27 days. Proper skin care is essential to maintaining the health and
vitality of this protective organ. rough cleansing. You should perform this twice daily. At night,
make sure you remove all your make-up and cleanse properly before going to bed market that
are oil-free. The epidermis is the thinnest layer in your skin, but it's responsible for protecting
you from the harsh environment. The epidermis has five layers of its own. It also hosts different
types of cells: keratinocytes produce the protein known as keratin, the main component of the
epidermis. Melanocytes produce your skin pigment known as melanin. Langerhans cells
prevent foreign substances from getting into your skin.

Figure no. 01 Human skin

 Functions of the skin

1. Provides a protective barrier against mechanical, thermal and physical injury and hazardous
substances. prevents loss of moisture.
2. Reduces harmful effects of UV radiation.
3. Acts as a sensory organ (touch, detects temperature).
4. Helps regulate temperature.
5. An immune organ to detect infections etc.
6. Production of vitamin D.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

 Balanced nutrition-
Moisturizing - This is recommended even for those who have oily skin. There are plenty of
moisturizers on the mark Facts about the skin. The skin is the body's largest organ. It covers
the entire body. It serves as a protective shield against heat, light, injury, and infection. The
skin also:
Your skin takes on different thickness, color, and texture all over your body. For example, your
head contains more hair follicles than anywhere else. But the soles of your feet have none. In
addition, the soles of your feet and the palms of your hands are much thicker than skin on other
areas of your body. When the skin produces excessive sebum, it becomes heavy and thick in
texture, known as oily skin. Oily skin is typified by shininess, blemishes and pimples. The oily-
skin type is not necessarily bad, since such skin is less prone to wrinkling, or other signs of
ageing, because the oil helps to keep needed moisture locked into the epidermis (outermost
layer of skin).
 Sebaceous glands
The sebaceous glands are usually attached to hair follicles and pour their secretion, sebum,
into the follicular canal. In a few areas of the body, disproportionately large sebaceous glands
are associated with very small hair follicles; in other areas there are glands that are altogether
free of follicles. The outstanding feature of sebaceous glands is their holocrine mode of
secretion, involving complete disintegration of the sebaceous cells. The glands consist of a
series of lobes, or acini, each with a duct running toward the main sebaceous duct. The cells
are generated by cell division around the periphery of each lobe. As they move toward the
center of the lobe and toward the duct, they synthesize and accumulate fat globules and become
progressively larger and distorted. .

Figure no. 02 Sebaceous glands

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

Human sebum is a complex mixture of lipids—triglyceride fats (57.5 percent), wax esters (26
percent), squalene (12 percent), cholesterol esters (3 percent), and cholesterol (1.5 percent).
The triglycerides are largely hydrolyzed by bacteria by the time the sebum reaches the skin
surface, so that about a third of the surface fat consists of free fatty acids.
 Sweat glands –
Sweat glands are coiled tubes of epidermal origin, though they lie in the dermis. Their
secretory cells surround a central space, or lumen, into which the secretion is extruded. There
are two distinct types: eccrine glands open by a duct directly onto the skin surface; apocrine
glands usually develop in association with hair follicles and open into them.

Figure no. 03 Sweat gland

Most other mammals have numerous apocrine glands in the hairy skin; eccrine glands are
usually absent from the hairy skin and limited to friction surfaces. In nonhuman primates there
is a tendency for the number of eccrine sweat glands over the body to increase in progressively
advanced animals at the same time that the number of apocrine glands becomes reduced.
Prosimians (primitive primates, such as lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers) have only apocrine glands
in the hairy skin; eccrine glands begin to appear in some of the higher forms. Humans have the
most eccrine glands, with apocrine glands restricted to specific areas. The odor of axillary
secretion becomes more intense as it is decomposed by bacteria. Although axillary odors
frequently seem unpleasant, they are not invariably so. The odor of individual human beings
comes mostly from apocrine secretion, with some contribution from sebum. Since the body
odors of all other animals have a social or sexual significance, it can be assumed that this is
the archetypal purpose of apocrine secretion, even in humans. The view that the axillary organs
are scent glands is supported by the finding that androsterones—the compounds are
responsible for the odor of the boar to which the sow responds—also occur in human axillary
secretions.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

 ABOUT PHARMACEUTICAL GEL

Gel is defined as semi rigid system in which the movement of the dispersing medium is
restricted by an interlacing three-dimensional network or solvent macromolecules of the
dispersed phase. A gel is a semi solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to
hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross linked system, which exhibits
no flow when in the steady state, although the liquid phase may still diffuse through this
system. A gel has been defined phenomenologically as a soft, solid or solid-like material
consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity.
Gels are mostly liquid by mass, yet they behave like solids because of a three-dimensional
cross-linked network within the liquid. It is the cross-linking within the fluid that gives a gel
its structure (hardness) and contributes to the adhesive stick. In this way, gels are a dispersion
of molecules of a liquid within a solid medium.Gels are made using substances (called gelling
agents) that undergo a high degree of cross-linking or association when hydrated and dispersed
in the dispersing medium, or when dissolved in the dispersing medium. This cross-linking or
association of the dispersed phase will alter the viscosity of the dispersing medium. The
movement of the dispersing medium is restricted by the dispersed phase, and the viscosity is
increased.If the gel contains small discrete particles, the gel is called a two-phase system. If
the gel does not appear to have discrete particles, it is called as a one-phase system. Two-phase
systems are thixotropic; e.g., they are semisolid on standing but liquefy when shaken. If the
particle size in a two-phase system is large.

Figure no.04 Appearance of gel

Examples of two-phase systems include Aluminum Hydroxide Gel and Bentonite Magma.
Single-phase systems contain linear or branched polymer macromolecules that dissolve in
water and have no apparent boundary with the dispensing medium. These macromolecules are

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

classed as natural polymers (i.e., Tragacanth), semisynthetic cellulose derivatives (i.e.,

methylcellulose), or synthetic polymers (i.e., Carbomer polymers).

 Classification of Gels -
1. Controlled release gels
2. Organogels
3. Extended release gels
4. Amphiphilic gel
5. Hydrophilic gels
6. Non aqueous gels
7. Bioadhesive gel
8. Thermosensitive sol-gel reversible hydrogels
9. Complexation
10. Hydrogel

1. Controlled Release Gels -Drug delivery to nasal or ocular mucosa for either local or
systemic action suffers from many obstacles. Gel formulations with suitable rheological and
mucoadhesive properties increase the contact time at the site of absorption. However, drug
release from the gel must be sustained if benefits are to be gained from the prolonged contact
time.

2. Hydrophilic Gels - Hydrophilic gels are composed of the internal phase made of a polymer
producing a coherent three-dimensional net-like structure, which fixes the liquid vehicle as the
external phase. Intermolecular forces bind the molecules of the solvent to a polymeric net, thus
decreasing the mobility of these molecules and producing a structured system with increased
viscosity.

3. Non Aqueous Gels - Ethyl cellulose was successfully formulated as a non aqueous gel with
propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate. The novel nonaqueous gel exhibited rheological
profiles corresponding to a physically cross-linked three dimensional gel network, with
suitable mechanical characteristics for use as a vehicle for topical drug delivery. Molecular
conformation of the solvent was found to influence the molecular interactions associated with
formation of ethyl cellulose gel networks.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

The gel matrices exhibited prominent viscoelastic behavior, yield stress and thixotropy.
Rheological and mechanical properties showed significant upward trends with increased
polymeric chain length and polymer concentrations. Good linear correlations were obtained
between rheological and mechanical properties. The solvent molecular conformation was
found to play a role in affecting the formation of gel networks via intermolecular hydrogen
bonding between ethyl cellulose polymer chains.

4. Hydrogels - Hydrogels are gel systems in which water immobilized by insoluble polymer.
The elements of hydrogels are water and a polymeric substance that is hydrophilic, but not
water soluble. When exposed to water, the dry polymer swells and absorbs liquid. The polymer
strands are cross-linked either chemically or by physical forces. For convenience, hydrogels
may be defined by the type of polymer employed and/or the cross-linking mechanism.

Figure no. 05 Hydrogel

5. Bio adhesive gel- The term ―bio adhesion‖ indicates adhesion or absorption by the body.
Therefore, a bio adhesion gel (more correctly bio adhesive gel) should be called a tissue
adhesive gel. When the word ―cohesion‖ is used, one must deduce that the general target is the
mucosa, a tissue to which ordinary material does not easily adhere. The concept of gel also
needs to be examined—materials in use today are not gels in the strictest sense. The materials
currently available are polymer matrices that absorb water and adhere to mucosa, but they do
not facilitate maintaining of an original shape. The discussion on actual application examples
and research examples focuses on the polymers that have mucoadhesive properties. The
advantages of drug delivery to mucosal tissue rather than through the usual avenues of entry
include: the first-time passage effect can be avoided, drug delivery can be interrupted by
removing the drug, and selective administration can be performed relatively easily and
precisely. It is expected that the number of studies on mucoadhesive drugs will increase in the
future.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

 Advantages of gel

 Gels are used to achieve optimal cutaneous and percutaneous drug delivery.
 They can avoid gastrointestinal drug absorption difficulties caused by gastrointestinal pH.
 Gels are having property to avoid enzymatic activity and drug interaction with food and drinks.
 They can substitute for oral administration of medication when the route is unsuitable.
 They can avoid the first pass effect, that is, the initial pass of drug substance through the human
body.
 They avoid systemic and portal circulation following gastrointestinal absorption.
 Gels are not deactivated by liver enzymes because the liver is bypassed.
 They are non-invasive and have patient compliance.
 They are applied over skin for slow and prolonged absorption.
 They have localized effect with minimum side effects.

 Disadvantages of gel

 Enzyme in epidermis may denature the drugs of gels.

 Drugs of larger particle size do not absorb through the skin.
 They have poor permeability of some drugs through the skin.
 Selection of area to be examined carefully during application of gels.
 Gels which are used for the introduction into body cavity or the eyes should be sterilized.

 Application of Gels
 As delivery systems for orally administered drugs.
 For topical drugs applied directly to the skin, mucous membrane or the eye.
 As long-acting forms of drug injected intramuscularly or implanted into the body.
 Lubricant for catheters.

 Bases for patch testing.

 Sodium fluoride & Phosphoric acid gel for dental care prophylactic.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

 ABOUT PEEL OFF FACE GEL MASK

Peel-off masks have become a popular addition to many skincare routines. These masks
typically come in a gel or liquid form that is applied to the skin and left to dry. Once dry, the
mask is peeled off, it removes impurities and dead skin cells. The benefits of using peel-off
masks are numerous. The benefits of golden peel off mask that it can help you unclog pores
and remove dead skin cells easily.
Incorporating these peel-off masks into a regular skincare routine can help you maintain clear,
healthy, and youthful-looking skin. In this blog, we will explore these peel-off mask benefits
in detail while highlighting the importance of peel-off masks in achieving optimal skin health.
Peel-off masks work by adhering to the surface of your skin, drying, and then be peeled off
while removing dead skin cells and impurities with them.
Dead skin cells can build up on your skin‘s surface, leading to dull, tired-looking skin.
Removing dead skin cells is important for healthy skin as it helps you unclog pores and prevent
acne breakouts. It also helps you allow other skincare products to penetrate your skin more
effectively. contains natural ingredients like gold collagenous boosters, orange peel-off
crystals, and aloe vera, which work together to gently exfoliate the skin and promote a brighter
as well as radiant complexion.it removes dead cells, extra hair on the face, pigmentation,
provides a glow to the skin, cleans the skin pores, moisturizes, and hydrates the skin.
The stable nature of the product and its compatibility with all skin types Good spread ability
Cleanse the skin surface.

Figure no. 06 Apply peel off face gel mask

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

 TYPES OF PEEL OFF FACE MASK

Masks, as we know them today, come as one of 4 categories:

1. Peel off: One continuous sheet was applied to the skin, left to dry for 30 minutes, and
then peeled off. They are perfect for offering both a purifying and rejuvenating action and
perception. When the polymeric network is removed, they efficiently remove the very top layer
of old, dead skin cells to reveal younger-looking skin beneath.

2. Sheet: Sheet masks are the most versatile because they are effective serum formulations
with actives added to achieve the product purpose, e.g.: o Whitening o Anti-aging o Anti-
sebum The sheet of the mask helps stabilize the formulation and give it the necessary structure,
so little in the way of stabilizing and structuring ingredients are needed to achieve anything
you wish based on the active select.

3. Leave-on: These kinds of masks come in crème-gel or cream forms that are extremely
moisturizing. They are applied to the skin, kept on for 15 to 30 minutes (or overnight), and
then the remaining product is rubbed in. They are meant to deliver more moisture and
emollience than regular creams, hence they have greater lipid and humectant content.

4. Charcoal/clay: With the addition of charcoal or clay, these types of masks serve as
necessary cream cleansers. Additionally, this increases viscosity. Clay and charcoal are
excellent food sources for microorganisms, but they should be purchased properly prepared.
So proper preservation is crucial for this product. Peel-off masks are majorly known for their
exfoliating properties. It instantly peels away the dead skin cells, dirt, blackheads, oil, and
dullness, revealing glowing skin underneath. Simply peeling off the mask once it has dried
helps to lift off plenty of tiny particles of dirt and dust which have accumulated over time.
Traditional masks, on the other hand, are excellent for hydrating the skin. The best peel-off
mask for oily skin can help to alleviate the problem of oily skin by absorbing excess oil from
the skin while also unclogging and cleansing

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

 IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MASK

1. Exfoliating Properties - Peel-off masks are majorly known for their exfoliating
properties. It instantly peels away the dead skin cells, dirt, blackheads, oil, and dullness,
revealing glowing skin underneath. Simply peeling off the mask once it has dried helps
to lift off plenty of tiny particles of dirt and dust which have accumulated over time.
Traditional masks, on the other hand, are excellent for hydrating the skin.

2. Works Instantly - They work instantaneously and are best suited for special
occasions. Traditional facemasks, on the other hand, are ideal for those looking for deep
cleansing results.

3. Deep Cleansing - Peel-off masks are quick fixes for dull, dehydrated skin and
work their magic in a matter of 15 minutes.

4. Improves blood circulation - The orange peel off mask increases blood
circulation and oxygen supply, which tightens the skin and makes it appear beautiful and
youthful. Natural ingredients such as orange-peel extracts energies the epidermis with
vitamins and aid in the restoration of your skin‘s natural luster.

5. Banishes Dead skin and dirt - Peel-off masks are a kind of physical exfoliant,
meaning they eliminate the outer layer of skin to discard dead skin cells. It makes the skin
feel soft and radiant. Simply peeling off the mask once it has dried lifts off all the tiny
particles of dirt and dust which have accumulated over time. Most peel off masks will
absorb excess oil from the skin, this makes it an excellent product for those with oily and
acne-prone skin. Since these masks help reduce pore size and make the skin appear firm,
mature skin can also benefit from it.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

Figure no. 07 MARKETED FORMULATION OF PEEL OFF FACE GEL

MASK

EVERYUTH NATURAL PEEL OFF FACE MASK

HIMALAYA CUCUMBER PEEL OFF MASK

ACTIVE CHARCOAL PEEL OFF MASK

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

GLAMVEDA GOLDEN PEEL OFF MASK

FREEMAN CUCUMBER PEEL OFF MASK

FREEMAN PINK CLAY PEEL OFF FACE MASK

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

2. LITERATURE REVIEW -
1. Tina Raju et al, (2022) -The aim of this research work was to design formulate and
optimization peel off face mask for the treatment of Rosacea. this research work aims to
develop a user-friendly symptomatic treatment for the types which affect the facial skin. The
peel off mask was formulated using 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as
a gelling agent and the main ingredient was chamomile oil. Evaluation of peel off mask
included physical characteristics (organoleptic properties, homogeneity, viscosity, spread
ability, film drying time), chemical characteristics (pH value), stability and antimicrobial
activity. The variation in PVA affects the pH value, viscosity and film drying time
significantly. Stability test showed that all peel off mask show no significant changes at room
temperature with and without exposure to sunlight and at low temperature. The peel off mask
containing chamomile oil using 10% PVA has the inhibitory effect against bacteria (S.
aureus, E. coli) and fungi (C. albicans) as compared with the positive controls (clindamycin
gel, gentamycin and clotrimazole)
2. Chauhan Jaydeep et al, (2017) -Skin is a very sensitive and outer most layer of the human
body which is exposed to environmental factors hence, it is very essential to protect the skin.
There are various cosmetics available in market for skin care and have wide variety of
cosmetics intended for facial application They can be a face mask, lotion, sun cream etc. Peel
off mask is the type of dosage form which is gently applied onto the facial skin surface and
is peeled off after few minutes of its application, but here we have a new concept of solid
film peel off mask. It can be used as the remedy in treatment of facial skin related problems
such as black hairs, dark-spots, dead skin and mainly used to open the closed pores due to
deposition of dust. Its main role is to Stimulate the metabolism due to its occlusive effect.
Multani Miti is being added as an active ingredient in this formulation.
3. Prof. Dr. Shashank Tiwari et al, (2019) - activated charcoal has been used as an active
ingredient in cosmetic products. Due to its adsorbing properties, it is well being used in all
kinds of beauty products from face masks to cleansers and also even soaps. Activated charcoal
is used as an active ingredient in this formulation. Natural remedies are more acceptable in the
belief that they are safer with fewer side effects than the synthetic formulations. Herbal
formulations have growing demand in the world market. Herbal face masks are applied to
increase the blood circulation, rejuvenates and helps to maintain the skin elasticity and it also
remove the dirt from skin pores. It is a very good endeavor to establish the herbal face mask
containing various herbal powders. The main advantage of herbal cosmetics is its nontoxic

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

nature, and it reduces the allergic reactions. In this article, we have formulated activated
charcoal peel off mask and also evaluated it by using different test methods. The formulation
showed amazing results after its application.
4. Wira NovianaSuhery et al, (2020) - Rice bran is a side product of rice milling which
contains antioxidant compounds such as tocopherols, tocotrienols, and gamma oryzanol. Red
rice bran has higher antioxidant activity (IC50 43.2249 ppm) compared with white rice bran.
This study aims to formulate and evaluate peel-off gel mask containing red rice bran extract.
Dosage formulations of gel peel-off mask made in various types of bases that F1 (using base
of polyvinyl alcohol, F2 (base of HPMC) and F3 (base of gelatin). Further preparation gel
peel-off gel mask evaluated physical properties (organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, power of
spread, test the strength of the film layer and irritation test) and antioxidant activity during the
8 weeks of storage. The results showed that the F1 shows the physical properties of the most
well during 8 weeks of storage. While F3 showed the highest antioxidant activity than the
other formulas with percent inhibition 88.81%
5. Yenni Puspita Tanjund et al, (2021)- The aim of this study was to obtain a peel off gel
facial mask preparation from Arabica coffee fruit peel extract that meets the Requirements and
to determine the antioxidant activity of Arabica coffee fruit peel extract and peel off gel facial
mask preparation from coffee fruits In this study, three formulations of peel off gel facial mask
were made with 3 variations in the concentration of coffee fruit peel extract, Namely F1 (1%),
F2 (2%), and F3 (3%). Furthermore, the preparation was evaluated for 28 d of storage at room
temperature (25-30 °C) and cold Temperature (8 °C) which included organoleptic, pH,
spreading ability, homogeneity, viscosity, dry time, and antioxidant activity. The results of
the evaluation showed that F1, F2, and F3 met the requirements which included organoleptic,
pH, spreading ability, Homogeneity, viscosity, and dry time. The antioxidant activity of the
coffee fruit peel extract was very strong (IC50 17.36 µg/ml). The antioxidant Activity in the
peel off gel facial mask sample of formula F1 (IC50 75.63 µg/ml) and formula F2 (IC50 50.71
µg/ml) was strong, and for formula F3 was Very strong (IC50 21.44 µg/ml).
6. Wiwat Pichayakorn et al, (2013) - The aim of this research was to develop the peel-
off mask in paste form which can be applied to the face and then formed removable thin
film. Deproteinized natural rubber latex (DNRL) from Heveabrasiliensis was used as the
major film former. After deproteinization by alcalase enzyme treatment, the protein amount
was 0.257% that reduced from the initial amount of 1.531%. The appropriate types and
amounts of additives were studied by optimization design. The product compatibility and

18
Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

stability was evaluated. The addition of active ingredients for skin nourishing was also
investigated. The suitable formulation composed of DNRL, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and
methylcellulose (MC) as film formers, propylene glycol (PG) and glycerin as plasticizer,
Tween 80 as stabilizer, Paraben concentrate as preservative, and other active ingredients
including tocopherol acetate, aloe vera, jojoba oil, and tamarind extract. The product was white
viscous paste with the pH of 5.69, viscosity of 28,100 cps as pseudoplastic flow behavior, and
stable when kept in well-close container at room temperature for more than 1 month.
7. Julia Macedo Rosa et al, (2013)- This article describes the optimization of a peel-off
facial mask formulation. An investigational carried out on the parameters of the formulation
that most affect the desirable characteristics of peel-off facial masks. Cereal alcohol had a
significant effect on the drying time at concentrations of 1–12% (w/w). The applicability of
the evaluated formulations was influenced by both carbomer (0–2.4%; w/w) and polyvinyl
alcohol (PVA; 2.5–17.5%; w/w) content due to their ability to alter the formulation viscosity.
Inverse concentrations of carbomer and PVA led to formulations with optimum viscosity for
facialapplication. Film-forming performance was influenced only by the PVA concentration,
achieving maxi-mum levels at concentrations of around 11% (w/w). The optimized
formulation, determined mathematically, contained 13% (w/w) PVA and 10% (w/w) cereal
alcohol with no addition of carbomer. This formulation provided high levels of applicability
and film-forming performance, the lowest drying time possible and excellent homogeneity
of the green clay particles and aloe vera before and after drying. The preliminary stability
study indicated that the optimized formulation is stable under normal.
8. Miss Telange Patil P.V et al, (2022) -Now a day, human skin has become more sentient
for faster aging atopic dermatitis, acne and many more Skin related problem, which mainly
arise due to increased pollution, allergy, microbes, etc. Acne and dull skin are the Common
problem arising ujj in various people .Natural remedies are more acceptable in the belief that
they are safer with Fewer side effects than the synthetic ones. Herbal formulations have
growing demand in the world market. The Ingredient have been reported in this research paper
having good anti – inflammatory , anti – oxidants and anti – Microbial activity . All the
constituents are dried powdered and passed through sieve no.100. The face pack were prepared
and evaluated for various parameters like color, appearance, pH, consistency, wash Ability,
antimicrobial activity.
9. Sachin B. Somwanshi et al, (2017)-The objective of this work is to formulate and
evaluate a cosmetic herbal face pack for glowing skin by using natural ingredients. With the

19
Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask
Varying Concentrations, four different formulations containing ingredients such as
multanimitti, turmeric, aloe vera, sandal wood, orange peel, neem and Nutmug; were
prepared named as F1 to F4. All prepared formulations were evaluated by different
parameters like organoleptic properties and Physico-chemical parameters and stability along
with irritancy test and microbial load. Among all formulation, F2 was found to be good in
physical Parameters, free from skin irritation and maintained its consistency even after
stability storage conditions and also having microbiological stability.
10. Youstiana Dwi Rusita et al, (2022)- peel-Off face mask is one of the cosmetics that is
used to treat skin from free radicals. Coffee (Coffea arabica) contains chlorogenic, ferulic,
caffeic, and n-coumaric acids which can be useful as antioxidants. Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
contains curcumin, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The purpose of
this study is to evaluate the quality parameters and analyzed the antioxidant activity of peel-
off masks containing coffee (Coffea arabica) and turmeric (Curcuma longa). This research has
made 3 mask formulas, each of which contains coffee and turmeric. The formula made was
a combination of coffee and turmeric with a ratio of each formula F1 (10:0), F2 (5:5) and F3
(0:10). The result of organoleptic parameters for F1 was dark brown with coffee aroma and
consistency like gel, F2 wasyellowish-brownn with spiced coffee aroma and consistency like
gel and F3 was yellow with turmeric aroma and consistency like gel. The result of the
homogeneity test of all formulasmula was homogeny.
11. Nidhi Asthana1 et al, (2021) - emerging herbal product ‗Aloe vera‘ is most widely utilized
for skin treatments due to its gel-components of the plant are known to heal the skin from a
variety of minor ailments. In dept experimental attempts with Aloe vera (AV), MMT (Clay)
and PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol) blend gel were prepared using the solution cast method. AV is
very versatile plant, and its benefits are well known. MMT have gained popularity for internal
and external detoxification. PVA is biodegradable material which is generally defined as the
polymer which decomposes in the environment friendly atmosphere. The applicability of the
evaluated formulations was influenced by the polyvinyl alcohol content due to their ability
to alter the formulation viscosity. Their properties, relating mechanism and corresponding
applications were deeply investigated. Significant formulation provided exclusive levels of
applicability as well as thin-film forming performance, the minimum bare time possible and
admirable homogeneity of the green-clay particles and aloe vera on or before dehydrating.
12. Rini Tri Hastuti et al, (2021) - Apple is a plant that has the potential of antioxidant activity.
Apples contain antioxidants which are good for skin health. Green apples contain lots
of

20
Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

vitamins, such as vitamins A, B, C, minerals, and fiber. Peel-off gel mask is a skin care
cosmetic preparation in gel form and after being applied to the skin for a certain time until it
dries, this preparation will form a transparent, elastic film layer, so that it can be peeled off.
The peel off mask product from green apple extract is expected to be useful in preventing aging
because it can function as an antioxidant. This study used an experimental method from gel
mask formulation with juice and ultrasonic extraction of green apple fruit. Each peel-off gel
base mask is added with 2 g of green apple juice extract and 2 g of green apple maceration
extract. Then stir until homogeneous. The peel off mask was tested for antioxidant activity by
Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry with the DPPH method.
13. Anakha Narayanan et al, (2022) - Skin health is important in providing an aesthetic
appeal and also in personal health. Facial cosmetics keep skin hydrated and remove sebum
and impurities from skin thus maintaining proper skin health. Cosmetics intended especially
for facial application protects the facial skin, which can be cream, lotion, face mask etc. The
use of suitable face masks according to the facial skin types result in healthy skin. Hydrogels
have high-water content and their hydrophilic base creates a matrix to the skin, thus allows
high efficacy in delivering active ingredients into the skin, thus suitable as facial mask
ingredient. Caffeine hydrogel face mask containing caffeine and sodium alginate can be useful
for multi-purpose. In this study 1.5% caffeine was formulated with a concentration of 4%
sodium alginate to form the hydrogel face mask. Caffeine is being increasingly used in
cosmetics due to its anti-aging, anti-oxidant and wound healing properties. It helps protect cell
against UV radiation and slows down the process of photo aging. The physical stability of
hydrogel face mask was evaluated by organoleptic observation, viscosity, pH, spread ability,
hydrogel mask acidity and drying time measurements. The results showed that the hydrogel
face mask remained stable in color and odor for 12 weeks.
14. Reny Eka Evi Susanti et al, (2020)The peel-Off gel mask is one of the unique
characteristic forms of the mask that will form an elastic transparent film layer. It can be
removed without rinsing after drying and leaving no residue. The manufacture of masks using
natural material is better than synthetic materials as it can cause side effects and damage the
natural shape of the skin. One of the natural materials that can be used as a natural ingredient
mask is the PaederiaFoetida leaf. PaederiaFoetida leaf contains antioxidants beneficial as the
antidote to free radicals. One of the antioxidants contained in the PaederiaFoetida is a
flavonoid compound. The research aimed to determine the best concentration of
PaederiaFoetida leaf extract in the formulation of pell off gel masks with high antioxidant

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

activity. The research method consists of preparing the sample by macerating PaederiaFoetida
leaf powder using ethanol. Making peel-off gel mask organoleptic test, pH, Homogeneity,
stability, Drying, and dispersibility—antioxidant activity test by using DPPH with expressed
as IC50 concentration. The Result of the research is that PaederiaFoetida leaf extract can be
formulated into a peel-off gel mask stock.
15. Elsa Fitria Apriani et al, (2022) - Banana peel (Musa paradisiaca L) contains flavonoid
compounds which act as an antioxidant. It has the potential to be developed into cosmetic
preparations such as peel-off gel masks. This study aims to determine how variations in the
concentration of banana peel flour, PVA, and gelatin affect the physical properties of peel-
off gel masks and their antioxidant activity. This study used a factorial design of 23 in which
the factors used are the concentration of banana peel flour, PVA, and gelatin with two levels.
Based on the data analysis result, there was a significant effect of each factor and the
interaction between them on the spread ability and drying time of the preparation The
concentration ratio of banana peel flour, PVA, and gelatin of 5:12:5 was chosen as the
optimum formula and continued to antioxidant activity test compared to F4 which had a ratio
of concentrations of banana peel flour, PVA, and gelatin of 10:14:3. The antioxidant activity
produced by the optimum formula was better than F4 with IC50 values of 525.41 and 355.64
ppm, respectively. It can be concluded that improving the dosage formula will affect the
active substance's activity, but it would be preferable if the banana peel was prepared as an
extract.
16. Patihul Husni et al, (2019)- Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is one of the plants
that rich in antioxidant compound. Antioxidant is a compound that can inhibit the skin aging
process because of photoaging. The aim of this study was to formulate peel-off gel mask
containing mung bean (Vigna Radiata (L.) Wilczek) extract using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
as a base of mask and Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) as a viscosity increasing
agent and to determine the antioxidant activity of the peel-off gel mask. Antioxidant activity
was tested using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrilhidrazil) assay. Mung bean was extracted by
maceration method using ethanol 96%. The concentration of mung bean extract in the peel-
off mask gel was 4% w/w and variant concentration of PVA were 5% (F1), 7.5% (F2), 10%
(F3) w/w. The evaluations were organoleptic, pH, viscosity, drying and film forming, and gel
spreadness.
17. Mr. Umakant Sharma et al, (2022) - The review's goal is to make and survey a drug gel
made of both normal and counterfeit polymers. Gel measurements structures function

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

admirably as medication conveyance techniques since they accommodate exact medication

discharge control and natural security for the drugs. Various physicochemical parts of the gel
that influence its attributes are likewise explored. We have accumulated sources from recently
distributed examination and survey articles. We gathered data from 20-25 papers. Drug gel is
surveyed for its capacity to gel, for its solidarity, for its bio adhesion, for its spread ability, for
microbiological research, and for in vitro discharge. Because of our exploration, we have
arrived at the resolution that skin medicine conveyance is an engaging procedure for both
nearby and foundational medicines and is regularly utilized in the administration of
provocative ailments such dermatological illnesses and outer muscle wounds. The perils
associated with the different conditions of retention, for example, pH changes, the presence of
proteins, and gastric exhausting time, are kept away from by effective arrangement, alongside
the dangers and burdens of intravenous treatment and gastrointestinal infections. Furthermore,
the medication has a higher bioavailability and acts at the activity site right away.
18. M.Krishna Pillai et al, (2023) - The present study involves the formulation and evaluation
of the herbal peel off gel mask. In our research, herbal ingredients such as Neem, Turmeric,
Green tea, Rose petal, Cabbage, Manjishta were used due to their Anti-acne properties. The
peel-off mask can be used as the remedy to treat facial skin related problems such as acne,
dark skin, wrinkles etc. Most of the peel-off masks are prepared by polymers which can form
thin layer on skin. They are available in gel form. Dead skin can be removed by applying peel-
off mask. Six formulation batches i.e. F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 and F6 were prepared and evaluated
for various parameters like color, odor, consistency, washability, Homogeneity, pH and
spread ability. Further, the peel off gel masks for each batch were also prepared by drying
them and evaluated for their peeling time. The pH of formulation of all six batches ranges
from 6.8 to 7.14 respectively. Based on the evaluation of F1 formulation showed good spread
ability, good consistency, Homogeneity, Appearance, Ph .The formulation F1 shows the best
Anti- acne property during the study. Thus, this peel-off gel formulation could be the safe
and efficacious remedy for treating these dermatological disorders and could be the safe
alternative to synthetic anti-acne gels.
19. Sani Ega Priani et al, (2019) - The bark of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) contains
cinnamaldehyde and other active substances with potent antioxidant properties. Antioxidants
are effective at preventing and reducing UV-induced skin damages and skin aging. This study
was intended to formulate and characterize the antioxidant peel-off facial masks containing
cinnamon bark extract and the combination of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydroxypropyl

23
Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask
methylcellulose (HPMC) as gelling agents. The cinnamon bark extract exhibited a very strong
antioxidant activity, as evidenced by IC50= 10.04 ± 0.08 ppm. As for the formulated peel-off mask,
it had excellent physical characteristics, which were identified during organoleptic observations and
pH, viscosity, spread ability, and film drying time evaluations. Similar to its constituent extract, this
mask produced significantly potent antioxidant effects, with IC50=
47.31 ± 1.47 ppm. For these reasons, peel-off facial masks containing cinnamon bark extract
have not only excellent physical characteristics but also powerful antioxidant property.
20. Ismet kaya et al, (2023) - Skin needs care to protect against environmental pollution. The
facial skin can be protected such as cream, peel off mask and lotion facemask. This study aim
is to develop the antibacterial peel-off mask gel containing St. John's Wort Oil (Hypericum
perforatum oil). Methods This peel-off gel mask consists of ascorbic acid, polyvinyl alcohol
(PVA, as preservative), polyethylene glycol (peg), glycine (as plasticizer), polysorbate (tween
twenty, as stabilizer), ethanol and distilled water with the addition of St. John's Wort Oil and
active carbon. The peel-off physical properties (homogeneity, spread ability, viscosity, film-
drying time), chemical properties (pH value, stability and antibacterial activity properties)
were examined. Using of an active ingredient in peel off mask, it strengthens the role of peel
off mask by opening the clogged pores. Activated carbon was added to this formulation as
an active ingredient due to its adsorbent activity. In this present study, activated carbon was
obtained from pinecone.
21. Mamatha G. T. et al, (2022) - The peel-off gel formulation is being prepared in order to
save the skin from external environment as well as to reduce the acnes and blemishes from
skin surface. Also, to treat the oily skin, so that the skin can take more clear, beautiful and oil
free. The most common skin problems among youngsters, usually 18-25 years of age acne and
oily skin. The present work deals with the development and evaluation of the topical peel-
off mask containing a single herbal drug that is gram flour and excess chemical reagents such
as polymers example polyvinyl alcohol Carbopol and sodium. Also, excess chemicals like
triethanolamine, talcum powder and preservatives are worn in the gel formulation. Three
formulation batches that is F1, F2 and F3 were prepared and evaluated for variables like color,
odor, consistency, washability, pH and spread ability. Amongst all the formulations studied,
batch F2 was found optimum for all the parameters. The gram flour powder used in this peel-
off gel formulation have been reported in the literature for its activity against skin problems.
22. Sweta V. Kulkarni et al, (2019) -Skin is a very sensitive and protective layer of the human
body which is exposed to environmental pollution hence, it is very essential to protect the skin.
The facial skin can be protected by applying various cosmetics intended specially for facial

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

application, It can be a cream, lotion face mask or peel off mask etc. Peel off mask is the type
of dosage form which is gently applied onto the facial skin surface and is peeled off after few
minutes of its application. It is used as the remedy to treat facial skin related problems such as
wrinkles, ageing, acne and mainly used to open the closed pores due to deposition of dust. Its
main role is to Stimulate the metabolism due to its occlusive effect. Activated charcoal is being
added as an active ingredient in this formulation. The most important characteristic of an
activated carbon is its adsorbent activity. Using it as an active ingredient in peel off mask, it
adds to its value by enhancing the role of peel off mask by absorbing dust particles and opening
the clogged pores. Literature survey reveals many papers related to formulation of herbal peel
off masks, but no any reported paper was found on Activated Charcoal peel off mask. In this
paper, we have formulated Activated Charcoal peel off mask and Evaluated it by using various
tests methods.
23. Husnul W Suherman et al, (2021) -Skin needs care to avoid premature aging. One of
them is treatment with natural-based masks that have antioxidant activity. This study aims to
see the antioxidant potential of various concentrations of natural ingredients yogurt and
seaweed Eucheuma cottonii as active substances in the manufacture of peel-off gel masks. The
method used in this research is the fermentation method for making yogurt, stability test for
28 days at room temperature and antioxidant test with DPPH, to determine the antioxidant
power of the five variations of the mask formulation by measuring the IC50 value obtained
by reading the absorbance with UV Spectrophotometer -Vis. The results obtained from this
study are Formula 4 (F4) has the lowest IC50 value of 18.647 where the IC50 value can be
categorized as an antioxidant with very strong strength. The results of the stability test can
be stated that the preparation remains stable at room temperature storage for 28 days. The
conclusion from the results of this study is that F4 (yogurt: seaweed 1:1) has the highest
antioxidant activity strength among other formulations.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

3. AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of Peel-off face masks offers the advantage of easy application & removal, which
makes them convenient for consumers. They provide immediate visible results like smoother
& clean skin without impurities, reduced pore appearance, acne & allergy prevention, and a
refreshed complexion, which appeals to consumers looking for instant gratification.

Aim to leading manufacturers in the industry are substantially investing in R&D to introduce
new & improved peel-off face mask innovations & formulations like organic & organic

ingredients, anti-aging properties, and customization for different skin types, thereby
expanding their product offerings and attracting a large pool of consumers.

Peel-off masks work by penetrating deep into your pores and gently removing the dead cells
in the outermost layer of your skin, along with any impurities sitting over it. Removing dirt,
bacteria, debris, and overall impurity is essential to have balanced, toned, healthier skin. This
is where peel-off masks shine. These masks spread across your face evenly, covering all the
area most affected by exposure to the environment, including UV light and pollution.
Hence, in these present research investigation attempts was made to formulate and evaluate the
cosmetic preparation peel off face mask.

Objectives –
1. Formulation of different concentration of peel off face gel mask.
2. Evaluation of peel off face gel mask.

4. PLAN OF WORK

a. Literature review

b. Drug Selection

c. Excipient Selection

d. Formulation of peel Off Gel Face Mask

e. Evaluation Of Peel Off Gel Face Mask

 Organoleptic Characteristics
26
Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask
 Appearance

 Thickness

 Uniformity

 Homogeneity Test

 Determination Of PH Value

 Spread ability of Gel

 Film Drying Time

 Viscosity

 Stability Test

27
Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

5. DRUG PROFILE

5.1 Coffee - Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system (CNS), heightening alertness,
and sometimes causing restlessness and agitation. It relaxes smooth muscle, stimulates the
contraction of cardiac muscle, and enhances athletic performance. Caffeine promotes gastric
acid secretion and increases gastrointestinal motility.
Molecular Formula - C8H10N4O2
Synonyms - caffeine ,58-08-2 ,Guaranine , 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine , Methyltheobromin.
Molecular Weight - 194.19 g/mol

Structure -

Description- Caffeine appears as odorless white powder or white glistening needles, usually
melted together. Bitter taste. Solutions in water are neutral to litmus. Odor less. (NTP, 1992)
Caffeine is a trimethyl xanthine in which the three methyl groups are located at positions 1, 3,
and 7. A purine alkaloid that occurs naturally in tea and coffee. It has a role as a central nervous
system stimulant, an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor, a
adenosine receptor antagonist, an EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein
kinase) inhibitor, a ryanodine receptor agonist, a fungal metabolite, an adenosine A2A
receptor antagonist, a psychotropic drug, a diuretic, a food additive, an adjuvant, a plant
metabolite, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic, a human blood serum metabolite, a
mouse metabolite, a Gero protector and a mutagen. It is a purine alkaloid and a trimethyl
xanthine. Caffeine is a drug of the methylxanthine class used for a variety of

28
Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

purposes, including certain respiratory conditions of the premature newborn, pain relief, and
to combat drowsiness. Caffeine is similar in chemical structure theobromine . It can be sourced
from coffee beans, but also occurs naturally in various teas and cacao beans, which are
different than coffee beans. Caffeine is also used in a variety of cosmetic products and can be
administered topically, orally, by inhalation, or by injection.

Figure no.08 Coffee beans

Benefits of coffee for the skin –

1. Excellent exfoliator
Coffee is a wonderful face scrub since it exfoliates the skin. ―It gently exfoliates the skin cells
and removes impurities, leaving the skin smooth and refreshed,‖ Dr Kapoor explains.
Moreover, it can help enhance the look of cellulite and tighten your skin.

2. Make skin glow

A coffee mask reduces skin inflammation and enhances blood circulation, which tightens
blood vessels and gives the skin a more radiant and brighter glow. It also minimizes the signs
of fatigue.

3. Prevent skin ageing

Coffee is high in antioxidants such as phenols, which help fight free radicals and protect the
skin from damage. As a result, fine lines, wrinkles, and saggy skin can be avoided. In fact, the
antioxidants in coffee can help fight acne, increase collagen formation, and minimize hyper-
pigmentation.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

4. Reduce dark circle Coffee is also known for its ability to moisturize, heal, and strengthen skin
tonality. It is, in fact, an instant remedy for puffy eyes and is great for treating dark circles.

5. Reduces skin inflammation

Coffee scrubs reduce stretch marks and cellulite temporarily and give skin a smoother
appearance.
5.2 Turmeric –
Curcumin is a yellow polyphenolic pigment from the Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) rhizome,
has been used for centuries for culinary and food coloring purposes, and as an ingredient for
various medicinal preparations, widely used in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine. In recent
decades, their biological activities have been extensively studied. Thus, this review aims to
offer an in-depth discussion of curcumin applications for food and biotechnological industries,
and on health promotion and disease prevention, with particular emphasis on its antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective effects.
Bioavailability, bio efficacy and safety features, side effects, and quality parameters of
curcumin are also addressed. Finally,

STRUCTURE -

Molecular Formula - C21H20O6

Synonyms -curcumin , 458-37-7 , Diferuloylmethane , Natural yellow 3 , Indian saffron

Molecular Weight - 368.4 g/mol

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

Figure no. 09 Turmeric powder

Description - Curcumin, also known as diferuloylmethane, is an active component in the
golden spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) and in [Curcuma xanthorrhiza oil]. It is a highly
pleiotropic molecule that exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antioxidant,
wound-healing, and antimicrobial activities. Due to these properties, curcumin has been
investigated for the treatment and supportive care of clinical conditions including proteinuria,
breast cancer, multiple myeloma, depression, and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).
Despite proven efficacy against numerous experimental models, poor bioavailability due to
poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and rapid systemic elimination have been shown to limit
the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin. Curcumin is under investigation for the treatment and
supportive care of various clinical conditions including mucositis, rectal cancer, prostate
cancer, chronic schizophrenia, and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).

Uses of Turmeric :-

It can heal wounds- The curcumin found in turmeric can help wounds heal by decreasing
inflammation and oxidation. It also lowers the response of your body to cutaneous wounds.
This results in your wounds healing more quickly. Studies have found that turmeric can
positively affect tissue and collagen as well. The journal Life Sciences recommends applying
curcumin as an optimized formula to best work on skin wounds.

It can help your psoriasis- The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities of turmeric may
help your psoriasis by controlling flares and other symptoms. The National Psoriasis
Foundation states that you can use it as a supplement or by adding it to food. Before you try
it, the foundation recommends discussing proper dosage with a professional.

It may help with acne scarring- You may want to try a turmeric face mask to help reduce
acne and any resulting scars. The anti-inflammatory qualities can target your pores and calm
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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

the skin. Turmeric is also known to reduce scarring. This combination of uses may help your
face clear up from acne breakouts.

It has been linked to scabies treatment - In an early study conducted in India, a combination
of turmeric and neem, a plant native to India, was effective in treating scabies. Scabies is a
condition caused by microscopic mites that leave a rash in the skin.

6.Excipient profile –

6.1 Hydroxylpropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC)

 Chemical structure HPMC -

Description :-
HPMC is a water soluble nonionic cellulosic polymer in which some of the hydroxyl
groups are substituted with methoxy and hydroxypropyl groups. As a binder, HPMC is used
at the concentration of 2%–5% w/w, however, it has been commonly used as tablet film coating
polymer. The polymer chain length, size and degree of branching determine the viscosity of
the polymer in solution. In general, a tablet film coating requires low viscosity polymers. Using
low viscosity polymers, the solid content in the coating formulation can be increased with a
lesser amount of water, which can increase coating speed and efficiency. HPMC has many of
the desired coating polymer properties. It provides aqueous soluble films; easy processing
because of its non tacky nature; a transparent, tough, and flexible film that protects fragile
tablets; improved appearance; and resistance to abrasion. The higher viscosity grades of HPMC
provide film with good tensile strength, but their films have poor adhesion to the core surface
and can easily peel off the tablet surface. When used alone, HPMC has the tendency to bridge
or fill the de bossed tablet surfaces Different grades of HPMC are available according to their

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask
particle size distribution, viscosity, molecular weights, and substitution ofmethoxy and
hydroxypropyl groups. Because water penetration affects drug release and dissolution, not
only the hydroxypropyl group and the degree of substitution but also the substitution pattern
affects the release and dissolution. Heterogeneity in the substitution pattern alters the release
of the polymer because of hydrophobic interactions between the substituent, and a subsequent
drug release alteration.

6.2 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

Which is essentially made from polyvinyl acetate through hydrolysis is easily degradable by
biological organisms and in water is a solubilized crystalline structure polymer. PVA is an
artificial polymer that has been used during the first half of the 20th century worldwide. It has
been applied in the industrial, commercial, medical, and food sectors and has been used to
produce many end products, such as lacquers, resins, surgical threads, and food packaging
materials that are often in contact with food.
PVA is a biodegradable imitation of natural polymers used in paper coating and textile sizing.
This polymer is widely used by blending with other polymer compounds, such as biopolymers
and other polymers with hydrophilic properties; it is utilized for various industrial applications
to enhance the mechanical properties of films because of its compatible structure and
hydrophilic properties. Some man-made polymers, which are made from non-renewable and
non-biodegradable sources, such as PVA, are available. Polymers that are biologically
decomposable originate from petroleum-based synthetic materials, which decompose naturally
under aerobic (composting) or anaerobic (landfill) conditions. PVA is a widely used
thermoplastic polymer that is benign to living tissues, harmless, and nontoxic. This polymer is
widely investigated because of its use in cross-linked products and nano fillers, PVA is a
biodegradable polymer, and its degradability is enhanced through hydrolysis because of the
presence of hydroxyl groups on the carbon atoms.
Moreover, it is water-soluble and has a hydrophilic nature. Rates and environmental conditions
for degradation may vary for many polymers, such as PVA,these conditions include
composting in the presence of oxygen, underneath soil layers, in aqueous media, and even in
anaerobic circumstances. PVA is a major artificial polymer that has been available for more
than nine decades. PVA is synthesized through the saponification process of poly(vinyl
acetate) and has long been used by blending with other natural polymers because of its film-
forming features. The complete dissolution of PVA in water is bound by its intrinsic
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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

properties, which require the water temperature to be at ~100 °C with a holding time of 30
min. All PVA grades are hydrophilic and depend on certain factors, such as molecular weight,
element dimensions of distribution, and particle crystal structure. The resulting gel properties
have been reported in literature.

6.3 Polyethylene glycols

(PEGs) are products made of condensed ethylene oxide and water that can contain various
derivatives and have various functions. Because many PEG types are hydrophilic, they are
favorably used as enhancers of penetration, and used heavily in topical dermatological
preparations. PEGs, along with their many nonionic derivatives, are widely utilized in
cosmetic products as surfactants, emulsifiers, cleansing agents, humectants, and skin
conditioners. Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) is a low-molecular-weight grade of
polyethylene glycol with a low-level toxicity. It is very hydrophilic, which renders it a useful
ingredient in drug formulations to augment the solubility and bioavailability of weakly water-
soluble drugs. It is used in ophthalmic solutions for the relief of burning, irritation and/or
discomfort that follows dryness of the eye. PEG "400" indicates that the average molecular
weight of the specific PEG is 400. PEGylation occurs when PEGs are attached to numerous
protein medications, allowing for greater solubility for selected drugs. Examples of PEGylated
medications are PEG-interferon alpha (Pegintron) and PEG-filgrastim. In addition, PEG is
available as a bowel preparation for colonoscopy procedures and as a laxative .

6.4 Methylparaben - Methylparaben is a 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the

formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the

most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several

fruits, particularly in blueberries. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antimicrobial food
preservative, a neuroprotective agent and an antifungal agent. Methylparabens are a type of
chemical that manufacturers often use as a preservative. People can add them to food,
cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals to increase shelf life and avoid bacterial and fungal
growth.Methylparabens belong to a group of chemicals known as parabens. These are
preservative ingredients that people have used for almost 100 years to prevent the growth of
fungi, bacteria, and yeast, which could cause products to spoil.Manufacturers often include
parabens in cosmetics, personal hygiene products, food, and pharmaceutical products.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

7. MATERIAL AND METHOD –

Material used in the preparation - Polyvinyl chloride, Hydroxyl-propyl-methyl-

cellulose, Poly ethylene glycol 400, Methylparaben ,Coffee, Turmeric, Ethanol, Distilled
water.

Table No. 01 - List of Chemicals Requirement

S.No. CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING

1. Coffee Nescafe

2. Turmeric Everest

3. HPMC Yellow chem product

4. PVA Yellow chem product

5. PEG 400 Loba chemie

6. Methylparaben Loba chemie

Table No. 02 Instrument and their Name

S. No. INSTRUMENTS MANUFACTURER

1. Magnetic stirrer Bionics S Technologies

2. Electronic balance Citizen India

3. Magnetic beat EI Instrument

4. Brookfield viscometer Gabbrielli Technology

5. Digital PH Meter Electronics India

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

8. Preparation of peel off face Gel mask

Face masks are a mixture of chemicals and other ingredients used on the face to give a
cleansing effect and a film feel. A peel off gel mask is one of the mask forms with a unique
character that will form an elastic transparent film layer . The benefit of a gel peel-off face
mask is to prevent facial skin from being dull, dry, and wrinkled and can shrink pores caused
by exposure to UV rays. Making cosmetics using natural ingredients is better than using
synthetic ingredients, which can cause side effects and damage the natural shape of the skin.
Natural ingredients used in making masks are plants containing antioxidants that can treat the
skin by preventing premature aging. Antioxidants are compounds that can ward off or reduce
the negative impact of oxidants in the body caused by free radicals .

Formulation Table

Formulation table as per the (W/V) % for 100ml. Quantity

Chemicals F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6

Coffee 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%

Turmeric 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%

PVA 6 8 10 12 14 16

HPMC 1 2 3 4 5 6

1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

PEG 400
% % % % % %

Ethanol 20 20 20 20 20 20

Distilled QS QS QS QS QS QS
water

36
Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

Procedure –

1. Weight all the ingredient in a appropriate Quantity .

2. Prepare 14% PVA solution in a 100 ml of beaker , PVA was dispersed in heated water (80
°C) used to produce the formulation. The dispersion was constantly homogenized until total
dissolution.

3. Take another 100 ml of beaker for preparation of HPMC solution. take 1.5 gm of HPMC
in a beaker dissolved in 30 ml of distilled water to make 5% solution of HPMC.

4. Mixed both solution of same quantity ( 10 ml of HPMC + 10 ml of PVA) untilled

homogenized mixture.

5. Added 1% coffee , 2%turmeric and methyl paraben(Quantity sufficient).

6. The solutions were mixed, then added with glycerin or PEG 400.

7. Mixed the preparation with glass rod for 15 mint and consistency of preparation like a Gel.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

9. EVALUATION PARAMETER OF PEEL OFF FACE MASK

The physicochemical evaluation tests performed were as follows:-

1. Organoleptic characteristics: Organoleptic properties were characterized on the basis of

parameters as color, odor and consistency by visual inspection. The uniformity in distribution
of colorant was also evaluated by spreading on a glass slide.

2. Homogeneity test: The homogeneity test was observed by applying the gel on transparent
glass. The developed formulations were tested for homogeneity by visual inspection after the
gel had been filled in the container. They were tested for their appearance and presence of any
aggregates.

3. Status of the peel-off film: After drying film was able to remove from the applied site and
it was soft to hard. Drying time took longer time (30-35 min). The drying time test was
performed by applying a mask on the back hand evenly. The time required for the preparation
to dry was counted by a stopwatch

4. Determination of pH value: 1.0 g gel was accurately weighed and dispersed in 100 ml
purified water. The pH of the dispersion was measured using Auto digital pH meter Labtronics
LT11, which was calibrated before use with standard buffer solution. The pH test results for
the peel-off gel mask stock are made to have a pH that matches the skin pH, namely 4.5-8.0.
F0 and F1 have a pH of 5, while the peel-off gel masks F2, F3, and F4 have a pH of 6. If the
pH of the stock is outside the pH interval, the skin is feared; it will cause scaly skin and even
irritation. Whereas if it is above the skin's pH, it can cause the skin to feel slippery, dry quickly
and can affect skin elasticity.

5. Viscosity: Viscosity was measured by using Brookfield DV- II+ Pro Viscometer using
spindle for the analysis viscosity. As the concentration of PVA increases, the viscosity of
preparation also increases. Viscosity in the peel-off mask gel is influenced by an increase in
gelling agent concentration. PVA has greater flexibility, tensile strength and hardness. This
causes greater binding and retention of the fluid by the gelling agent, thus, the viscosity of the
preparation increases.

.
38
Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

7. Film drying time: A modified in-vitro drying time evaluation technique was developed in
order to estimate the time taken for the formulations to dry completely. Approximately 2.0 g
of each formulation was spread over a glass plate of 60×60 mm forming a uniform mask layer
of 55.5 mg/cm2 with a thickness of approximately 2.0 mm. The glass plate was submitted to
a heated environment in the water bath (37.0 ± 2.0°C) in order to simulate skin temperature.
The formulations were monitored every 5 min, and the experiment only finished after the
surface of the mask had dried completely. The results were expressed as the mean of three
measurements. The formulation was also applied onto the skin of hands of 3 healthy volunteers
to confirm the results obtained from in-vitro test.

8. Spread ability: The two sets of glass plate of 20×20cm dimensions were taken ,0.5gm of
prepared gel formulation was applied over one of the slide. The other slide was placed over
the applied gel formulation.125gm weight was kept on the upper slide for 15 minutes. The gel
forms a thin layer between the two slides .The diameter of the circle formed due to the spread
of gel was measured

9. Thermodynamic stability study: This experiment was performed to observe the stress
effect and stability on formulations at low and high temperature of prepared peel off gel mask.
Refrigerator temperature (4°C) and accelerated temperature (40°C) with storage at each
temperature. The stability test was performed for not less than 24 hours.

39
Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

10. RESULT AND DISCUSSION -

1. Organoleptic properties –

Formulation Color Oduor Consistency

F1 Yellow Sweet Semi-solid

F2 Yellow Sweet Semi-solid

F3 Yellow Sweet Semi-solid

F4 Yellow Sweet Semi-solid

F5 Yellow Sweet Semi-solid

F6 Yellow Sweet Semi-solid

Table No. 01 for Organoleptic properties

2. pH of the Formulation -
Formulation F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
pH 5.34 5.30 5.23 5.19 5.11 5.05
Table No. 02 for pH

3. Homogeneity –

Formulation F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
Homogeneity Homo Homo Homo Homo Homo Homo

Table No. 03 Homogeneity

4. Drying Time –
Formulation F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
Drying time(min) 24 22 21 19 15 14
Table No. 04 Drying Time

40
Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

Figure no. 10 Film Drying status

5. Viscosity test –The viscosity was determine using Brookfield viscometer. Spindle No.
07 was used for the determination the viscosity. The viscosity of the gel formulation was
determined and it was found that the viscosity increases with decreasing rpm.
S.N. RPM F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
1 100 737 1200 1689 1821 2124 2278
2 50 867 987 1098 1234 1960 2398
Table no. 05 viscosity test

6. Spread ability -
Formulation F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
Spread ability(cm) 7 6.8 6.6 5.7 5 4.6
Table no. 06 spread ability test

7. Thermodynamic Stability Study –

Formulation F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
At 4℃ Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable

At 40℃ Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable

Table No. 07 Thermodynamic stability study

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Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

11. CONCLUSION
In this research total of 6 formulations were prepared with different concentration of PVA and
same concentration of HPMC. The Object of formulating peel off mask was found to
successful with good results. The peel off mask showed a good spread ability. The formulation
showed a good peel off property on human skin without causing skin irritation. The study also
revealed that the formulation is capable of enhancing the cleansing of the skin by removing
dead skin on the surface. The formulation was subjected to stability and thermodynamic
stability studies. Formulation contains turmeric and coffee which has effective on Anti-acne,
Anti-inflammatory, Anti-Tanning activity and also having property to treat oily skin and other
skin problems. it is being used in all sorts of beauty products from face masks to cleansers and
even soaps. It is suggested that the prepared peel-off mask gel formulation was physico-
chemically stable. The peel-off facial mask formulated from has excellent physical
characteristics, as evidenced by organoleptic observation and pH, viscosity, spread ability, and
film drying time evaluations. The formulation showed good stability results and was found to
be stable till 40℃.
From the present study it can be concluded that it is possible to develop peel off mask gel using
various herbal ingredients like Turmeric, Coffee. Anti-oxidant property of formulated peel off
mask gel has yet to be experimented and will be done in future.

42
Formulation and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Coffee Base Face Gel Mask

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