Universal Grammar Chart

What 's Grammar?

Why is this chart universal?

What are the differences in the following examples?

He showered vs He showers
Which is the verb and which is the subject?

and what about in the following examples?

Did he shower? vs Does he shower?
He didn’t shower vs He doesn’t shower
 Type of
sentence
Subject Verb
(DOER)
Essential
Essential

He showered
Affirmative
He showers
 Type of Time marker
sentence
Subject Verb Complementar
(DOER) y info.
Essential
Essential

He showered
Affirmative
He showers
I shower
 Type of Time marker
sentence
Subject Verb Complementa
(DOER) ry info.
Essential
Essential

He showered
Affirmative
He showers
Did He shower?
Interrogative
Does He shower?
 Type of Time marker Time marker
sentence
Auxiliary Subject Verb Complementary
¿INTERRO- (DOER) info.
GATIVE? Essential
Essential

He showered
Affirmative
He showers
Did He shower?
Interrogative
Does He shower?
 Type of Time marker Time marker Time marker
sentence
Subject ADVERB Verb Complementar
(DOER) of: y info.
-NEGATION Essential
Essential (NOT)
-Frequency

He showered
Affirmative
He showers
Did He shower?
Interrogative
Does He shower?

He didn’t (not) shower

Negative
He doesn’t (not) shower

Exercise 1: Analyze the following sentences in its three forms (Aff, int. neg.)
1 My dad works
2 My friends and I study
3 Birds fly
 Exercise 2: Reflect upon the following questions:

We’ve come to the conclusion that the sentence can have time markers in different places.
How can we tell where to look?
What’s the criteria to spot the part of the sentence that reflects the time / tense?
Type of Time marker Time marker Time marker
sentence
Subject ADVERB Verb Complementar
(DOER) of: y info.
-NEGATION Essential
Essential (NOT)
-Frequency

He showered
Affirmative
He showers
Did He shower?
Interrogative
Does He shower?

He didn’t (not) shower

Negative
He doesn’t (not) shower
 Type of Time marker Time marker Time marker
sentence
Subject ADVERB Verb Complementar
(DOER) of: y info.
-NEGATION Essential
Essential (NOT)
-Frequency

He showered
Affirmative
He showers
Did He shower?
Interrogative
Does He shower?

He didn’t (not) shower

Negative
He doesn’t (not) shower
Time marker Is the st. Is the st. Is the st.
There’s only Interrogative? Negative Affirmative?
ONE This is the This is the This is the
Per sentence Time M. Time M. Time M.
 Type of #1 FIRST #2 SECOND #3 THIRD
sentence Time marker Time marker Time marker

Subject ADVERB Verb Complementar

(DOER) of: y info.
-NEGATION Essential
Essential (NOT)
-Frequency

He showered
Affirmative
He showers
Did He shower?
Interrogative
Does He shower?

He didn’t (not) shower

Negative
He doesn’t (not) shower
Time marker Is the st. Is the st. Is the st.
There’s only Interrogative? Negative Affirmative?
ONE This is the This is the This is the
Per sentence Time M. Time M. Time M.
Homework:
Work on the following sentences in its three forms
 Type of -Wh #1 FIRST #2 SECOND #3 THIRD
sentence Question Time marker Time marker Time marker
words
What - Where Auxiliary Subject Auxiliary ADVERB Verb Complementar
When - How ¿INTERRO- (DOER) -NEGATION of: y info.
(old / much) GATIVE? ALSO -NEGATION Essential
Why - Who - Do = Actions Essential -Continuous (NOT)
Whose Be=description -Future -Frequency

Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

Time marker Is the st. Is the st. Is the st.

There’s only Interrogative? Neg or Contin.? Affirmative?
ONE This is the This is the This is the
Per sentence Time M. Time M. Time M.
 Type of -Wh #1 FIRST #2 SECOND #3 THIRD
sentence Question Time marker Time marker Time marker
words
What - Where Auxiliary Subject Auxiliary ADVERB Verb Complementar
When - How ¿INTERRO- (DOER) -NEGATION of: y info.
(old / much) GATIVE? ALSO -NEGATION Essential
Why - Who - Do = Actions Essential -Continuous (NOT)
Whose Be=description -Future -Frequency

Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

Time marker Is the st. Is the st. Is the st.

There’s only Interrogative? Neg or Contin.? Affirmative?
ONE This is the This is the This is the
Per sentence Time M. Time M. Time M.
 Type of -Wh #1 FIRST #2 SECOND #3 THIRD
sentence Question Time marker Time marker Time marker
words
What - Where Auxiliary Subject Auxiliary ADVERB Verb Complementar
When - How ¿INTERRO- (DOER) -NEGATION of: y info.
(old / much) GATIVE? ALSO -NEGATION Essential
Why - Who - Do = Actions Essential -Continuous (NOT)
Whose Be=description -Future -Frequency

Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

Time marker Is the st. Is the st. Is the st.

There’s only Interrogative? Neg or Contin.? Affirmative?
ONE This is the This is the This is the
Per sentence Time M. Time M. Time M.
 Type of -Wh #1 FIRST #2 SECOND #3 THIRD
sentence Question Time marker Time marker Time marker
words
What - Where Auxiliary Subject Auxiliary ADVERB Verb Complementar
When - How ¿INTERRO- (DOER) -NEGATION of: y info.
(old / much) GATIVE? ALSO -NEGATION Essential
Why - Who - Do = Actions Essential -Continuous (NOT)
Whose Be=description -Future -Frequency

Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

Time marker Is the st. Is the st. Is the st.

There’s only Interrogative? Neg or Contin.? Affirmative?
ONE This is the This is the This is the
Per sentence Time M. Time M. Time M.