DESIGN OF SOLAR BASED DATA LOGGER USING ARDUINO UNO

Mr.CH VISHNU CHAKRAVARTHI, Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Sanketika Institute

of Technology and Management, P.M.Palem,Visakhapatnam–530041, Andhra Pradesh, India

A.RAJESH ,B Tech Student, Department of EEE, Sanketika Institute of Technology and

Management, P.M.Palem,Visakhapatnam–530041, Andhra Pradesh, India

K.V.S.S.VARMA, B Tech Student, Department of EEE, Sanketika Institute of Technology and

Management, P.M.Palem,Visakhapatnam–530041, Andhra Pradesh, India

M.PRAVEENKUMAR, B Tech Student, Department of EEE, Sanketika Institute of Technology and

Management, P.M.Palem,Visakhapatnam–530041, Andhra Pradesh, India

S.JASHMI SRIYA, B Tech Student, Department of EEE, Sanketika Institute of Technology and
Management, P.M.Palem, Visakhapatnam–530041, Andhra Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
Data logging are an important aspect in a
modern day measurement and Dataacquisitionistheprocessbywhicheve
instrumentation system. ntsintherealworldaresampled and
Almostalltheindustrialprocessrequiresdatalo translated into machine-readable
gging.Nowadays,cheapandfeasible solution signals. Data acquisition typically
of data logging in industrial and scientific involves
process is a difficult task with proprietary sensors,transmittersandotherinstruments
data logger. In this, we proposed the design tocollectsignals,waveformsetc.tobe
and development of data logger which processed and analyzed with a
provide the cheap and feasible solution for computer.
monitoring and recording the Thecomponentsofdataacquisitionsystem
voltage,temperature, and sincludeappropriatesensorsthat convert
humidityofPVsolarpanel.Thedesignedprotot any measurement parameter to an
ypedataloggerisbasedonArduinoUNOand electrical signal, which is acquired by
facilitatedthedataloggingonLCDorontheper dataacquisitionhardware.Acquireddataty
sonnelcomputer(PC).Remotemonitoringand picallyisdisplayed,analyzed,and
recordingofdataispossiblewiththisdatalogge storedonaPC.Adataloggerisanydevicetha
r.Thedesignofthisdataloggeriscompletely tcanbeusedtostoredata.Thisincludesman
based on the open source software and ydataacquisitiondevicessuchasplug
hardware devices instead of proprietary inboardsorserialcommunicationsystems
hardware devices and commercial software. whichuseacomputerasarealtimedatarecor
Measurement and monitoring of voltage, dingsystem. Analog-to-digital
temperature, and humidity of PV solar converters are among the most widely
panel and its logging on suitable electronic used devices for data
medium are smart features of this data acquisition.Digitalsystemsusebinaryvalu
logger. By using the embedded C es,butinthephysicalworldeverything
programme we will monitor the data on our iscontinuousi.e.,analogvalues.Temperat
PC. ure,pressure(windorliquid),humidity
and velocity arethephysical analog nals, usually in theformofvoltageor
quantities. Thesephysical quantities current. Thesesignals
areto be converted into digital values arethendigitized using an Analog-to-
for further processing. One such device Digital Converter (ADC) before
to convertthese physical quantities into being processed by a
electrical signals is sensor. Sensors for microcontroller
temperature, orcomputer.Theprocesseddatacanbed
pressure,humidity,lightandmanyothernat isplayedinrealtimeorstoredforfurther
uralquantitiesproduceanoutputthat is analysis.
voltageor current. The analog One critical component in DAQ systems
parameters are read by their respective is the voltage sensor, which is
sensors, converted into corresponding usedtomeasureelectricalpotentialdiffere
digital data using ADC and passed to ncesinacircuit.Voltagesensors playa key
the microcontroller. The controller role in monitoring and analyzing
finally displays these values on the PC electrical systems, ensuring accurate
or stores into a memory device. The data logging in applications such as
microcontroller continuously reads the battery monitoring, solar energy
values from ADC and displays the systems, and industrial automation. By
updated values on the PC/storage integrating a voltage sensor extension, a
device. Data acquisition (DAQ) is the DAQ system
process of sampling real-world physical caneffectivelymeasurevoltagefluctuatio
phenomena and converting them into ns,logpowerusage,andanalyzesystem
digital signals for processing, analysis, performance.
and storage. A typical DAQ system Themicrocontrollercontinuouslyreadsvo
consists of sensors, signal conditioning ltagevaluesfromtheADCand updates the
hardware, data on a PC or memory device. This
andadataacquisitiondevicethatinterfaces integration enables real-time
withacomputerfordatavisualization and monitoringandanalysis,makingvoltagese
storage. nsorsanessentialextensioninadvanced
DAQ applications, especially for solar-
based data logging systems.
1.1 NECESSITY:
The necessity of a solar-based data
logger with a voltage sensor extension
isevidentinitsabilitytoprovideefficient,re
al-timemonitoringandanalysisof
solar power systems. Solar panels
experience varying power outputs due
to environmental factors such as
sunlight intensity,temperature, and
Fig1.1Circuitdiagramofsolarbasedda shading; hence, continuous monitoring
talo In DAQ systems, sensors play a is essential for maintaining optimal
crucial role b converting physical efficiency. The integration of a voltage
parameterssuchastemperature,pressu sensor allows precise measurement of
re,humidity,andlightintoelectricalsig solar panel output, battery status, and
load conditions, ensuring better energy operational and maintenance costs.
management. By recording and storing 1.2 OBJECTIVES:
voltage fluctuations over time, the 1. Real-
system facilitates trend TimeMonitoringofSolarPowerOutpu
analysis,faultdetection,andpredictivemai t.
ntenance,helpingpreventpowerlosses 2. AccurateDataAcquisitionandLoggin
and ensuring the longevity of solar g
equipment. This project is especially 3. FaultDetectionandPredictiveMainte
valuable forremoteandoff- nance
gridsolarinstallations,wheremanualmoni 4. RemoteandUnattended Monitoring
toringisimpractical and costly. It helps 5. EnergyOptimizationandEfficiencyI
optimize battery performance by mprovement.
preventing overcharging and deep 1.3 THEME:
discharge, thus extending battery Themainthemeofthissolar-
lifespan and improving energy baseddataloggerusingamicrocontrollera
reliability. nd storage device is real-time
The data collected can be used for monitoring, efficient data acquisition,
performance evaluation, enabling users and storage of
tofine- solarpowersystemperformanceforoptimi
tunesolarsetupsformaximumefficiency. zationandanalysis.Thisprojectfocuses on
Additionally,integratingIoTand cloud- continuously tracking the voltage output
basedsystemsallowsforremotemonitorin of solar panels, converting analog
gandsmartenergymanagement, reducing signals into digital data using a
the need for on-site inspections. This microcontroller, and securely storing
project also finds applications in the data for future analysis. By
industrial and agricultural solar power integrating a voltage sensor, the system
setups, whereefficient energy utilization ensures accurate measurement of solar
is crucial for cost savings. From an power generation, battery status, and
academic perspective, it serves as an load conditions. The
excellent learning tool for students and storeddatahelpsinidentifyingperformanc
researchers, offering hands-on etrends,detectingfaults,andimproving
experience with data energy efficiency.
acquisition,renewable energy,and Additionally, this project emphasizes
embeddedsystems.Furthermore, remote monitoring, predictive
thislow-cost and scalable solution maintenance, and cost-effective energy
supports sustainability efforts by management by reducing the need for
promoting better manualinspections.WithpotentialIoTorcl
managementofrenewableenergyresource oudintegration,thesystemcanprovide
s,reducingdependencyonconventional real-time insights for large-scale or
energy, and contributing to remote solar installations. Ultimately,
environmental conservation. Ultimately, the project supports sustainability by
the solar- based data logger with a enhancing the reliability and usability
voltage sensor extension enhances the of solar energy while enabling better
reliability, efficiency, and usability of decision-making through data-driven
solar power systems while lowering analysis.
 extensive data collection for analysis.
II. LITERATURESURVEY
"Design of an Ultra-Low Powered Data-Logger
SOLARBASEDDATA LOGGER: for Stand-Alone PV
"An IoT Based Smart Solar Photovoltaic EnergySystems"AsifUrRehman,M.TariqIqbalY
Remote Monitoring System" Monika P. ear:2021Review:presents anopen-source,ultra-
Tellawar, Nilesh ChamatYear: 2019 Review: low-powereddataloggerforoff-
presents a low-cost, user- gridphotovoltaicenergy systems. Utilizing the
friendlydataloggerandmonitoringsystemdevelop deep-sleep mode of the ESP32-S2
edforpicosolarhome systems in rural areas. The microcontroller, the
system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller to systemlogsvoltage,current,andlightdatatoanexter
store monitoring parameterson nalmicroSDcard.It
amicroSDcardand displaythem on aBlynk App. offers real-time monitoring through a local web
Data can be downloaded directly from a portal and boasts an energy consumption of
webpage for analysis and system verification. 7.33mWh during deep-sleep mode.

"Design and Implementation of a "DevelopmentofaSolar-

Low-Cost Datalogger for Solar BasedTemperatureandRelativeHumidityData
IrradianceandPVModuleTemperature Logger" Ahmet Yaser Bayhan, Cihan Turhan
"EdicksonBoboYungho,Eustace Year: 2021Review: This study focuses on
Mbaka Nfah, Tchendjeu Achille designing a solar-powered data logger to
EcladoreTchahouYear: 2024 Review: measure indoor air parameters such as
This study introduces a cost-effective temperature and relative humidity. The system
datalogger that measures irradiance, aims to provide accurate data for calibrating
relative humidity, and module and energy simulation programs, addressing issues
environmental temperatures. It related to battery life and data loss in
employs a 50 W photovoltaic module conventional data loggers.
as an irradiance sensor, with LM35
and DHT22 sensors "Design of an Accurate, Low-Cost Autonomous
fortemperaturemeasurements.AnArduinoMega Data Logger for PV System
microcontrollerensuresdata MonitoringUsingArduino™thatComplieswithIE
storageevery4secondsfrom6a.m.to6p. CStandards" Not specified Year:2014 Review:
m.Thesystem'stotalcostis153.12 discusses the development of a data logger
euros. withcharacteristicssuchaslowcost,autonomywith
lowenergyconsumption,
"Development of an Inexpensive Data Logger andcompliancewithIECstandards.Thesystemuses
for Solar Water Heating System Regulators" easilyobtainedhardware
AitAhmedWassima,AggourMohammed,Ouham andfreesoftware,ensuringefficientdataacquisition
mou Badr Year: 2019Review: This paper androbustnessforoutdoor use
details the creation of a low-cost data logger
based on the Arduino platform to collect and
store data from Resol DeltaSol regulators in
solar water heating systems. The system allows
synchronized measurements with high
resolution, stored on an SD card, facilitating
 To protect the solar panels after processing, a
thin layer of cover glass is then bonded to the
top of the photovoltaic cell. After the bonding
of protective glass, the nearly-finished panel is
attached to a substrate by expensive, thermally
conductivecement.Thethermallyconductiveprop
ertyofthecementkeepthesolar
panelfrombecomingoverheated;anyleftoverener
gythatthesolarpanelisunable
toconverttoelectricitywouldotherwiseoverheatth
3.1 SOLARPANEL: eunitandreducetheefficiency of the solar cells.
Solar chargers convert light energy into DC Despite these protective measures against the
current. They are generally portable, but can tendency of solar
also be fixed mount. Fixed mount solar panelstooverheat,itisvitalthatwheninstallingasol
chargers are also known as solar panels.Solar arpanel,additionalsteps
panels are often connected to the electrical grid,
where as portable solar chargers as used off- should be taken toensure the solar
the-grid (i.e. cars, boats, or RVs). paneliskeptcool.Elevating the solar panel above
Although portable solar chargers obtain energy ground, to let the airflow underneath, will cool
from the sun only, they still can (depending on the device.
the technology) be used in low light (i.e. 3.1.2 AMORPHOUSSILICO
cloudy) applications. Portable solar charger are NSOLARPANELS
typically used for trickle charging, although Amorphous silicon solar panels are a powerful
some solar charger (depending on the wattage), that differ in output, structure and manufacture
can completely recharge batteries. than traditional photovoltaics which use
Solarpanels (arrays crystalline
ofphotovoltaiccells)makeuseof renewable silicon.Amorphoussiliconsolarcells,orA-
energyfrom the sun, and are a clean and sicells,aredevelopedinacontinuous roll-to-
environmentally sound means of collecting rollprocessbyvapor-
solar energy. depositingsiliconalloysinmultiplelayers,witheac
3.1.1 CRYSTALLINESILIC h extremely thin layer specializing in the
ONSOLARPANELS absorption of different parts of the solar
The creation of solar panels typically involves spectrum. The result is record-breaking
cutting crystalline silicon into tiny disks less efficiency and reduced materials cost (A- si
than a centimeter thick. These thin, wafer-like solar cells are typically thinner than their
disks are then carefully polished and treated to crystalline counterparts).
repair and gloss any damage from the slicing 3.2 SOLARPANELWORKIN
process.Afterpolishing,dopants(materialsaddedt G
oalteranelectricalchargeina semiconductor or Thesolar cellsonthe calculatorsand satellitesare
photovoltaic solar cell) and metal conductors alsocalled photovoltaic
are spread across each disk. The conductors are (PV)cells,whichasthenameimplies(photomeani
aligned in a thin, grid-like matrix on the top of ng"light"andvoltaicmeaning
the solar panel, and are spread in a flat, thin "electricity"),convertsunlightdirectlyintoelectric
sheet on the side facing the earth. ity.Amoduleisagroupofcells
connectedelectricallyandpackagedintoaframe(m heACvoltageorDCvoltage level. The input of
orecommonlyknownasasolar panel), which can this sensor is the voltage, whereas the output is
then be grouped into larger solar arrays. the switches, analog voltage signal, a current
signal, or an audible signal.

Sensors are devices that can sense or identify

Fig3.1SolarPanelOverview and react to certain types of electrical or optical
signals. The implementation of a voltage
Photovoltaiccellsaremadeofspecialmaterialscall sensor and current sensor techniques have
edsemiconductorssuch as silicon, which is become an excellent choice for the
currently used most commonly. Basically, conventional current and voltage measurement
when light strikes methods.
thecell,acertainportionofitisabsorbedwithinthes 3.4 TYPESOFVOLTAGESE
emiconductormaterial.This NSORS
meansthattheenergyoftheabsorbedlightistransfe A voltage sensor can determine, monitor, and
rredtothesemiconductor.The measure the supply of voltage. It can measure
energyknockselectronsloose,allowingthemtoflo the AC level and/or DC voltage level. The
wfreely.PVcellsalsoallhave one or more input to the voltage sensor is the voltage itself,
electric field that acts to force electrons freed and the output can be analog voltage signals,
by light absorption to switches, audible signals, analog current levels,
flowinacertaindirection.Thisflowofelectronsisa frequency, or even frequency-
currentandbyplacingmetal contacts on the top modulatedoutputs.Thatis,somevoltagesensorsca
and bottom of the PV cell, the current can be nprovidesineorpulsetrainsas output, and others
drawn off for can produce amplitude modulation, pulse width
externalusesuchastopoweracalculator.Thiscurre modulation, or frequency modulation outputs.
nt,togetherwiththecell's In voltage sensors, the measurement is based
on a voltage divider. Two main types of
voltage (which is a result of its built-in electric voltage sensors are available: capacitive type
field or fields), defines the power (or wattage) voltage sensor and resistive type voltage sensor
that the solar cell can produce.
3.4.1 CAPACITIVEVOLTA
3.3 VOLTAGESENSOR: GESENSOR:
VOLTAGE SENSOR: WORKING We know that a capacitor comprises of two
PRINCIPLE, TYPES conductors (or two plates); between these
&CIRCUIT DIAGRAM plates, a non-conductor is kept.That non-
conducting material is
VOLTAGESENSOR: termeddielectric.WhenanACvoltageisprovideda
A voltage sensor is a sensor used to calculate crosstheseplates, current will
and monitor the amount of start to pass due to either the electrons’
voltageinanobject.Voltagesensorscandeterminet attraction or repulsion via the opposite plate’s
voltage. The field among the plates will create
a complete AC circuit without any hardware Fig3.2CapacitiveVoltageSensor
connection. This is how a capacitor works.
Next, we can 3.4.2 RESISTIVEVOLTAGE
discussthevoltagedivisionintwocapacitorswhich SENSOR
areinseries.Usually,inseries circuits, high Two ways exist to convert the resistance of the
voltage will develop across the component with sensing element to the voltage. The first one is
high impedance. In the simplest method, which is to provide a
thecaseofcapacitors,capacitanceandimpedance( voltage to the resistor divider circuit comprised
capacitivereactance)arealways inversely of a sensor and a reference resistor, which is
proportional. represented below.
Therelationbetweenvoltageandcapacitanceis Q
→ Charge (Coulomb) The voltage developed across the reference
C→Capacitance (Farad) resistor or sensor is buffered and then given to
XC→Capacitivereactance(Ω) f → Frequency the amplifier. The sensor’s output voltage can
(Hertz) be expressed as This circuit’s drawback is that
From the above two relations, we can clearly the amplifier present will amplify the whole
state that the highest voltage will accumulate voltage developed across the sensor.
across the smallest capacitor. The capacitor However, it is better to amplify only the
voltage sensors work voltage change due to the change in the
basedonthissimpleprinciple.Considerwearehold sensor’s resistance, which is achieved by the
ingthesensorandthenplacing its tip near a live second method implementing the resistance
conductor. bridge, as shown below.
Here, we areinserting the sensing element of Here,theoutputvoltageis
high impedance into a series capacitive WhenR1=R,thentheoutputvoltagebecomesappr
coupling circuit. oximately A → Gain of instrumentation
Presently, the sensor’s tip is the smallest amplifier
capacitor coupled to the live δ→Changeintheresistanceofthesensor,
voltage.Thus,thewholevoltagewilldevelopacros whichisanalogoustosomephysical action
sthesensingcircuit,whichcan detect voltage, and Inthisequation,thegainmustbesethighbecauseonl
the light or buzzer indicator is turned on—this ythevoltagechange due to the change in the
is behind the non-contact voltage sensors you sensor’s resistance is being amplified.
use at home.
 balancingandpowermanagementinmodernsmartcities

.Overall,thissolutionrepresentsa
technologicallyadvancedapproachtomotorcontrol,offer
ingimprovedefficiency,automation, and
Fig3.3ResistiveVoltageSensor
sustainability.
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