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First published 2005 by Routledge
27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex, BN3 2FA
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
Ø 2005 Selection and editorial matter, Michael Stadter & David E. Scharff;
individual chapters, the contributors
Cover design by Sandra Heath
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
This publication has been produced with paper manufactured to strict
environmental standards and with pulp derived from sustainable forests.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Dimensions of psychotherapy, dimensions of experience : time, space,
number, and state of mind / edited by Michael Stadter and David E.
Scharff.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-58391-863-9 (hbk)
1. Psychoanalysis. 2. Time. 3. Spatial ability. 4. Mathematical
ability. 5. Consciousness. I. Stadter, Michael. II. Scharff, David E.,
1941±
RC506.D56 2005
616.89©17±dc22
2004030448
ISBN 0-203-44891-X Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 1-58391-863-9 (Print Edition)
Reflections on dimensions of
psychotherapy
Jill Savege Scharff
Please to remember
That inner and outer
Aren't places, they're just points of view
There's me and there's not-me
And who I appear to be,
False self belying the true
Please to re¯ect
On your self, and accept
All your parts, don't disintegrate yet
For all states of mind
Be they nasty or kind
Enrich your relational set
Please to agree
One is you, one is me
And the you that's in me is in you
So do take the trouble
To see that you're double
And one's the expression of two
Please to remember
The ®ction of number
Complex, simple, or prime
From one to seven
Start counting to heaven
While we are still here marking time
Contents
Notes on contributors xi
Acknowledgements xv
Introduction: Exploring the dimensions 1
MICHAEL STADTER AND DAVID E. SCHARFF
PART I
Time
Time, life and psychotherapy: an overview 7
MICHAEL STADTER AND DAVID E. SCHARFF
1 Time and the unconscious life-cycle 13
KENT RAVENSCROFT
2 Time-near and time-far: the changing shape of time in trauma
and psychotherapy 25
MICHAEL STADTER
3 Bad in®nity: narcissism and the problem of time 39
LESLIE A. JOHNSON
4 Time and endurance in psychotherapy 51
LEA SETTON AND JILL SAVEGE SCHARFF
PART II
Space
Spatial metaphor and spatial reality: an overview 61
MICHAEL STADTER AND DAVID E. SCHARFF
5 Right now I'm sitting in the bookshelf: patients' use of the
physical space in psychotherapy 67
GEOFFREY ANDERSON
viii Contents
6 Changing spaces: the impact of a change in the
psychotherapeutic setting 77
JUDITH M. ROVNER
7 Pandora in time and space 89
EARL HOPPER
8 Telephone, psychotherapy and the 21st century 105
SHARON ZALUSKY
9 Conquering geographic space: teaching psychoanalytic
psychotherapy and infant observation by video link 115
DAVID E. SCHARFF
10 Exploring space in workgroups 127
SUSAN E. BARBOUR
PART III
Number
Numbers in mind, numbers in motion: an introduction 139
DAVID E. SCHARFF AND MICHAEL STADTER
11 Number theory, intersubjectivity and schizoid phenomena 143
JAMES L. POULTON
12 Super-vision or space invader? Two's company and three
makes for paranoid tendencies 153
CARL BAGNINI
13 Four: on adding up to a family 165
CHRISTOPHER BOLLAS
14 Dynamic mathematics in mental experience. I: Complex
numbers represent psychic object relations 181
DAVID E. SCHARFF AND HOPE COOPER
15 Dynamic mathematics in mental experience. II: Numbers in
motion, a dynamic geography of time and space 195
DAVID E. SCHARFF AND HOPE COOPER
Contents ix
PART IV
State of mind
The fourth dimension: state of mind 209
DAVID E. SCHARFF AND MICHAEL STADTER
16 Chaos theory and object relations: a new paradigm for
psychoanalysis 211
DAVID E. SCHARFF AND JILL SAVEGE SCHARFF
17 Hideouts and holdouts 229
SHEILA HILL
18 Being and becoming 241
CHARLES ASHBACH
19 The use of the self revisited 253
THEODORE J. JACOBS
Epilogue 269
MICHAEL STADTER AND DAVID E. SCHARFF
Index 271
Notes on contributors
EDITORS
Michael Stadter, PhD is a clinical psychologist and a member of the faculty
and Board of Directors of the International Psychotherapy Institute
(formerly the International Institute of Object Relations Therapy) in
Chevy Chase, MD. He is also Clinical Psychologist-in-Residence in the
Department of Psychology at American University in Washington, DC,
and on the faculty of the Washington School of Psychiatry.
He is the author of a number of publications including the book,
Object Relations Brief Therapy: The Relationship in Short-term Work
(1996). His most recent publication is `The consultants as part of the
drama in a family business', in Self Hatred in Psychoanalysis: Detoxify-
ing the Persecutory Object (2003). Dr Stadter maintains a private practice
in Bethesda, MD, that includes long-term and brief psychotherapy as
well as clinical supervision and organizational consultation.
David E. Scharff, MD is Co-Director of the International Psychotherapy
Institute (formerly the International Institute of Object Relations
Therapy). He is Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the Uniformed
Services University of the Health Sciences and also at Georgetown
University. Dr Scharff is a Teaching Analyst at the Washington Psycho-
analytic Institute. He is a former president of The American Association
of Sex Educators, Counselors and Therapists (1988±1989), and former
Director of the Washington School of Psychiatry (1987±1994).
Dr Scharff's 15 books include The Sexual Relationship (1982),
Re®nding the Object and Reclaiming the Self (1992), Object Relations
Theory and Practice (1995), and Fairbairn: Then and Now (1998). He has
also written 50 articles and chapters and is widely sought as a lecturer on
the topics of family and couple theory, object relations theory, and
sexual development, disorders and their treatment. He maintains a
private practice in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy in Chevy Chase,
MD.
xii Notes on contributors
CHAPTER CONTRIBUTORS
Geoffrey Anderson, PhD is a Clinical Psychologist in private practice in
Omaha, NE. A fellow of IPI he is also a Lecturer in Psychiatry at
Creighton University and Director of the Center for Psychotherapy and
Psychoanalysis.
Charles Ashbach, PhD is a psychologist in private practice in Philadelphia.
He is a faculty member and the Director of the Philadelphia satellite of
IPI. He is author of several articles on object relations and narcissism
and co-author of the book, Object Relations, the Self and the Group: a
Conceptual Paradigm (1987).
Carl Bagnini, MSW, BCD is chair of IPI's Program on Child, Couple and
Family Therapy, and directs the Institute's Long Island Satellite Center.
He is also visiting faculty at the Suffolk Institute for Psychotherapy and
Psychoanalysis, and clinical faculty at the Postdoctoral Program in
Family Therapy of St John's University. His latest publication is `Object
relations stepfamily therapy: expanding the frame' (2004) in The Journal
of Advanced Psychoanalytic Studies. Mr Bagnini is in private practice in
Port Washington, NY.
Susan E. Barbour, EdD is a psychologist in private practice in Appleton,
WI, and is a graduate of IPI's Object Relations Theory and Therapy
Training Program.
Christopher Bollas is a psychoanalyst in private practice in London, and a
member of the Group of Independent Analysts of the British Psycho-
analytical Society. He is author of The Shadow of the Object (1987),
Forces of Destiny (1989), Being a Character: Psychoanalysis and Self
Experience (1992), Cracking Up: the Work of Unconscious Experience
(1995), The Mystery of Things (1999), several other books and numerous
articles. He is widely held to be among the most creative and in¯uential
psychoanalytic writers of our day.
Hope Cooper, MSW is a child psychotherapist in private practice in
Williamsburg, VA, and a fellow and member of the Board of IPI. Her
article, `The sibling link' was published in the International Journal of
Infant Observation (2003).
Sheila Hill, MSW is a clinical social worker in private practice in Chevy
Chase, MD. She is a faculty member of IPI and has taught at training
institutes in St Louis and Boston.
Earl Hopper, PhD is a psychoanalyst, group analyst and organizational
consultant in private practice in London. He is a supervisor and training
analyst for The Institute of Group Analysis, The British Association of
Notes on contributors xiii
Psychotherapists and The London Centre for Psychotherapy. Dr Hopper
is also an honorary tutor at The Tavistock and Portman NHS Trust and
a member of the faculty of the Post-Doctoral Program at Adelphi
University, New York. His most recent books are The Social Uncon-
scious (2003) and Traumatic Experience in the Unconscious Life of Groups
(2003).
Theodore J. Jacobs, MD is Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the Albert
Einstein College of Medicine and a training and supervising analyst at
the New York Psychoanalytic Institute and at the Psychoanalytic Insti-
tute at New York University. He is author of The Use of Self: Counter-
transference and Communication in the Analytic Situation (1991) and is
on the Editorial Board of Psychoanalytic Quarterly.
Leslie A. Johnson, PhD, LPC is in private practice in Charlottesville, VA.
She is a fellow of IPI and a contributor to the collection, Self-Hatred in
Psychoanalysis: Detoxifying the Persecutory Object (2003). Formerly a
teacher of Russian language and literature, she has written two studies
on Dostoevsky.
James L. Poulton, PhD is a psychologist in private practice, a faculty
member of IPI, and co-director of IPI's Salt Lake City Satellite Center.
He is also an Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Psy-
chology, as well as a Clinical Instructor in the Department of Psychiatry,
at the University of Utah.
Kent Ravenscroft, MD is Associate Clinical Professor at George
Washington and Georgetown University Medical Schools. Based on
work at the Tavistock Institute, he has recently co-edited two volumes
on eating disorders in children and adolescents. He currently lives in
Washington, DC, where he supervises and teaches on the faculty of IPI
and is in full-time private practice.
Judith M. Rovner, MSW is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at
Georgetown University, an adjunct faculty member of the Georgetown
University Counseling and Psychiatric Services, and a consultant faculty
member of the Clinical Social Work Institute. She is on the faculty of IPI
and is also Chair of Supervision and the Clinical Application Program.
She is in private practice in Chevy Chase, MD.
Jill Savege Scharff, MD is Co-Director of IPI, Clinical Professor of
Psychiatry, Georgetown University, Teaching Analyst at the Washing-
ton Psychoanalytic Institute, and Series Co-editor of the Library of
Object Relations at Jason Aronson. Her latest book co-edited with S.
Tsigounis is Self Hatred in Psychoanalysis: Detoxifying the Persecutory
Object (2003).
xiv Notes on contributors
Lea Setton, PhD is a faculty member of IPI, professor at the University
Santa Maria La Antigua and at the State University of Panama. She
practices individual, couple, and family therapy in Panama City.
Sharon Zalusky, PhD is a member of the California and Southern
California Psychoanalytic Societies and has written extensively on the
issues raised in the conduct of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis by
telephone.
Acknowledgements
First and foremost, we want to thank the authors of the chapters for their
wisdom, creativity and generosity. Without them, the book would only be
an internal object. Next, we are indebted to all of the authors' patients and
clients who have been co-creators in the therapy process. We also want to
express our enduring gratitude to the students, fellows and faculty of the
International Psychotherapy Institute (formerly the International Institute
of Object Relations Therapy) who for over 10 years have nurtured and
challenged our thinking and clinical work. We would particularly like to
acknowledge three people at IPI: Stan Tsigounis who hosted and co-chaired
the conference with us in Sarasota, FL, where most of the chapters were
initially presented and Anna Innes and Ana Granados who helped us with
the preparation of the manuscript.
We each have a few additional people that we want to thank. I (MS)
want to express my gratitude to my wife, Jane Prelinger, to the Albemarle
Psychoanalytic Study Group and to Dr Abigail Lipson and her staff at the
Counseling Center at American University for their professional and
creative help at various points in the project. I also want to give special
thanks to my family ± Jane, Greg, Chris, Joanna and Laura ± for their
support, good humor, and patience. I (DES) continue in my gratitude to Jill
Scharff for her wise support in this as in so many other projects. Hope
Cooper and I also thank Ross Skelton and Earl Hopper for critically
commenting on an early version of our two number chapters.
Lastly, we are very grateful to the editorial staff at Routledge, especially
Joanne Forshaw for her encouragement and promotion of the project,
Claire Lipscomb for her help in bringing the book to its completion and
ZoeÈ Smith and Imogen Burch, our production editors.
Michael Stadter, PhD
Bethesda, MD
David E. Scharff, MD
Chevy Chase, MD
May 2004
