Mekelle University

College of Social Science and Languages

Department of Geography and Environmental Studies

Geography for Remedial class

Instructions: For the Multiple-Choice Questions, select the correct answer and circle it.
1. What is erosion?
A) The process of plant growth
B) The transporting of weathered material by natural forces
C) The formation of new soil
D) The cooling of lava
2. Which of the following is NOT a major agent of erosion?
A) Wind
B) Water
C) Ice
D) Light
3. What are the three types of running water erosion?
A) Sheet, Rill, and Gully
B) Stream, Lake, and Ocean
C) Rain, Snow, and Ice
D) Flood, Drought, and Rain
4. In which stage of a river is the valley usually V-shaped and characterized by fast
flowing water?
A) Lower course
B) Middle course
C) Upper course
D) Delta stage
 5. What feature is formed when water flows over a hard rock and creates a sudden
drop?
A) Riverbed
B) Meander
C) Waterfall
D) Lagoon
6. What characteristic is typical of the middle course of a river?
A) Steep slopes
B) Narrow, deep valleys
C) Wide floored valleys with gentle slopes
D) Fast flowing streams
7. Which of the following features is formed due to meanders that have been
abandoned?
A) Levee
B) Delta
C) Ox-bow Lake
D) Beach
8. What type of coastal landform is created by the repeated action of waves on the
shore?
A) Lagoon
B) Spit
C) Beach
D) Sand dune
9. Which erosional feature refers to a small hill of sand formed by wind?
A) Barchan
B) Delta
C) Spit
D) Lagoon
 10. Which type of wind deposit is characterized as a fertile soil deposit in the desert?
A) Sand dune
B) Loess deposit
C) Barchan
D) Beach
11. at is the atmosphere?
A) The surface of the Earth
B) The layer of gases surrounding the Earth
C) A body of water in the sky
D) A type of weather phenomenon
12. What does climate refer to?
A) The conditions of the atmosphere in a single day
B) The average of atmospheric conditions over a long period of time
C) The temperature only in a specific location
D) Daily variations in wind speed
13. Which of the following is NOT an element of weather and climate?
A) Temperature
B) Humidity
C) Soil type
D) Wind
14. What is the primary heat source for the Earth and its atmosphere?
A) The Moon
B) The Earth’s core
C) The Sun
D) Volcanic activity
15. How does convection transfer heat in the atmosphere?
A) Through electromagnetic waves
B) By direct contact between materials
C) Due to differences in density in gases or liquids
D) By solar radiation only
16. What instrument is used to measure temperature?
A) Barometer
B) Anemometer
C) Thermometer
D) Hygrometer
17. Which type of rainfall occurs when moist air is forced to rise over mountains?
A) Cyclonic rainfall
B) Orographic rainfall
C) Convectional rainfall
D) Frontal rainfall
18. What is a rain gauge used for?
A) Measuring air pressure
B) Measuring wind speed
C) Measuring rainfall
D) Measuring temperature
19. What is the normal lapse rate?
A) 6.4°C per 1000 m increase in altitude
B) 1.5°C per 1000 m increase in altitude
C) 10°C per 1000 m increase in altitude
D) 5.0°C per 1000 m increase in altitude
20. What is an important characteristic of the tropical moist climate in the Koppen
classification?
A) Average temperature below 0°C
B) Average temperature above 18°C all year
C) Seasonal temperature variations
D) High levels of precipitation during winter
 21. Which type of climate classification system is based on the relationship between
vegetation and climate?
A) Greek system
B) Köppen system
C) Thornthwaite system
D) Koppen-Geiger system
22. What are isobars?
A) Lines connecting areas of equal temperature
B) Lines connecting areas of equal pressure
C) Lines showing wind direction
D) Lines showing rainfall distribution
23. What is climate change?
A) A short-term variation in weather
B) A long-term change in weather patterns
C) A natural occurrence with no human impact
D) A phenomenon only occurring in polar regions
24. Which of the following is a natural cause of climate change?
A) Deforestation
B) Industrial pollution
C) Continental drift
D) Excessive waste production
25. What human activity has been primarily responsible for increasing greenhouse gas
emissions?
A) Agricultural practices
B) Transportation
C) The burning of fossil fuels
D) Natural resource conservation
26. What gas is considered the most important greenhouse gas?
A) Methane (CH4)
B) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
C) Nitrous oxide (N2O)
D) Water vapor
27. Which of the following is a consequence of climate change?
A) Decreased biodiversity
B) Enhanced water availability
C) Cooling global temperatures
D) Stabilized weather patterns
28. What is global warming?
A) The cooling of Earth's surface temperatures
B) A gradual increase in average surface temperatures of the Earth
C) A phenomenon that only affects the atmosphere
D) A natural disaster caused by volcanic eruptions
29. What might happen as a result of rising sea levels due to climate change?
A) More biodiversity in coastal regions
B) Contamination of freshwater supplies in coastal areas
C) Expansion of agricultural land
D) Increase in land area
30. Which phenomenon might lead to droughts becoming more common in certain
regions?
A) Increased rainfall
B) Warmer temperatures affecting water availability
C) Rising sea levels
D) Reduced human activities
31. The greenhouse effect is primarily caused by which of the following?
A) Reflection of sunlight
B) Absorption of thermal radiation by greenhouse gases
C) Evaporation of water bodies
D) Changes in wind patterns
 32. According to the IPCC, the global surface temperature increased by approximately
how much during the 20th century?
A) 0.1 °C
B) 0.5 °C
C) 0.74 °C
D) 1.5 °C
33. What is one potential effect of the shifting of tropical zones due to climate change?
A) Decrease in tropical diseases
B) Expansion of habitats for cold-weather species
C) Increase in the breeding zones for mosquitoes
D) Diversification of plant species in temperate regions
34. What percentage of land-living species could be threatened with extinction if global
temperatures rise by two degrees Celsius?
A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 70%
35. What primarily defines a natural region?
A) Political boundaries
B) Dominant vegetation and climate
C) Human population density
D) Economic systems
36. Which of the following is NOT one of the three major temperature zones of the
Earth?
A) Tropical (hot) zone
B) Temperate zone
C) Polar zone
D) Frigid (cold) zone
 37. Where is the tropical zone located?
A) Between 0° and 23.5° latitude
B) Between 23.5°N and 23.5°S latitude
C) Between 23.5° and 66.5° latitude
D) Between 66.5°N and 90° latitude
38. What is a primary characteristic of the equatorial rainforest region?
A) Low temperature and low rainfall
B) High temperatures and seasonal rainfall
C) Uniformly high temperatures and heavy rainfall
D) Sparse vegetation
39. Which of the following plants is commonly found in tropical deserts?
A) Pine trees
B) Cacti
C) Oak trees
D) Bamboo
40. What is the average annual rainfall in desert regions?
A) Over 1500 mm
B) Between 500 mm and 1000 mm
C) Less than 250 mm
D) Approximately 1000 mm
41. What type of human activities are prevalent in the tundra region?
A) Intensive agriculture
B) Nomadic herding
C) Large-scale mining
D) Urban development
42. In which zone do most of the world's agricultural and industrial activities occur?
A) Tropical zone
B) Temperate zone
C) Frigid zone
D) Polar ice cap
43. What are the two sub-regions of the frigid zone?
A) Tropical rainforest and savanna
B) Tundra and polar ice caps
C) Warm temperate and cool temperate
D) Desert and grassland
44. The temperate zone is characterized by how many distinct seasons?
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Six
45. Which sub-region is found between the polar ice caps and the coniferous forest belt?
A) Tundra
B) Savanna
C) Tropical rainforest
D) Desert
46. What kind of vegetation is commonly found in the polar ice cap region?
A) Dense forests
B) Lichens and mosses
C) Tall grasses
D) Tropical plants
47. What type of economic activity is predominant in the equatorial rainforest region?
A) Industrial manufacturing
B) Commercial fishing
C) Shifting cultivation and mining
D) Oil drilling
 48. Which phenomenon leads to the formation of deserts on the leeward side of high
mountains?
A) Temperate climate
B) Rain shadow effect
C) Monsoon winds
D) Ocean currents
49. What adaptations do plants in hot deserts typically have?
A) Large leaves for water collection
B) Shallow roots for quick water absorption
C) Long roots and minimal leaves
D) Bright flowers to attract pollinators
50. Which of the following is a major factor that influences climate changes observed in
the temperate zone?
A) Proximity to the equator
B) Effects of continents
C) Altitude variations
D) Seismic activity
51. The tundra region typically experiences which type of temperatures during the
summer?
A) Extremely high temperatures above 30°C
B) Average temperatures above freezing but still low
C) No variation in temperatures
D) Hot and humid temperatures
52. What is the main reason for the lack of significant vegetation in the polar ice cap
region?
A) High levels of humidity
B) Permanent ice cover and low temperatures
C) Lack of sunlight
D) Nutrient-rich soil
 53. Which region is known for having the largest concentration of diverse animal
species due to its climate and vegetation?
A) Temperate zone
B) Tropical zone
C) Frigid zone
D) Desert regions
54. Which human activity is most common among nomadic tribes in the tundra region?
A) Agriculture
B) Urban development
C) Fishing and hunting
D) Textile production
55. What is a defining feature of the temperate rainforest ecosystems?
A) Constant high temperatures
B) Very low precipitation levels
C) Dense vegetation and high levels of rainfall
D) Dry grasslands
56. What is the approximate annual temperature range for the boreal forests located in
the cool temperate regions?
A) -10°C to 5°C
B) 10°C to 20°C
C) -40°C to 30°C
D) -5°C to 15°C
Assignment: Create questions regarding the Physical Environment of Africa (pp. 66-102)
 50 Multiple Choice Questions
 20 True/False Questions
 20 Matching Questions