Review Volumetric Deformation and Sheet Metal

: Processes
-
Manufacturing
- Roll forming -
Laminacion -
Foriado >
-
Extrusion Estirado>

Shearing and Bending Processes ·

laminado plano ·
foriado de matric abierta ·

Extrusion directa

-
forging ·

laminado de forma ·
matriz cerrada · Extrusion en frio
>
-
Extrusion and Drawing ·
laminado de anillos ·

cabecendo · estirado

·
formado por laminacion Penetracion
·
·

estirado de tubos

-> Deformation : changing the shape of something

- Roll forming
·

Consist of exerting a certain pressure fort Defects ->

Thread Rolling :

volumetric deformation (compression of two ·

Wavy edges ·
is a cold forming process by which straight or Conical
rollers
·

Cracks in the central part threads are formed into round bars or wire rods by passing
Plastic deformation : is carried out on the
Cracks
·

material and can done both cold or hot .

·

at the edges them between dies

Alligatoring
·

· Can be done for a flat product or a

shaped product ·
Typical Products are screws ,
bolts , and similar threaded
Parts
· Good surface finish
·
Thread rolling processes : flat dies and roller dies .

~ Maximum Possible reduction

ho-he Mi =
 -
Shearing and Bending Processes
·
A stamping press can be used to perform cuts and shape changes to sheetmetal Slitting -
Piercing Drawing
tooling -
can be set up in a press to obtain cuts or shaping the sheet metal - Parting - Punching
·
Stamping machines allow you to cut, Punch and fold all kinds of flat surface ->
Folding -
Stamping

-
Simple Die : -
Compound Die >
-
Progressive Die
·

these dies allow only one operation ·

these tools make it possible to take ·
Consist of different stages or steps
advantage of the force exerted by the
·

low productivity ·
Cutting sequence
ram by performing two or more

·
need other dies to finish the pieces operations on each stroke and
·
Can also be called "Transfer die" thus speeding up to process

-
Forging
·
is a manufacturing process involves the shaping of metal using localized Compressive forces
·
Strikes or hits are delivered with a hammer or a die

it is usually performed
·

at elevated temperatures
>
- Closed Die Forging
·
Impression -
die forging (Closed-die forging ,
is

Performed with dies that contain the inverse of the

>
-
Open Die Forging desired Shape of the part

involves Compression of a work part of

between two flat dies ·

flash material -

need to be cut away

·
reduces height of the work and increases

its diameter
- Coining
is a special application of closeddie forging in which
· a barreling effect is obtained due to friction forces
that
fine details in the die are impressed into the top and
oppose the flow of work metal at the die

surfaces bottom Surfaces of the work Part

>
-
Flashless Forging
the workpiece is completely contained
·

there is little flow of metal in coining

raw
·

within the die cavity during compression ,

and

no flash is formed
-
Heading
·
"Upset forging" ,
is usually performed on the end of a round rod

·
Strict control of the raw material weight/volume or wire in order to increase the cross-section

is needed to guarantee the part will fill the

Cavity
>
- Defects
·

Barreling (can lead cracks in surface) ·

Internal detects. Anisotropy
·

Deficiencies in the flow of material in Lack of penetration

the die cavity
-
Extrusion and Drawing
·
a Cylindrical Gillet is pushed through a die
·
a wide variety of constant solid or hollow cross-sections can be obtained trough this manufacturing process

·
large deformations are achieved without Breakage
·
window profiles and structural shapes are manufactured
·

can be done hot or cold

>
- Common extruded materials. Accessible costs for both large and short production runs .

aluminum Steel ·
tooling costs are low
·

Copper ·

magnesium

· lead

>
-
Types of extrusion Processes

·
direct extrusion is the simplest and most
common type ,
in this process , the Gillet is pushed
through C
a avity Container by a pressing Stem .

- Indirect Extrusion : is the opposite >

- Hydrostatic Extrusion : >
-
Lateral Extrusion
instead of the billet , in this case, ·
uses hydraulic fluid to push the is used for low melting point materials
billet through the die
a hydraulic Stem pushes against ·
the die in this processes is positioned on

there is no friction force the side

the billet
.
·

between the billet and walls

·
used for brittle materials
-
Cold Extrusion
improved mechanical properties as a result of work hardening
·
good control of dimensional tolerances
·
Improved Surface finish
- Disadvantages >
-
Defects
·

Special coating ·

Surface cracking
·
limited deformation ·
internal cracking
·

greater loads