CENTRE FOR PLANT PROTECTION STUDIES

PEST FORECAST FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER 2024

1. Paddy

Leaf folder, gall midge, stem borer and green leaf hoppers damage were observed in
Thanjavur district. Leaf folder and black bug damage were noticed in Nagapattinam and
Tiruvaur districts. Leaf folder and Stem borer damage were noticed in Ramanathapuram,
Thiruvallur, Salem, Erode, Namakkal, Trichy and Cuddalore districts. Stem borer damage
alone was recorded in Krishnagiri district. Leaf folder and whorl maggot damages were
observed in Ramanathapuram district. In Tuticorin district stem borer, leaf folder and thrips
damages were observed. Leaf folder, stem borer and earhead bug damages were noticed in
Madurai district.

 For the management of stem borer spray of flubendiamide 20%WG 50 g/ac or cartap
hydrochloride 50% SP 400 g/ac is recommended
 For the management of leaf folder, spraying of any one of the following insecticides
is recommended once and if the infestation persists second spray can be given at 15
days after the first spray. The same insecticide should not used for the second spray;
Flubendiamide 20% WG 50 g/ ac
Flubendiamide 20% W/S SC 20 ml/ac
Cartap hydrochloride 50% SP 400 g/ ac
Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC 50 ml/ac
Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G 4 kg/ ac
Fipronil 80 WG 20-25 kg/ac
Thiamethoxam 25% WG 40 g/ac

 For the management of rice gall midge apply fipronil 0.3%G 16.67 - 10 kg/ac or
quinalphos 5% G - 2 kg/ac or spray thiamethoxam 25% WG - 40 g / ac
 For the management of whorl maggot, apply cartap hydrochloride 4% G 10 kg/ac or
spray Chlorpyriphos 20% EC 500 ml/ ac.
 To manage rice black bug NSKE 5% (10 kg/ac) is recommended.
 For the management of green leaf hoppers, spary insecticides twice, 15 and 30 days
after transplanting fipronil 5% SC 400 – 600 g/ac or thiamethoxam 25% WG 40 g/ ac.

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  For the management of earhead bug, spray any one of the following, the first during
flowering and the second a week later for one acre: quinalphos 1.5% D 10 kg or
malathion 50% EC 200 ml / ac or Neem seed kernel extract 5% (10 kg kernel/ac).
 For the management of thrips spay thiamethoxam 25% WG 40 g/ac
Blast, bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and false smut diseases are observed in major rice-
growing districts of Tamil Nadu. If blast is noticed in the main field, farmers are advised to
spray carbendazim 50 WP @ 500 g/ha or tricyclazole 75 WP @ 500g/ha or metominostrobin
20SC @ 500 ml/ha or azoxystrobin 25 SC @ 500 ml/ha. The fungicide spray should cover
weeds present in the bunds also. To manage the BLB disease, foliar application of copper
hydroxide 77 WP @ 1.25 kg/ha or streptomycin sulphate 90% + tetracycline combination
10% SP @ 300 g + copper oxychloride 50 WP @ 1.25 kg/ha is recommended. If necessary,
repeat the application 15 days later.
Flowering stage is the most susceptible stage for infection of false smut pathogen.
Rain, high humidity, late planting, high nitrogen in soil and strong wind favours the disease.
Hence, two foliar sprays with propiconazole 25 EC @ 500 ml/ha or copper hydroxide 77 WP
@ 1.25 kg/ha at boot leaf and 50% flowering stages is recommended for disease-vulnerable
areas.

2. Millets
Maize
Fall armyworm incidence was observed in Kallakuruchi, Madurai, Tuticorin,
Virudhunagar, Namakkal, Tiruchy and Cuddalore districts. For effective management,
application of neem cake @ 100 kg/ac @ last ploughing to increase plant and soil health.
Seed treatment with cyantraniliprole 19.8% + thiamethoxam 19.8% FS @ 4 ml/kg seed.
Border cropping with cowpea, gingelly/ redgram or sunflower in garden land conditions and
fodder sorghum in dryland conditions @ 3 rows of the selected crop. Monitoring of FAW
adults using pheromone traps @ 5/ac and damage score at weekly intervals following TNAU
1-5 scale. Application of insecticides as follows:
Early whorl stage (15 – 20 DAE):
Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.4 ml/ lit (or) flubendiamide 480 SC @ 0.5 ml/lit followed
by azadirachtin 1500 ppm @ 5 ml/lit on need basis.
Late whorl stages (35-40 DAE):
Metarhizium anisopliae (TNAU-MA-GDU isolate) @ one kg/ac (1.6 x 1011 spores / ml) or
emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.4 g/lit or novaluron 10 EC @ 1.5 ml/lit or spinetoram 11.70
SC @ 0.5 ml/lit

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Tasseling and cob formation stage (60 – 65 DAE):
Spinetoram 11.70 SC @ 0.5 ml/lit (or) emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.4 g/lit on need basis
(Do not repeat insecticide sprayed at late whorl stage).

The incidence of leaf spot and leaf blight (4-8%) is noticed in different maize growing
regions of Coimbatore district. The disease can be managed by foliar spraying with mancozeb
75WP @ 1 kg/ha or metalaxyl 8% + mancozeb 64% @ 1 kg/ha.
Sorghum
The incidences of anthracnose (12-15%) and rust (10-13%) diseases are noticed in
sorghum growing areas of Coimbatore district. Farmers are advised to spray mancozeb 75
WP @ 1 kg/ha and repeat the spray after 10 days, if necessary.

Cumbu
In rabi crop of pearl millet, whenever the symptoms of rust and blast diseases are
noticed, spray mancozeb 75% WP @ 1 kg/ha and carbendazim 50% WP @ 500 g/ha,
respectively and repeat 15 days later, if necessary. Spray mancozeb 75% WP @ 1 kg/ha when
the fungal mold symptoms are noticed on the earheads due to rain during the grain maturity
stage.

Ragi
Leaf blast incidence is noticed (10-17%) in different ragi growing areas of
Thiruvannamalai district. The disease can be managed by spraying carbendazim 50 WP @
500 g/ha or tricyclazole 75 WP @ 500 g/ha.

3. Pulses
Blackgram

Spodoptera infestesation is observed in Pudutottai district at a low level. The following

recommendation is given to manage this pest.

 Setting up of light trap @ one /ha to attract and kill the adult moths.
 Bird perches @ 50/ac to enable the birds to feed on the larvae.
Need based application of any one of the following

 Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki @ 200 – 250 ml/ac.

 flubendiamide 20 WG @ 120 g/ac

 chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 40 ml/ac

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Blackgram and greengram
The prevailing weather conditions favour the development of powdery mildew and
stem necrosis diseases in different pulse crops growing districts of Tamil Nadu including
Pudukottai district. Hence, the farmers are advised to spray any one of the following
chemicals on need basis to contain the disease in the field. For powdery mildew disease
management, spray wettable sulphur 80 WP @ 1.5 kg/ha or carbendazim 50 WP @ 500 g/ha
or propiconazole 25 EC @ 500 ml/ha or neem seed kernel extract (5%) or neem oil (3%) or
eucalyptus leaf extract (10%) and for stem necrosis, spray acetamiprid 20 WP @ 250 g/ha or
methyl demeton 25EC @ 500 ml/ha or dimethoate 30 EC @ 500 ml/ha or thiamethoxam
75WG @ 100 g/ha or imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 250 ml/ha.

4. Oil Seeds
Groundnut
Incidence of late leaf spot was noticed (28 to 46 PDI) in groundnut crop raised in the
Pudukuaraipettai village of Vriddhachalam block in Cuddalore district. The disease can be
managed by spraying with carbendazim 50 WP @ 500 g/ha or mancozeb 75 WP @ 1 kg/ha
or cholorotholonil 75 WP @ 1kg/ha.
Sesame
The incidences of phyllody (68%) and Alternaria leaf blight (40 PDI) were recorded
in different sesame growing areas of Cuddalore district. Phyllody disease can be managed by
controlling the leaf hopper vectors by spraying imidacloprid 17.8 SL at 100 ml/ha as foliar
spray. For the management of Alternaria leaf blight, farmers are advised to spray mancozeb
75 WP @ 1kg/ha.
Castor
Whitefly and leafhopper incidences were noticed in Salem and Namakkal districts. To
manage this pest spray Imidacloprid 17.8 SL 50 ml/ac or Acetamiprid 20% SP 40g /ac. For
the management of leafhopper spray Acetamiprid 20SP @ 40 g/ac or Clothianidin 50WDG
@ 20 g/ac at fifteen days interval.

5. Cotton
Stem weevil infestation was noticed in Madurai district. To manage this pest
drenching the collar region with chlorpyriphos 50 EC @ 480 ml/ac on 15 and 30 days after
sowing and earthing up is recommended.

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 In Salem and Namakkal districts, leafhopper incidence was observed. In
Virudhunagar district, leaf hopprer, aphids and whitedly infestation were observed. For
Cotton leafhopper, aphids and whitefly management, spraying of imidacloprid 17.8% SL 50
ml/ac or buprofezin 25%SC 400 ml/ac is recommended.
The diseases viz., Alternaria leaf blight, grey mildew, boll rot, bacterial blight and tobacco
streak virus (TSV) incidence were recorded in Coimbatore, Dindigul and Tirunelveli districts.
Farmers are advised to spray difenoconazole 25 EC @ 500 ml/ha or tebuconazole 25 EC @ 500
ml/ha or metiram 55% + pyraclostrobin 5% WG @ 500 g/ha or trifloxystrobin 50% + tebuconazole
25% WG @ 300 g/ha for managing the Alternaria leaf blight and grey mildew. For managing the
bacterial blight of cotton, spraying of streptomycin sulphate @ 150 g/ha + copper oxychloride
50WP @ 1.25 kg/ha is recommended. Parthenium weeds in and around the cotton field should be
removed to prevent the spread of TSV. The virus-transmitting insect vector, thrips can be
effectively managed by spraying of fipronil 5% SC 1500 ml/ha or flonicamid 50% WG @ 150
g/ha.

6. Sugarcane
Internode borer incidence was recorded in Cuddalore and Villupuram districts.
Release of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis at the rate of 2 one cc / release /ac (six
releases at 15 days intervals starting from the fourth month) is recommended to manage
internode borer. It is available at Department of Agricultural Entomology, TNAU,
Coimbatore.

The Pokkah Boeng-Crown mealy bug incidence was observed in Ariyalur and
Perambalur and Cuddalore districts. The following integrated management strategy is
recommended for its management.

 Sett treatment with propiconazole 25 EC @ 1 ml/ lit (30 min. dip) + imidacloprid 17.8
SL @ 0.3 ml/lit (5 min. dip).
 Monitor the movement of ants regularly in the field.
 Immediately after noticing the ant movement, spray in 3 border rows alone with
imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 3 ml/10 lit (or) chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 4ml/10 lit (or)
clothianidin 50 WDG @ 5g/10 lit (or) spirotetramet 150 OD @ 12.5 ml/10 lit (or)
flonicamid 50 WG @ 3 g/10 lit.
 Spraying of TNAU Sugarcane Booster @ 1 kg, 1.5 kg and 2 kg at 45, 60 and 75 days
after planting, respectively (recommended agronomic practice).

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  After observing 10% ETL of crown mealy bug infestation, spray the following
chemicals towards the central whorl of sugarcane: propiconazole 25EC @ 1 ml +
Imidacloprid 17.8SL @ 0.3 ml + sticking agent 1 ml + water 1 lit. starting from three
months after planting 3 times @ 20 days interval.
 Ensure de-trashing before spraying. Spray should be directed towards the central whorl
for better control
 Ratoon cropping should be discouraged after two ratooning in the endemic areas
 Application of recommended dose of fertilizers and micro-nutrients after every ratoon
at the time of earthing up

Yellow leaf disease

The yellow leaf disease in sugarcane is noticed in Cuddalore district. For the
management of this disease, the following integrated management strategy is recommended.

 Avoid the ratoon crop in severely affected areas and use disease-free setts for planting.
 Avoid susceptible varieties viz., CoV 09356 and other unknown varieties.
 Application of recommended dose of fertilizers should be followed.
 Follow detrashing and maintain the crop in weed free condition.

7. Vegetable Crops
Brinjal
Shoot and fruit borer incidence was observed in Coimbatore, Theni, Virudhuagar,
Salem and Namakkal districts. Remove and destroy the affected terminal shoots and fruits
showing bore holes at initial stage. Avoid using synthetic pyrethroids. Spraying of Neem seed
kernel extract 5% (10 kg of kernel/ac) (or) emamectin benzoate 5 % SG 4g/10 lit. (or)
Flubendiamide 20 WDG 7.5 gram/ 10 lit.
Leafhopper incidence was observed in Coimbatore district. Spray of dinotefuran 70%
WG 1.7 gram/ 10 lit . or dimethoate 40 lit/ 10 lit is recommended to manage this pest.

Bhendi
Fruit borer and leafhoppers infestation was observed in Coimbatore district. Setup
pheromone traps @10/ac, collect and destroy the infested fruits. Release egg parasitoid,
Trichogramma chilonis @ 1cc / ac. Spray quinalphos 25EC 8 ml/ 10 lit or emamectin
benzoatat 5% SG 3 gram/ 10 lit.

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 For the management leahoppers spay imidacloprid 17.8 SL 2 ml/ 10 lit or
thiamethoxam 25%WG one gram/10 lit.

Tomato
Fruit borer damage was observed in Theni district. For the management of fruit borer
setup pheromone traps @ 5/ac. Collect and destroy damaged fruits and grown-up caterpillars.
Release Trichogramma chilonis @ 1 cc lakh/ac at an interval of 7 days starting from flower
initiation stage. Spray azadirachtin 1.0 % EC (10000 ppm) 20 ml/ 10 lit. or indoxacarb 14.5
SC 8 ml/10 lit. or flubendiamide 20 %WG 2 g/10 lit.

The incidence of tomato spotted wilt, leaf curl and early blight diseases are observed
in major tomato growing districts viz., Krishnagiri, Dindigul, Coimbatore, Theni and
Dharmapuri. Spraying of dimethoate 30 EC @ 500 ml/ha or imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 100
ml/ha is recommended to manage the insect vectors viz., thrips and whiteflies of spotted wilt
and leaf curl, respectively and repeat the spray 15 days later, if necessary. To manage early
blight, the farmers are advised to spray mancozeb 75%WP @ 500 g/ha or azoxystrobin +
difenconazole 500 ml/ha twice at 15-day intervals.
Survey was conducted in tomato field at Narasipuram village, Thondamuthur block,
Coimbatore district. Root-knot nematode infestation was recorded with 193 nematodes/200
cc soil; 71 female nematodes / g root in tomato. The farmers were advised to apply Pochonia
chlamydosporia @ 2.5 kg / ha along with 250 kg neem cake.

Chilli
Thrips incidence was observed in Madurai district. Thrips and mite infestation was
observed in Salem and Namakkal districts.
To manage thrips, grow Sesbania (Agathi) as intercrop. Spray Imidacloprid 17.8%SL
3ml/ 10 lit or emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 4 gram/ 10 lit or acetamipride 20 %SP 10 gram/
10 lit is recommended. For the management of mite spray fenazaquin 10 % EC @ 20 ml/10
lit or fenpyroximate 5% EC @ 10 ml/10 lit or propargite 57 EC 25 ml/10 lit.
The incidences of leaf curl and mosaic diseases were observed in major chillies
growing areas of Dindigul and Coimbatore districts. The farmers are advised to spray
dimethoate 30 EC @ 500 ml/ha or imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 100 ml/ha to manage the insect
vectors and destroy the infected plants immediately after noticing the initial symptoms.
Repeat the spray 15 days later, if necessary.

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 A field survey was conducted in Chilli at Karadimadai village, Thondamuthur block,
Coimbatore district. The root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita was observed with
population of 82 nematodes / 200 cc soil. Recommendation: Application of neem cake @ 250
kg/ha.
Moringa
Leaf webber damage was observed in Theni district. To manage this pest spray
Bacillus thuringiensis @ 20 ml/ 10 lit.
Snake guard
Fruit fly damage was observed in Theni district. To manage, this pest spray
cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD @18ml/10 lit. or azadirachtin 0.03% (3000 ppm) 50 ml/10 lit.

Bottle gourd
The incidence of gummy stem blight disease (50%) was recorded in Annur regions of
Coimbatore district. The disease can be managed by spraying cholorotholonil 75 WP @ 1
kg/ha for two times at weekly interval.
Tapioca
Whitefly, mealy bug and mite infestation was observed in Salem district. For the
management of whitefly remove alternate weed hosts viz., Abutilon indicum. Install yellow
sticky trap at 5 Nos/ac. Use nitrogen judiciously. Spray neem oil 3 % (30ml/lit) or fish oil
rosin soap 25 g/lit or methyl demeton 25 EC 20 ml/ 10 lit. Avoid extending the crop growth
beyond its duration.
For Mite, spraying of fenazaquin @ 2 ml/lit. of water or propargite 20EC @ 2 ml/lit.
of water is recommended. For the management of mealybug, release Anagyrus lopezi
parasitoid @ 100 – 200 nos./ac and Apertochrysa astur @ 400 egg/ac when third instar
nymph or adult females are noticed. It is available at Tapioca and Castor Research Station,
Yethapur, Salem district and Department of Agricultural Entomology, TNAU, Coimbatore.

8. Fruit crops
Mango

Leafhopper in damage was observed Theni district. To manage this pest spray
imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 2.0 ml/10 lit or thiamethoxam 25WG @ 1.0 g/10 lit.

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Guava
Mealy bug and whitefly damage was observed in Erode district. To mange mealy
bugs release Cryptolaemus predatory beetles @10/tree. To manage fruit flies, install methyl
eugenol trap @ 4/ac and spraying of Neem oil 3 % (3ml/lit) is recommended.
Fruit fly damage was observed in Theni district. To manage this pest collect and
destroy all affected fruits. Install methyl eugenol trap @ 4/ ac and spray Neem oil @ 3.0 %
(30ml/ lit).
In guava, root knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii was widely observed in
Coimbatore, Dindigul, Madurai, Tenkasi, Virdhunagar, Tiruchirapalli, Pudukottai,
Tiruvannamalai and Cuddalore districts. The nematode-infested guava tree showed the
symptoms of yellowing and bronzing of leaves and extensive galling in the root system.
Nematode infested roots were more prone to rotting caused by fungus Fusarium sp. The
farmers were advised to apply bioagent enriched FYM @ 500 g per tree at every alternate
month. To prepare bio-agent enriched FYM, Purpureocillium lilacinum and Pochonia
chlamydosporia @ 2.5 kg each mixed in 100 kg farm yard manure sprinkled with water and
kept in shade for two to three weeks. Farmers were also advised to grow marigold around the
basin of the tree. In severe infestation. soil drenching with fluopyram @ 500 ml per acre
followed by application of carbendazim 2 g/litre + phytalon (blue copper) 2g/litre is
recommended.
Acid lime
Mite incidence was observed in Theni and Madurai district. To manage this pest spray
Diafenthiuron 50 WP @ 20 g/10 lit.
Grapes
Thrips incidence was observed Theni district. Spray cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD @
7ml/10 lit. or Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 4 gram/10 lit. is recommended for this pest.
Banana
The Sigatoka leaf spot is noticed in all banana growing areas of Tamil Nadu. The
disease can be managed by removing severely infected one or two lower leaves and buried or
burnt. Foliar spray of carbendazim 50 WP @ 500 g/ha or mancozeb 75 WP @ 1 kg/ha at
monthly interval is recommended. Alternative spray with propiconazole 25 EC @ 500 ml/ha
along with petroleum based mineral oil @ 10 ml/ l. Add 5 ml of wetting agent like Sandovit
or Triton AE or Teepol per 10 lit of spray fluid.

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9. Spices and Plantation crops
Curry leaf
Psyllid and leaf roller infestation was observed in Coimbatore district. To manage this
pest thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 1 g/10 lit is recommended. For leaf roller spray
chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 3 ml /10 lit. Border cropping with sorghum and intercropping
with cowpea is recommended to conserve natural enemies

Coconut
In all the disricts of Tamil Nadu incidence of rhinoceros beetle, eriophyid mite and
whitefly complex was noticed. Red palm weevil incidence was noticed in Coimbatore and
Vellore districts. Black headed caterpillar infestation was noticed in Vellore district.

Management of whitefly Complex

 For mass trapping the adults setup yellow sticky traps (size 5x1.5 feet) @ 8 Nos./ac in
between the trees or on the trunk portion smeared with castor oil.
 Spraying of water forcibly on the under surface of the leaves.
 Release of Encarsia parasitoids by stapling leafbits containing the RSWF puparia
(parasitized by Encarsia) under the coconut leaflets @ 1 leaf bit / 10 trees.
 Spraying of insecticides would highly suppress the population buildup of all the natural
enemies hence, pesticide sprays are to be strictly avoided.
 Moreover, spraying with boiled maida flour paste @ 25 g/ lit of water will remove
flakes of sooty mould from the upper surface of the leaves in the affected palms.
 Release of Apertochrysa astur predator @ 400 Nos. /ac
 Apply recommended dose of fertilizer for fast recovery.

Management of Rhinoceros beetle

 Remove and burn all dead coconut trees in the garden to maintain good sanitation.
 Collect and destroy the various bio-stages of the beetle from the manure pits.
 Examine the crowns of tree at every harvest and hook out and kill the adults.
 Set up light traps @ 1/ac following the first rains in summer rain and monsoon period
to attract and kill the adult beetles.
 Placement of three naphthalene balls at the base of three inner most leaf axiles (or)
Crown application of neem seed powder @ 150 gram + sand 300 gram /palm at the
base of 3 inner most leaves axiles.

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  Setting up of rhinolure traps @ one per ha to attract and kill the adult beetles. Kill the
trapped adult soon. Do not install the pheromone trap on the tree.
 Application of green muscardine fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae @ 5 x 1011 spores /
m3 - spray 250ml Metarrizhium culture + 750 ml water in manure pits to check the
perpetuation of the pest.
 Keep the mud pot @ 30/ac with 1kg castor cake mixed with one liter of water to attract
the adults.
Red palm weevil

 Remove and burn the wilting or damaged palms in coconut gardens to prevent further
perpetuation of the pest
 Avoid injuries on stems of palms as the wounds may serve as oviposition sites for the
weevil.
 Injury made by the rhinoceros beetle in the coconut palm serve as oviposition site for
red palm weevil. Hence, rhinoceros beetle infestation needs to be contained in the
coconut gardens to prevent red palm weevil infestation.
 Avoid the cutting of green leaves. If needed, they should be cut about 120 cm away
from the stem.
 Installation of pheromone traps @ 1 No. for one hectare

Management of eriophyid mite

 Proper Integrated nutrient management approach is warranted to minimize the

damage. Application of 1.3 kg urea, 2.0 kg of super phosphate, 3.5 kg of muriate of
potash, micronutrients 1 kg, gypsum 1 kg, neem cake 5kg, FYM 50 kg. This fertilizer
dose is for one tree/year, this should be splited into two and can be applied once in 6
month.
 Spray azadirachtin 1% @ 5ml/lit. (or) neem oil 3% 30ml/lit. and one ml teepol/lit
during January, March and May on the 45 days old buttons.
 Root feeding with TNAU coconut tonic @ 200ml/ tree for two times at six month
interval.
Management of black headed caterpillar

 Remove and burn the severely affected lower most fronds by leaving 3 feet petiole.
 Release of Bracon brevicornis @ 2100 numbers of parasitods / ac 2 to 3 times at 21
days interval.

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  Set up light trap @ one /ac for monitoring and mass trapping of adutls.
 Apply recommended dose of fertilizers.
Coconut root wilt
Coconut root wilt disease is noticed in Coimbatore, Tiruppur, Theni, Tenkasi,
Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari districts. The integrated disease management strategy for the
root wilt disease of coconut is recommended as follows.

 In the heavily disease affected gardens, remove the entire severely affected
uneconomic palms (those yielding less than 10 nuts/palm/year) and all severely
diseased palms in the pre-bearing age.
 Provision of proper drainage.
 Proper care and sanitation.
 Apply farm yard manure @ 50 kg + neem cake 5 kg/palm/year.
 Soil application of Trichoderma asperellum @ 100 g + Bacillus subtilis @ 100 g +
Phosphobacteria @ 100 g + Azospirillum @ 100 g + AMF @ 50 g mixed with 5kg of
farm yard manure per palm at 6 month intervals.
 Apply recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (urea - 1.3 kg, super phosphate - 2.0
kg; muriate of potash - 3.5 kg/palm/year) + 1.0 kg magnesium sulphate + 200 g
copper sulphate/palm.
 Grow green manure crops viz., cowpea, sunhemp, Calopogonium, Pueraria etc. in
coconut basins and incorporate into soil at the time of flowering.
 Root feeding with TNAU coconut tonic @ 40 ml mixed with 160 ml water/palm at 6
months interval.
 Application of hexaconazole 5EC (2 ml + 300 ml water) at the crown region to
manage leaf rot / crown rot.
 The insect vectors viz., plant hoppers and lace wing bugs can be managed by applying
200g neem cake powder with equal quantity of sand in the whorls of leaves.
 The TNAU Cococon mother culture (5 lit) has to be mass multiplied in 150 litres of
water containing 10kg jaggery, 5lit curd and 500g common salt for 5-7 days. Soil
application of mass multiplied ‘Cococon’ microbial consortium @ 2 liters/ palm
mixed with 8 litre of water at three months interval can be done in the plantations
having mild infection. Cococon is available at the Department of Plant Pathology,
TNAU, Coimbatore.

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Basal stem rot
Coconut basal stem rot is noticed in parts of Coimbatore, Tirupur, Erode, Cauvery Delta
and coastal districts of Tamil Nadu. The integrated disease management strategy for the basal
stem rot is recommended as follows.

 Eradication of the dead palms.

 Proper care and sanitation.
 Apply farm yard manure @ 50 kg + neem cake 5 kg/palm/year.
 Soil application of Trichoderma asperellum @ 100 g + Bacillus subtilis @ 100 g +
Phosphobacteria @ 100 g + Azospirillum @ 100 g + AMF @ 50 g mixed with farm
yard manure @ 5 kg per palm at 6 month intervals.
 Apply recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (urea - 1.3 kg, super phosphate - 2.0
kg; muriate of potash - 3.5 kg/palm/year/palm) in 2 equal split doses.
 Grow green manure crops viz., cowpea, sunhemp, Calopogonium, Pueraria etc. in
coconut basins and incorporate into soil at the time of flowering.
 Soil drenching with 40 litres of 1% Bordeaux mixture/palm (if, biocontrol agents are
not applied).
 Root feeding with hexaconazole 5EC @ 2.0 ml + 100 ml water per tree at 3-4 month
intervals based on the severity.
Coffee
Red stem borer, white stemborer and berry borer damages were observed in Yercaud
of Salem district. To manage the stem borer

 Maintain/create optimum shade

 Borer infested plants should be thoroughly traced, uprooted during March and
September, burnt to avoid economic loss during the subsequent years.
 Install pheromone traps @ 25 /ha, if the incidence is high.
 Remove the loose scaly bark on the main stem and thick primaries using coir glove or
coconut husk.
 Pad with chlorpyriphos 25% EC @ 5 ml by making a window in the stem at 5 cm x 5
cm and fill it with absorbant cotton dipped in insecticide solution and close it.
For the management of berry borer

 Carry out timely and thorough harvest.

13
  Avoid gleanings as far as possible.
 Pick up and destroy the gleanings.
 Meticulously remove the leftover berries.
 Remove offseason berries to save main crop.
 Avoid excessive shade.
 Prune plants properly to facilitate better ventilation and illumination.
While processing at the estate level, dry coffee berries to the prescribed moisture
level: Arabica / robusta parchment 10 %, Arabica cherry 10.5 % and robusta cherry 11.0%.

Black Pepper
The leaf gall thrips and scale insect incidences were noticed in Yercaud block of
Salem district. For manage this pest spraying of azadirachtin 1% @ 3ml/ lit or neem oil 3%
(30ml/lit) or Beauveria bassiana @ 1.5 g/lit with teepal one ml/ lit.

Wilt complex is observed in different regions of Kolli hills and Kodaikanal hills. The
following integrated management strategies are to be followed for the effective management
of quick wilt.

 Foliar spraying and soil drenching with Bordeaux mixture 1% or metalaxyl - M 4% +

mancozeb 64% 68WP @ 2 g/litre
 Soil application of biocontrol agents viz., Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma
asperellum each @ 2.5 kg/ha along with farm yard manure, if fungicides are not
applied.
10. Flower crops
Jasmine
Bud worm and blossom midge damage was noticed in Erode and Krishnagiri. To
manage bud worm and blossom midge thiacloprid 240 SC @ 10 ml /10 lit (or) spinosad 45SC
5 ml/10 lit can be sprayed.

14
Further contact:

1. The Director
Centre for Plant Protection Studies
TNAU, Coimbatore – 641 003.
Phone No: 0422-6611237

2. The Professor and Head

Department of Agrl. Entomology
TNAU, Coimbatore – 641 003,
Phone No: 0422-6611214 / 6611414

3. The Professor and Head

Department of Plant Pathology
TNAU, Coimbatore – 641 003,
Phone No: 0422-6611226

4. The Professor and Head

Department of Nematology
TNAU, Coimbatore – 641 003.
Phone No: 0422-6611224

15
 g{r;rp neha;fl;Lg;ghL gw;wpa ork;gu; (2024) khjj;jpw;fhd Kd;dwptpg;g[
1. bey;
,iyr;RUl;Lg;g[G/ Mizf;bfhk;gd;/ jz;Lj;Jisg;ghd; kw;Wk; gr;ir jj;Jg;g{r;rp
jhf;Fjy;; jÌ;rht{u; khtl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,iyr;RUl;Lg;g[G kw;Wk; fUg;g[
ehtha;g;g{r;rp jhf;Fjy; ehfg;gl;ozk; kw;Wk; jpUthUu; khtl;l';fspy; fhzg;gl;lJ.

,iyr;RUl;Lg;g[G; kw;Wk; jz;Lj;Jisg;ghd; jhf;Fjy; jpUts;Su;/ nryk;/ ehkf;fy;/

jpUr;rp kw;Wk; flYhu; khtl;l';fspy; fhzg;gl;lJ.

fpU#;zfpup khtl;lj;jpy; jz;Lj;Jisg;ghd; jhf;Fjy; fhzg;gl;lJ.

,iyr;RUl;Lg;g[G/ jz;Lj;Jisg;ghd; kw;Wk; FUj;Jg;g[G jhf;Fjy; ,uhkehjg[uk;
khtl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ.

Jhj;Jf;Fo khtl;lj;jpy; ,iyr;RUl;Lg;g[G/ jz;Lj;Jisg;ghd; kw;Wk; ,iyg;ngd;

jhf;Fjy; fhzg;gl;lJ.

,iyr;RUl;Lg;g[G/ jz;Lj;Jisg;ghd; kw;Wk; fjpu; ehtha;g{;rp jhf;Fjy; kJiu

khtl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ.

 jz;Lj;Jisg;ghd; jhf;Fjiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;j g[Sbgd;oaikL 20%WG 50 fpuhk; /

Vf;fu; my;yJ fhu;lhg; iQl;nuhFnshiuL 50%SP xU 400 fpuhk; / Vf;fu;
ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.
 bey; ,iyr;RUl;Lg;g[G jhf;Fjiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;j gpd;tUk; g{r;rp kUe;jpy; VnjDk;
xd;iw xUKiwa[k; kWgoa[k; jhf;Fjy; bjhlh;e;jhy; 15 ehs; ,ilbtspapy;
kw;bwhU kUe;jpid kWKiwa[k; gad;gLj;j ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

g[Sbgd;oaikL 20 WG 50 fpuhk; / Vf;fu;

g[Sbgd;oaikL W/W SC 20 kpyp/ Vf;fu;
fhu;lhg; iQl;nuhFnshiuL 50SP 400 fpuhk; / Vf;fu;
Fnshuhd;l;udpypg[nuhy; 18.5 SC 60 kpyp/ Vf;fu;;
Fnshuhd;l;udpypg[nuhy; 0.4 G 4 fpnyh/ Vf;fu;
gpg;nuhdpy; 80 WG 20-25 fpnyh / Vf;fu;
,d;nlhf;rhfhh;g; 15.8 EC – 80 kpyp/ Vf;fu;
jahkPj;jhf;!k; 25 WG 40 fpuhk; / Vf;fu;
 Midf;bfhk;gd; < jhf;Fjiyf; fl:Lg;gLj;j gpg;nuhdpy; 0.3% G 16.67 - 10 ;fpnyh / Vf;fh;
my;yJ Ftpdhy;gh!; 5% G 2 fpnyh / Vf;fh; my;yJ jahkPj;jhf;!k; 25% WG 40 fpuhk; /
Vf;fu; bjspf;f gupe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

16
  FUj;J g[Gf;fis fl:Lg;gLj;j fhu;lhg;iQl;nuhFnshiuL 4% G 10 fpnyh /
Vf;fu;; my;yJ Fnshu;igupgh!; 20% EC 500 kpyp/ Vf;fu; bjspf;f
gupe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.
 fUg;g[ ehtha; g{r;rp jhf;fjiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;j ntg;g';bfhl;ilr;rhW 5% ( 10 fpnyh / Vf;fu;;)
bjspf;f ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ.
 gr;ir jj;Jg;g{r;rpia fl;Lg;gLj;j el;l 15 Kjy; 30 ehl;fSf;F gpwF gpg;nuhdpy; 5%
SC 400--600 fpuhk; / Vf;fu;; my;yJ jahkPj;jhf;!hk; 25 WG 40 fpuhk; / Vf;fu;
bjspf;f bjspf;f gupe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ..
 fjpu; ehtha;g;g{r;rp jhf;Fjiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;j g{f;Fk; jUzj;jpYk; xU thuk; fHpj;Jk;
,tw;wpy; VjhtJ xU g{r;rpf;bfhy;yp kUe;ij bjspf;ft[k;. Ftpehy;gh!; 1.5% D 10 fpnyh/
Vf;fu my;yJ khyj;jpahd; 50 % EC 200 kpyp / Vf;fu; my;yJ ntg;g tpij fiury; 5
rjk; (10 fpnyh/ Vf;fu;).
 ,iyg;ngd; jhf;Fjiyf; fl;Lg;Lj;j jahkPj;jhf;!hk; 25 WG 40 fpuhk; / Vf;fu;
bjspf;f gupe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ..

Fiyneha;, ghf;Ohpa ,iyf;fUfy; kw;Wk] bey; gH nehapd; mwpFwpfs;

jkpHfj;jpy; bey; gaphpLk; gy;ntW khtl;l';fspy; bjd;gLfpwJ. Fiynehiaf]
fl;Lg;gLj;j fhh;gd;lrpk; 50WP @ 500 fp/vf;lh; (m) oiuirf;nshry; 75WP @ 500
fp/vf;lh; (m) mrhf;!pl;nuhgpd; 25SC @ 500 kp.yp. /vf;lh; (m) bkl;lhkpndh!;l;nuhgpd;
20SC @ 500 kp.yp/vf;lh; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. ,e;j g{";rhzbfhy;ypfis tug;g[fspy; cs;s
fisr;brofspd; kPJk; ed;F eida[k;go bjspf;fntz;Lk;. mnjnghy] ghf;Ohpa
,iyf;fUfy; nehiaf] fl;Lg;gLj;j fhg;gh; iQl]uhf]i!L 77 WP @ 1.25 fpnyh/vf;lh; (m)
!;l;bug;nlhikrpd; ry;ngl] 90% + bll;uhirf;spd; 10% SP @ 300fp + fhg;gh;
Mf;!pFnshiuL 50 WP @ 1.25 fpnyh/vf;lh; vd;w mstpy] bjspf;fntz;Lk;.
njitg;gl;lhy; 15 ehl;fs; fHpj;J kPz;Lk; xUKiw bjspf;fntz;Lk;.
bey; gH neha; g{f;Fk; gUtj;jpy; cs;s bew;gaph;fis vspjhf jhf;Fk; jd;ik
bfhz;lJ. mjpf kiH/ fhw;wpy; mjpf <ug;gjk;/ kz;zpy; mjpf jiHr;rj;J kw;Wk; fhw;W
Mfpait ,e;neha; gut rhjfkhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. nkYk;/ gpd;gUt gaph;fspy; ,e;neha;
mjpfk; bjd;gLfpwJ. ,e;nehiaf] fl;Lg;gLj;j g[nuhgpbfhdnrhy; 25 EC @ 500 kpyp/vf;lh:
my;yJ fhg;gh; iQl]uhf]i!L 77 WP @ 1.25 fpnyh/vf;lh; vd;w mstpy] g[il fl;Lk; kw;Wk]
50 rj g{f;Fk; gUtj;jpy; bjspf;fntz;Lk;.

17
2. rpWjhdpa';fs;
kf;fhr;nrhsk;
gilg;g[Gtpd; jhf;Fjy; fs;sf;Fwpr;rp/ kJiu/ Jhj;Jf;Fo/ tpUJefu;. ehkf;fy; / jpUr;rp
kw;Wk; flYhu; khtl;l';fspy; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jid fl;Lg;gLj;j ntg;gk; g[z;zhf;F
Vf;fUf;F 100 fpnyh vd;wstpy; filrp cHtpd; nghJ ,Ljy; ntz;Lk;.
irahd;l;hpdpypg[nuhy; 19.8 rjk;/ jnahkPj;jhf;rk; 19.8 rjk;; xU fpnyh tpijf;F 4 kpyp
vd;wstpy; tpij neh;j;jp bra;a ntz;Lk;. ,witapy; jl;il gaph;/ vs;/ Jtiu my;yJ
R{hpafhe;jp kw;Wk; khdhthhpapy; jPtd nrhsj;ij tug;g[ gapuhf \d;W thpir tpijf;f
ntz;Lk;. gilg;g[G jha; me;jpg;g{r;rpfspd; elkhl;lj;ij fz;fhzpf;f Vf;fUf;F 5
,df;fth;r;rp bghwpfis itf;f ntz;Lk;. gilg;g[Gtpd; ghjpg;ig thuk; xU Kiw
jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHf nrj mstPL fzf;if bfhz;L fzf;fPL bra;a
ntz;Lk;. gilg;g[Gtpd; ghjpg;ig fzf;fPL bra;a ‘w’ totj;jpy; ele;J brd;W 50
brofspy; ghjpg;ig gjpt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;. gilg;g[Gtpd; ghjpg;ig fl;Lg;gLj;j
kf;fhr;nrhsj;jpd; gUtj;jpw;nfw;g gpd;tUk; g{r;rpf; bfhy;ypfspy; VnjDk; xd;iw
cgnahfg;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.

 gUtk; 1 (gaph; Kisj;j 15 -20 ehs;)– Fnshuhd;lhpdpypg[nuhy; 18.5 v!;. rp. 04

kpyp/yp (m) g[Sbgd;oaikL 480 v!;!p (m) 0.4 kpyp/yp (gUtk; 1 y; ghjpg;g[
bjhlUkhdhy; mrhouhf;od; 1500 gpgpvk; 5 kpyp/yp bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.
 gUtk; 2 Muk;g epiy gUtk; 2 ,il epiy - (gaph; Kisj;j 30-40 ehs;) -
vkhbkf;od; bgd;nrhnal; 5 v!;. $p. 0.4 fpuhk;/yp (m) behtYuhd; 15 kpyp/yp (m)
!;igdponuhk; 11.70 v!;.rp 0.5 kpyp/yp Kjph; FUj;J epiyapy; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.
 gUtk; 2 ,Wjp epiy –bkl;lhiurpak; midnrhgpypna (j.nt.g.f – bk.m - $poa{)
Vf;fUf;F xU fpnyh vd;wstpy; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.
 !;igdponuhk; 11.70 v!;.rp 0.5kpyp/yp (m) vkhbkf;od; bgd;nrhnal; 5 v!;. $p 0.4
fpuhk;/yp (gUtk; 2 ,il epiyapy; cgnahfg;gLj;jhj xd;W) g{ kw;Wk; fjph;
cUthFk; gUtj;jpy; bjspf;f gupe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

nfhak;g[j;J}h; khtl;lj;jpy] rhFgo bra;ag;gl;Ls;s kf;fhr;nrhsg] gaphpy;

,iyg;g[s;sp kw;Wk; ,iyf;fUfy; nehapd: ghjpg;g[ gutyhf (4-8%) fhzg;gLfpwJ.
,e;nehiaf] fl;Lg;gLj;j vf;lUf;F xU fpnyh nkd;;nfhbrg] 75 WP my;yJ xU fpnyh
bkl;lyhf;rpy] 8%+ nkd;;nfhbrg] 68% vd;w mstpy;; bjspf;fntz;Lk.;
nrhsk;
nfhak;g[j;J}h; khtl;lj;jpy; nrhsk; rhFgo bra;ag;gl;Ls;s gFjpfspy;
Me;j;uhf;ndh!; ,iyg;g[s;sp (12-15%) kw;Wk; JU (10-13%) neha;fspd; ghjpg;g[

18
fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j neha;fisf] fl;Lg;gLj;j vf;lUf;F nkd;nfhbrg] 75 WP xU fpnyh
vd;w mstpy; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;;. njitf]F Vw]g ,ij 10 ehs; fHpj;J jpUk;gt[k;
bjspf;ft[k;.
fk;g[
fk;g[ gaphpy;; JUneha; kw;Wk; Fiynehapd;mwpFwpfs; bjd;gl;lhy; mtw;iwf;
fl;Lg;gLj;j Kiwna nkd;nfhbrg; 75 WP xU vf;lUf;F 1 fpnyh kw;Wk; fhh;gz:lrpk; 50
WP xU vf;lUf;F 500 fpuhk; vd;w mst[fspy; bjspf]ft[k]. njitf]F Vw]g ,ij 15 ehs;
fHpj;J kPz;Lk;; bjspf;ft[k;. fjph; Kw;Wk; gUtj;jpy; kiHapdhy; fjph;fspy; g{rzneha;
bjd;gl;lhy; nkd;nfhbrg; xU vf;lUf;F 1 fpnyh vd;w mstpy; bjspf]ft[k].
nfH;tuF
jpUtz:zhkiy khtl;llj;jpy; rhFgo bra;ag;gl;Ls;s nfH;tuF gaphpy; Fiy
nehapd: jhf;Fjy; 10 Kjy; 17 rjk; tiu fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,jidf; fl;Lg;gLj;j vf;lUf;F
fhh;gz:lrpk; 50 WP @ 500 fpuhk; my;yJ oiuirf;shnrhy; 75 WP @ 500 fpuhk; vd:w
mstpy; bjspf;fg; ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

3. gaW tifg;gaph;fs;
cSe;J
g[Jf;nfhl;il khtl;lj;jpy; g[nuhodpah g[Gtpd; (g[ifapiy btl;Lk; g[G) jhf;Fjy;
kpft[k; Fiwthf; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jidf; fl;Lg;gLj;j
 ,df;ftu;r;rpg; bghwp Vf;fUf;FF 10 vz;fs; itj;J g{r;rpfspd; elkhl;lj;ij
fz;fhzpf;fyhk;
 Vf;fUf;F 50 gwit ,Uf;iffs; itj;J g[Gf;fis fl:Lg;gLj;jyhk;
 tsu;;e;j g[Gf;fis nrfupj;J mHpf;fyhk;
 VnjDk; xU g[{r;rpbfhy;yp kUe;;ij bjspj;J fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;
 mrouhf;od; 0.03% WSP (300 PPM) @ 1000 kpyp/Vf;fh;
 ngrpy!; Jhpd;$pad;rp!; @ 200 – 250 kpyp/Vf;fh;
 g[Sbgd;oahikl; 20 WG @ 120 fpuhk;/Vf;fh;
 Fnshud;l;uhd;ypg[nuhy; 18.5 SC @ 40 kpyp/Vf;fh;
cSe;J kw;Wk; gr;irg;gaW
g[Jf;nfhl;il kw;Wk; kw;w gaW tifg;gaph;fs; rhFgo bra;ag;gl;Ls;s khtl;l';fspy]
jw]nghJ epfGk] fhy epiyapy] rhk;gy] neha] kw;Wk; Edpfha;jy;; nehapd; jhf;fk; Vw]gl
tha]g]g[ cs;sJ. Mfnt tptrhapfs; vf;lUf;F eida[k; fe;jfk; 80 WP (1.5 fpnyh) my;yJ
fhh;gd;lrpk; 50 WP (500 fpuhk;;) my;yJ g[nuhgpfndhnrhy] 25 EC (500 kp.yp.) kUe;ij
rhkgy] neha] bjd;gl;lt[lDk; gj;J ehl;fs; fHpj;Jk; ,uz;L Kiw bjspj;Jf;

19
fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;. g{rzf; bfhy;ypfSf;Fg; gjpyhf/ ntg;g';bfhl;il torhW (5 rjk;)
my;yJ ntg;g vz;bza; (3 rjk;) my;yJ a[{[f;fypg;l!; ,iyr;rhW 10 rjk] gj;J ehl;fs;
,ilbtspapy; ,uz;L Kiw bjspf;ft[k;. ,t]thW bra]tjhy] gapu]fis rhk;gy]
nehapypUe]J ghJfhj]Jf] bfhs]syhk]. Edpfha;jy;; er;Raphp nehapid gug;g[k; g{r;rpia
fl;Lg;gLj;j njitf;nfw;g/ fPH;fz;l g{r;rpf;bfhy;yp kUe;Jfspy; VnjDk; xd;wpid xU
vf;lUf;F bjspj]J fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.
 mrpl;lhkpg;hpl; 20 WP 250 fpuhk;
 kPj;ijy; blkl;lhd; 25 EC 500 kpyp
 ilkPj;njhnal; 30 EC 500 kpyp
 ijnahkPj;jhf;rk; 75 WG 100 fpuhk]
 ,kplhf;Fnshg;hpl; 17.5 SL 250 kpyp

4. vz;bza; tpj;Jf;fs;
epyf;fliy

flY}u; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s g[JTiug;ngl;il fpuhkj;jpy; gapuplg;gl;Ls;s

epyf;fliyapy; gpd;gUt ,iyg;g[s;sp; nehapd; jhf;Fjy; 28 Kjy; 46 rj (PDI) mstpy;
fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;nehia nkyhz;ik bra;a ghjpf;fg;gl;l tay;fspy; vf;lUf;F
fhu;gd;lrpk; 50 WP @ 500 fpuhk; my;yJ nkd;;nfhbrg] 75 WP @ xU fpnyh my;yJ
Fnshnuhjnyhdpy;; 75 WP @ 1 fpnyh vd;w mstpy; bjspf;ft[k;.

vs:
flY}u; khtl;lj;jpy; rhFgo bra;ag;gl;Ls;s vs; gaphpy; g{tpjH; (gpy;nyho) (68%)
kw;Wk] My;lh;ndhpah ,iyg;g[s;sp (40%) neha;fspd] jhf;fk; fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. g{tpjH;
nehapid gug;g[k; g{r;rpia fl;Lg;gLj;j vf;lUf;F ,kplhFnshgphpl; 17.8 SL @ 100 kpyp
vd;w mstpy; bjspf;FkhW mwpt[Wj;jg;gLfpwJ. My;lh;ndhpah ,iyg;g[s;sp nehiaf;
fl;Lg;gLj;j vf;lUf;F nkd;nfhbrg; 75 WP @ 1 fpnyh vd;w mstpy; bjspf;ft[k].

Mkzf;F
Mkzf;Fg; gapupy; bts;is <f;fs; kw;Wk; jj;Jg; g[{r;rpfs; nryk; kw;Wk; ehkf;fy;
khtl;l';fspy; fhzg;gl;lJ. bts;is <f;fis fl;Lg;gLj;j ,kplhf;Fnshg;gpupl; 17.8 %SL.
50 kpyp/ Vf;fu; my;yJ mrplhkpg;gpiul; 20 %SP 140 fpuhk; / Vf;fu; vd;w mstpy; bjspf;f
ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ. jj;Jg;g{r;rpfisf;fl;Lg;gLj 15 ehl;fs; ,ilbtspapy;
mrplhkpg;gpiul; 20 %SP 40 fpuhk; / Vf;fu; my;yJ Fnshjahod; 50 %WDG 20 fpuhk; /
Vf;fu; vd;w mstpy; bjspf;f ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

20
5. gUj;jp

jz;Lf;Tz;tz;L jhf;Fjy; kJiu khtl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,g;g{r;rpia

fl;Lg;gLj;j Fnshu;igupgh!; 25 % EC vd;w g{r;;rpf;bfhy;ypia 480 kpyp/Vf;fu; vd;w
mstpy; Jhu;gFjpapy; Cw;wp Jhu; gFjpia Rw;wp kz; mizf;f gupj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

nryk; kw;Wk; ehkf;fy; khtl;l';fspy; jj;Jg;g{r;;rp jhf;Fjy; fhzg;gl;lJ. tpUJefu;

khtl;lj;jpy; jj;Jg;g{r;rp/ bts;is <f;fs; kw;Wk; mRtpdp jhf;Fjy; fhzg;gl;lJ.
,g;g{r;;rpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j ,;k;kplhFnshgphpl; 17.8 % SL 20 kp.yp./ Vf;fu; my;yJ
gpg;nuhngrpd; 25% SC 400 kp.yp./ Vf;fu; vd;w mstpy; bjspf;f ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.
nfhit, jpz;Lf;fy; kw;Wk; jpUbey;ntyp khtl;l';fspy; rhFgo bra;ag;gl;Ls;s
gUj;jpapy;; My;lh;ndhpah ,iy fUfy;, japh;g[s;sp, fha; mHfy; , ghf;Ohpay; fUfy; kw;Wk;;
g[ifapiy fPw;W er;Raphp (g[ifapiy !;l;hPf;!; itu!;) neha;fspd; jhf;fk; mjpf mstpy;
fhzg;gl;lJ. My;lh;ndhpah ,iy fUfy] kw;Wk] japh;g[s;sp nehiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;j
bQf]!hnfhznrhy; 25 EC @ 500 kpy;yp/vf;lh]] my;yJ og[nfhznrhy; 25 EC @ 500
kpy;yp/vf;lh] my;yJ bkl;ouhk; 55% + ignuhfpyh!]l]nuhgpd; 5% WG my;yJ
l;iugpshf;rp!]ln
; uhgpd: 50% + og[nfhznrhy; 25% 75WG @ 300 fpuhk]/vf;lh] vd;w
mstpy; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. g[ifapiy fPw;W er;Raphp neha; gutiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;j tay;
kw;Wk; tug;g[fspYs;s ghh;j;jPdpak; fisr; brofis mfw;w ntz;Lk;. ,e;nehapid
gug;g[k; g{r;rpfis fl;Lg;gLj;j gpg;nuhdpy; 5% SC @ 1500 kpy;yp/vf;lh] my;yJ
g[nshdpf;ikL 50% WG @ 150 fpuhk]/vf;lh] vd;w mstpy; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

6. fUk;g[
,ilf;fqg;g[G jhf;Fjy; flYhu; kw;Wk; tpGg;g[uk; khtl;l';fspy; fhzg;gl;lJ.
,ijf;fl;Lg;gLj;j el;l ehd;F khjk; Kjy; l;iuf;nfhf;fpuk;kh Kl;il xl;Lz;zpia
Vf;fUf;F xU rp rp vd;w mstpy; 15 ehl;fs; ,ilbtspapy; 6 Kiwtplt[k;. Kl;il
xl;Lz;zp ntshz; g{r;rpapay; Jiw/ jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk; nfhitapy;
fpilf;fpwJ.

kht[g;g{r;rp kw;Wk; bghf;fh ngha'; neha;

fUk;gpy; FUj;J kht[g;g{r;rp kw;Wk; bghf;fh ngha'; neha; jhf;Fjy; mupaYhu;

bguk;gYhu; kw;Wk] flY}u; khtl;l';fspy; fhzg;gl;lJ.. ,jid fl;Lg;gLj;j.

 fuiz neh;j;jp : g[nuhgpfdnrhy; 25 EC @ xU ypl;lh; jz;zPUf;F 1 kpyp (30

epkplk; Cwitj;jy;) + ,kplhFnshgphpl; 70WS @ xU ypl;lh; jz;zPUf;F 1 kpyp
(20 epkplk; Cwitj;jy;).
 bjhlh;e;J taypy; vWk;g[ elkhl;lj;ij ftdpf;f ntz;Lk;.

21
  vWk;gpd; ,af;fj;ij ftdpj;j gpwF cldoahf \d;W vy;iy thpirfspy; kl;Lk;
,kplhFnshgphpl; 17.8 SL @ 3 kpyp / 10 yp (my;yJ) Fnshnuhoudpypg;nuhy; 18.5 SC
@ 4 kpyp / 10 yp (my;yJ) fpshjpdpod; 50 WDG @ 5 fp / 10 yp (my;yJ)
!;ignuhbll;uhbkl; 150 OD @ 12.5 kpyp / 10 yp (my;yJ) gpshdpnfkpl; 50 WG @
3 fp / 10 yp bjspf;ft[k;.
 jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHf fUk;g[ g{!;lh; Kiwna 1 fpfp/ 1.5fpfp kw;Wk;
2fpfp-ia elt[ bra;j 45/ 60/ 75 ehl;fSf;F gpwF bjspf;ft[k;. (ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l
ntshz; eilKiw)
 bghUshjhu tuk;g[ epiyahd 10% kht[g;g{r;rp jhf;Fjy; bjd;gl;lt[ld;/ gpd;tUk;
kUe;Jfis fUk;gpd; FUj;Jg;gFjpia nehf;fp bjspf;ft[k; : g[nuhgpfdnrhy; 25 EC
@ 1 kpyp + ,kplhf;nshg;gpupl; 17.8 SL @ 3kpyp + xl;Lk; gir 1 kpyp + ePh; 1yp el;l 3
khj';fspy; ,Ue;J 3 Kiw 20 ehl;fs; ,ilbtspapy; bjspf;ft[k;.
 bjspg;gjw;F Kd; njhif mfw;Wjiy cWjp bra;at[k;.
 ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l mst[ cu';fs; kw;Wk; Ez;q}l;lr;rj;Jf;fis xt;bthU
kWjhk;g[tpw;F gpwFk; kz; mizf;Fk;nghJ ,l ntz;Lk;.
k";rs; ,iy neha;;
flY}u; khtl;lj;jpy;; gaphplg;gl;Ls;s fUk;g[ gapupy; k";rs; ,iy neha;
fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;nehia fl;Lg;gLj;j elt[ bra;a nehaw;w fuizfs; gad;gLj;jt[k;.
fLikahf ghjpf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspy; kWjhk;g[ gapiuj; jtpu;f;ft[k;. gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l mst[
cu';fisg; gad;gLj;Jt[k;. vspjpy; ghjpf;f Toa fUk;g[ uf';fshd CoV 09356 kw;Wk;
bjhpahj ,uf';fs; elt[ bra;tij jtpu;f;ft[k;. fUk;g[ njhiffis mfw;wp taypy; fis
,y;yhj epiyapy; guhkupf;ft[k;.

7. fha]fwpg]gaph]fs;
fj;jhp

njdp/ nfhit/ tpUJefu;// nryk; kw;Wk; ehkf;fy; khtl;l';fspy; FUj;J kw;Wk;

fha;Jisg;ghd; jhf;Fjy; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,tw;iw fl;Lg;gLj;j jhf;Fjypd; Muk;g epiyapy;
nrjkile;j gFjpfis nrfupj;J mHpf;f ntz;Lk;. braw;if tif igupj;uha;L
kUe;Jfis bjspf;f TlhJ. ntg;g tpijr;rhW 5 rjk; (25 fpnyh/bQf;lh;) my;yJ
mrhouhf;fod; 1 rjk; 30 kpyp/ 10 ypl;lu; my;yJ ,khbkf;od; bgd;nrhnal; 5% SG 4 fpuhk; /
10 ypl;lu; my;yJ jnahofhu;g; 75% WP 20 fpuhk;/10 ypl;lu; my;yJ g[Gbgd;oaikL
20%WDG 7.5 fpuhk; / 10 ypl;lu; bjspf;f ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

22
 nfhit khl;lj;jpy; jj;Jg;g{r;rp jhf;Fjy; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jidf;fl;Lg;gLj;j
ilbehlgpa{[uhd; 70% WG 1.7 fpuhk; / 10 ypl;lu; my;yJ ilkPj;njhnal; 30% EC 10 kpyp; / 10
ypl;lu; bjspf;f ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

btz;il

fha;g[Gf;fspd; jhf;Fjy; kJiu khtl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jidf; fl:Lg;Lj;j

,df;ftu;rpg;bghwp Vf;fUf;F 5 vz;fs; itf;ft[k;. nrjkile;j fha;fis nrfupj;J
mHpf;ft[k;/ l;iuf;nfhf;fpuk;kh Kl;il xl;Lz;zpfis Vf;fUf;F xU rprp vd;w mstpy;
tplt[k;/ Ftpdhy;gh!; 25 % EC 8 kpyp / 10 ypl;lu; my;yJ ,khbkf;od; bgd;nrhnahl; 5
% SG 2 fpuhk; / 10 ypl;lu; bjspf;f ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

jj;Jg;g{r;fp jhf;Fjiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;j ,kplhf;Fnshgpupl; 17.8% SL 2 kpyp / 10 ypl;lu;

my;yJ jhakPj;jhf;rhk; 25% WG xU fpuhk; / 10 ypl;lu; bjspf;f ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

jf;fhsp

fha;j;Jisg;ghd; jhf;Fjy; njdp khtl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jidf;fl;Lg;gLj;j

Vf;fUf;F 5 ,df;ftu;rpg;bghwp itf;fntz;Lk;/ tsu;e;j g[Gf;fis ifahy; bghWf;fp
mHpf;ntz;Lk;. l;;iuf;nfhf;fpuk;kh Kl;il xl;Lz;zpfis Vf;fUf;F xU rprp vd;w
mstpy;; tpl ntz;Lk; mrhouhf;od; 1.0 % EC (10000 ppm) 20 kpyp / 10 ypl;lu; my;yJ
,d;lhf;rfhu;g; 14.5 % SC 8 kpyp / 10 ypl;lu; my;yJ g[Gbgd;oaikL 20 % WG 2 fpuhk; /
10 ypl;lu; bjspf;f ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

jf;fhsp gaphpy; g[s;sp thly;/ ,iy RUl;L kw;Wk; Kd;gUt ,iyf;fUfy;

neha:fspd: jhf;Fjy; fpU#;zfphp/ nfhak;g[j;J}h]/ jpz:Lf;fy]/ njdp kw;Wk; jUkg[hp
khtl;l';fspy; gutyhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. g[s;sp thly; kw;Wk; ,isr;RUl;L er;Raphpfis
gug;g[k; ,iyg;ngd;fs] kw;Wk; bts;is <f;fis fl;Lg;gLj;j ilkPnjhnal] 30 EC @ 500
kp.yp./ vf;lh; my;yJ ,kplhFnshgphpl; 17.8 SL @ 100 kp.yp./ vf;lh; vd;w mstpy;
bjspf;fyhk.; g{r;rpf; bfhy;yp kUe;ij 15 ehl;fs; ,ilbtspapy; nehapd; jPtpuj;ijg;
bghWj;J kPz;Lk; bjspf;ft[k;. Kd;gUt ,iyg;g[s;sp nehiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;j nkd;nfhbrg;
75%WP vd;w g{rzf;bfhy;ypia vf;lUf;F 500 fpuhk; (m) mrhf;rp!;l;nuhgpd; + ilbgd;
nfhdhnrhy; 500kpyp/vf;lh; vd;w mstpy; bjspf;ft[k;.
nfhit khtl;lk;] bjhz;lhKj;J}u; bjhFjp, eurpg[uk] fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s jf]fhsp
njhl]lj]jpy] E}w;g[G jhf;fk] gw]wp mwpa kz; khjphpfs] fs Ma;t[f;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Ma;t[fspd;
Kotpy; taypy; vLf;fg;gl;l kz; khjphpapy; (200 fpuhk;) nth; Kor;rp E}w;g[Gf;fspd; vz;zpf;if
193;; kw;Wk] nth; khjphpapy] 71 ,sk] bgz] E}w;g[Gf;fs; Kiwna gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;lJ. ghpe;Jiufs; :

23
Kl;il xl;Lz;zp g{rzkhd bghf;nfhzpah 2.5 fpnyh / ntg;gk;gpz;zhf;F 250 fpnyh vf;lh;
vd;w mstpy; kz;zpypLjy
KU';if

,iy ,izf;Fk; g[G jhf;Fjy; njdp khtl;lj;jpy; fzg;gl;lJ/ ,jidf;

gl;Lg;gLj;j ngrpy!; Jup";rpbad;rp!; 20 kpyp/ 10 yp;;l;lu; vd;w mstpy; bjspf;f
ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

g[liy

gH <f;fspd; jhf;Fjy; njdp khtl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ/ ,jidf; fl;Lg;gLj;j

irahd;l;uhdpypg;g[nuhy; 10.26 % OD 18 kpyp / 10 ypl;lu; my;yJ mrhrouhf;od; 0.03%
(3000 ppm) 50 kpyp / 10 ypl;lu; bjspf;f ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

Riuf;fha;
nfhak;g[j;J}h; khtl;lk;/ md]Dh] tl;lhuj;jpy; gaphplg;gl;Ls:s Riuf;fha; gaphpy; jz;oy;
rhW toa[k; nehapd; jhf;Fjy;fs; M';fh';nf bgUkstpy; (50%) bjd;gLfpwJ. ,ijf;
fl;Lg;gLj;j Fnshnuhjnyhdpy;; 75 WP vd;w g{";rhzf; bfhy;yp kUe;ij xU ypl;lh;
jz:zPUf;F 2 fpuhk; tPjk;; bjspj;Jf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;. nehapd; jPtpuj;ijg; bghWj;J 7
ehl;fs; ,ilbtspapy; kPz;Lk; bjspf;fyhk;.

kpsfha;

,iyg;ngd; jhf;Fjy; kJiu khtl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,iyg;ngd; kw;Wk;

,iyr;rpye;jp jhf;Fjy; nryk; kw;Wk; ehkf;fy; khtl;l';fspy; fhzg;gl;lJ.

,iyg;ngd; jhf;Fjiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;j mfj;jpia CLgapuhf gapu;bra;a ntz;Lk;.

,kplhf;Fnshg;gpl;17.8 SL 3 kpyp / 10 ypl;lh; my;yJ ,khbkf;od; bgd;nrhnal; 5% SG 4
fpuhk;/ 10 ypl;lu; my;yJ mrplhkpgpiuL 20 SP 10 fpuhk; / 10 ypl;lh; bjspf;f
ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

,iyr;rpye;jp jhf;Fjiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;j bgdhrhFapd; 10 EC @ 2 kpyp/ ypl;lu;

my;yJ bgd;iguhf;rpnkl; 5 EC @ 10 kpyp/10 ypl;lu; my;yJ g[uhbgu;ifl; 57 EC @
25 kpyp/ 10 ypl;lu; bjspf;f ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.
jpz:Lf;fy; kw;Wk; nfhak;g[j;J}h; khtl;l';fspy; gaphplg;gl;Ls:s kpsfha; gaphpy]
,iy RUl;L kw;Wk; njky; neha;fspd; jhf;Fjy] fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j itu!: neha;fisg;
gug;g[k; g{r;rpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j ilkPnjhnal] 30 EC @ 500 kp.yp./ vf;lh; my;yJ

24
,kplhFnshgphpl; 17.8 SL @ 100 kp.yp./ vf;lh; vd;w mstpy; bjspf;fyhk.; nkYk;/ neha;
jhf;Fz;l brofis mfw;wp mHpf;ft[k;. g{r;rpf; bfhy;yp kUe;ij 15 ehl;fs; ,ilbtspapy;
nehapd; jPtpuj;ijg; bghWj;J kPz;Lk; bjspf;ft[k;.
nfhit khtl;lk] bjhz;lhKj;J}u; bjhFjp fuokil fpuhkj;j[py; kpsfha] rhFgo
bra;a[k; tay;fspy; fsMa;t[ nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;lJ. Ma;t[fspd; Kotpy; kpsfha] gaphpfspy;
nth;Kor;R E}w;g[G 200 fpuhk; kz;zpy; 82 vd;w mstpy; fhzg;gl;lJ. ghpe;Jiufs; :
ntg;gk; gpz;zhf;F vf;lUf]F 250 fpnyhfpuhk; vd;w mstpy; ,Ljy;.

kuts;sp fpH';F

nryk; khtl;lj;jpy; bts;is <f;fs/; kht[g;g{r;rp kw;Wk; ,iyr; rpye;jp jhf;Fjy;

fhzg;gl;lJ. brk;ngd; jhf;Fjiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;j bgdhrhFapd;10 % EC 20 kp.yp./ 10
ypl;lh; my;yJ g[uhg;gu;ifl; 20% EC 20 kp.yp./10 ypl;lh; vd;w mstpy; bjspf;f
ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

bts;is <f;fspd; jhf;Fjiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;j Jj;jp nghd;w fiyr;brofis mHpf;f

ntz;Lk;. Vf;fUf;F 5 vz;fs; kÌ;rs; epw xl;Lg;bghwp itf;fntz;Lk;. jiHr;rj;J cuj;ij
gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l mst[ kl;Lnk gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. ntg;bgz;iz 3 rjk; (30
kp.yp./ypl;lh;) bjspf;f ntz;Lk; my;yJ kPd; mkpy nuhrpd; nrhg;g[ 25 fpuhk; /ypl;lh;
my;yJ kPj;ijy; blbkl;lhd; 25 % EC 20 kp.yp./ 10 ypl;lh; vd;w mstpy; bjspf;f
ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

kht[g;g{r;rpia fl;Lg;gLj;j mdhifu!; nyhg;grp vDk; xl;Lz;zpia Vf;fUf;F

100-200 vz;fs; kw;Wk; gr;ir fz;zho ,wf;if g{r;rp vd;w ,iw tpG';;fp Kl;il
Vf;fUf;F 400 vz;fs; vd;w mstpy; kht[g;g{r;rpapd; =d;whk; gUtk; my;yJ tsh;e;j bgz;
g{r;rpfs; ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; tplntz;Lk;. ,e;j xl;Lz;zp kuts;sp kw;Wk; Mkzf;F
Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ Vj;jhg;g{u;/ nryk; khtl;lj;jpy; fpilf;fpwJ. gr;ir fz;zho ,wf;if
g{r;rp jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk;/ nfhitapy; fpilf;fpwJ.

8. gHg]gaph]fs;
kh
jj;Jg;g{r;rp jhf;Fjy; njdp khtl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jidf; fl;Lg;gLj;j
,kplhf;;nshg;gpupl; 17.8 SL 20 kpyp / 10 ypl;lu; my;yJ jhkPj;jhf;rhk; 25 WG 10 fpuhk;
/ 10 ypl;lu; bjspf;f ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

25
bfha;ah
kht[g;g{r;rp kw;Wk; njapiyf;bfhR ehtha;g;g{r;rp jhf;Fjy; njdp khtl;lj;jpy;
fhzg;gl;lJ. kht[g;g{g{r;rp jhf;Fjiyf; fl:Lg;gLj;j fpupg;nlhypk!; bghwptz;Lfis xU
kuj;jpw;F 10 vz;w vz;zpf;ifapy; tplntz;Lk;. ,jidf; fl;Lg;gLj;j kPj;ijy;
a{$pdhy; bghwpfs; Vf;fUf;F 4 vz;fs; itf;fntz;Lk;. ntg;bgz;iza; 3 rjk; (30 kpyp
xU ypl;lUf;F) bjspj;J fl:Lg;gLj;jyhk;.
gH <f;fspd; jhf;Fjy; njdp khtl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ. gH <f;fspd; jhf;Fjiyf;
fl;Lg;gLj;j ghjpf;fg;gl;l midj;J gH';fisa[k; nrfupj;J mHpf;f ntz;Lk;. kPj;ijy;
a{$pdhy; gH < bghwpia xU Vf;fUf;F 4 vz;fs; itf;ft[k;/ ntg;btz;iza; 3 rjk;
(30kpyp/ ypl;lu;) bjspj;J fl:Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

bfha]ah ku';fspy nth;Kor;R E}w;g[G jhf]fk] jkpHfj]jpy] nfhaKj;J}h] jpz;Lf;fy;/

flYhh;/; kJiu;/ bjd]fhrp;/ tpUJefh;/ g[Jnfhl]il/ jpUtz]zkiy kw]Wk] flY}h; khtl;l';fspy;
fhzg]gLfpwJ. ,e;E}w;g[Gf;fs; jhf;Fjyhy; ,iyfs; gGg;g[ epwkhfp bjhlh;e;J k";rs; epwkhfp
RUz;L fhzg;gLk;. nth; gFjpfspy; nth; Kor;Rfs;; fhzg;gLk] nkYk; nth;fs; fUg;g[ epwkhfp
mGfpa[k; fhzg;gLk;. ,jid fl;Lg;gLj;j 2.5 fpnyh gh;g[hpnahrpypak] ypyhrpdk; (bgrpnyhikr!;
ypy]yhrpd!;) kw;Wk; 2.5 fpnyh bghf;nfhdpah fpnshkpnlh!;nghupah caphpdf; fyitia 100
fpnyh bjhG cuk;; fye;;J 15 ehl;fSf;F epHypy; itj;J ePh; bjspj;J itf]f ntz]Lk]. gpd;dh; ,]e]j
caphpdf fyitia kuj;jpw;F 500 fpuhk; tPjk; ,uz;L khj';fSf;F xU Kiw ,lntz;Lk;.
nfe;jp kyh] broia kuj;ijr] Rw]wp tsh]f]f ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ. E}w;g[Gf;fs; mjpfKs;s
,l';fspy; xU Vf;fUf;F g[[Siguk;; 500 kpy]yp ypl;lh; mjid bjhlh;e;J fhh;igd;lhrpk; 2 fpuhk;/
1 ypl;lh; jz;zPh; kw;Wk; ignlhyhd; 2 fpuhk;/ 1 ypl;lh; ePhpy; fye;J; kuj;ij Rw;wp Cw;wt[k;
ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

vYkpr;ir

rpye;jp[ jhf;Fjy; njdp kw;Wk; kJiu khtl;l';fspy; fhzg;gl;lJ.

,jidf;fl;Lg;Lj;j lahbgd;jpa{uhd; 50 WP 20 fpuhk; / 10 ypl;lu; bjspf;f
ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

jpuhl;ir

,iyg;ngd;fspd; jhf;Fjy; njdp khtl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jidf;fl;Lg;Lj;j

rhahz;l;uhdpypg;g[nuhy; 10.26 OD .8 kpyp / 10 ypl;lu; my;yJ ,khbkf;od;bgd;brhnal;
5 SG 40 fpuhk; / 10 ypl;lu; bjspf;f ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

thiH
rpfhnlhfh ,iyg;g[s;spneha; thiH gaphplg;gl;Ls;s khtl;l';fspy; gutyhf
fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;nehia fl;Lg;gLj;j

26
 kpft[k; ghjpj;j xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L mo ,iyfis mfw;wp vhpf;ft[k; my;yJ
kz;zpy; g[ijj;J tplt[k;.
 fhh;gd;lhrpk; 50 WP @ 500fp/ vf;lUf;F my;yJ khd;nfhbrg; 1000 fp / vf;lUf;F
xU khj ,ilbtspapy; bjspf;ft[k;
 khw;whf g[nuhgpbfhdnrhy; 25 EC 500 kpyp/vf;lh: + kpduy; vz;bza; 10kpyp/ 1
ypl;lUf;F fye;J bjspf;ft[k;. xl;Lk; jputk; Og;ghy; my;yJ nrhg;g[ fiury; 5kpyp / 10
ypl;lh; kUe;J fiurYld; nrh;f;ft[k;.

9. thrid kw;Wk; kiyj; njhl;;lg;gaph;fs;

fUntg;gpiy
rpy;ypL my;yJ Fjpf;Fk; g{r;rp kw;Wk; ,iyr;RUl;Lg;g[G jhf;Fjy; nfhit
khtl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jidf;fl;Lg;Lj;j jahkPj;jhf;rhk; 25% WG 4 fpuhk;/10 ypl;lu;
ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,iyr;RUl;Lg;g[G jhf;Fjiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;j
Fnshuhd;l;uhdpypg;g[nuhy; 18.5 % SC 3kpyp /10 ypl;lu; bjspf;f gupe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.
ed;ik bra;a[k; g{r;rpfis mjpfupf;f CLgapuhf jl;ilg;gaiua[k; jLg;g[g; gapuhf
nrhsj;jija[k; gapu; bra;a ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

bjd;id
bts;is <f;fs;/ vupnahigl; rpye;jpffs; kw;Wk; fhz;lh kpUf tz;L jhf;Fjy;
vy;yh khtl;l';fspYk; fhzg;gl;lJ. rptg;g[f;Tz; tz;L jhf;Fjy; nfhit kw;Wk;
khtl;l';fspy; fhzg;gl;lJ.
bjd;idapy; bts;is <f;fis fl;Lg;gLj;j xU';fpize]j nkyhz]ik
 k"]rs] epw ghypj;jPd; jhs;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;l/ ,uz;L g[wKk; tpsf;bfz;bza;
jltg;gl;l k"]rs] epw xl;Lk; bghwpfs; (ePsk] 5 mo x mfyk] 1.5 mo) Vf;fUf;F 8
tPjk; 6 mo cauj;jpy; bjh';;ftpl;Lk; my;yJ bjd;id ku';;fspd; jz;Lg;gFjpapy;
Rw;;wpa[k; <f]fspd; elkhl]lj]ij fz;fhzpj;Jk; ftu;e;Jk; mHpf;fyhk;.
 jhf]fg]gl]l ku']fspy] cs]s fPH]kl]l Xiyfspd] cl;gFjpapy; gLkhW tpirj]
bjspg]ghidf] bfhz]L kpf ntfkhf jz]zPiu gPa;r;rp moj;J bjspg]gjd]
\ykhft[k; <f]fspd] vz]zpf]if bgUFtij Fiwf]fyhk].
 bts]i
 s <f]fspd; ,s';F"]Rfis fl]Lg]gLj]Jk]/ jpwd; bfhz;l xl]Lz]zp Fstp
vd]fhh]rpah (Encarsia guadeloupae) Tl]Lg]g[G gUtj;ij cs]slf]fpa bjd]id
Xiyfs] Vf]fUf]F 10 ,iy Jz]Lfs; tPjk; 10 kuj;jpw;F xU ,iyj;Jz;L vd;w
vz;zpf;ifapy; jhf]fg]gl]l Xiyfspd] kPJ 10 vd;w mstpy; kuk] ,ilbtspapy]
itj]Jk;/ fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

27
  fpiunrhgpl; (Chrysopid) vd;w gr]ir fz]zho ,wf]if g{r;rp ,iutpG';fp
Kl]ilfis Vf]fUf]F 400 tPjk] jhf]fg]gl]l ku';fspy] itj;Jk; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.
 RUs; bts;is <f]fspd; jhf;Fjyhy; gpd;tpisthf Vw;gLk; fUk]g{rzj]ij
fl]Lg]gLj]j ikjh kht[ gir (Paste) fiuriy xU ypl]lh] jz]zPhpy] 25 fpuhk]
kw;Wk; xl;Lk; jputk; xU kpyp nru;j;J fPH; ,iy mLf;Ffspy; goe;jpUf;Fk;
fUk;g[rhz';fspd; nky; ed;whf gLkhW bjspf;ft[k;. ikjh kht[ gir bjspj;j 3
Kjy; 5 ehl;fspy; ,iyfspy; goe;jpUe;j fUg;g{rz';fs; btapypy; fha;e;J
cjpu;e;JtpLk;.
 RUs] bts]is <f]fis mHpf]Fk] jpwd] gilj]j ,aw;if vjpupfshd vd]fhh]rpah
xl]Lz]zp Fstpfs]/ fpiunrhgpl] ,iutpG';fpfs]/ ifnynfhup!] vd;w bghwp
tz]Lfis njhg;g[fspy; ,aw]ifahf gy]fp ,dg]bgUf]fk] mila VJthf
rhke;jpg{/ R{upafhe;jp/ jl;ilg;gaW nghd;w gapu;fis bjd;de;njhg;g[fspy;
gapu;bra;a ntz;Lk;. .
 braw]if ighpj]jpuha]L kw]Wk] ,urhad g{r]rpf] bfhy]ypfs; ,aw]if vjpupfis
mHpj]J tpLtjhy; mtw;iw mwnt gad]gLj]jnt TlhJ.
 gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l cu';fis ,l;L jz;zPu;; gha;r;r ntz;Lk;.

fhz;lhkpUf tz;il fl;Lg;gLj;j xU';fpize]j nkyhz]ik

 ,we;j ku';fis mg;g[wg;gLj;jp vupj;J tplt[k;.

 vUf]FHpapy; fhzg]gLk] g[Gf;fs; kw]Wk; Tl]Lg]g[Gf;fisr; nrfhpj;J mHpf]ft[k].
 \d]W me]JUz]ilfis eLf]FUj]ijr] Rw]wpa[s]s 3 kl]il ,Lf]Ffspy] xd]W
tPjk] itf]ft[k] my]yJ ntg]g';bfhl]il J}s] 150 fpuhk; kw;Wk; fha]e]j kzy; 300
fpuhk; vd;w mstpy] fye]J eLf]FUj]Jg]gFjpapy] Jhtptplyhk;.
 vUf]FHpapy] tsh]e]J tUk] g[Gf]fis mHpf]f kiHf]fhy';fspy] gr]ir k!]fhh]od]
(Metarhizium anisopliae) vd]w g{"]rhzj]ij 5x1011tpj]Jf]fs]/kP3 vd]w mstpy]
Cw]wyhk;.
 iundhypa{h] fth]r]rpg]bghwpfis vf]lUf]F xd]W tPjk; itj;J Mz] kw]Wk] bgz;
tz]Lfisf; fth]e]J mHpf]fyhk].
 fth]r]rpg]bghwpfis bjd;id kuj]jpnyh my]yJ Xiyfspnyh fl]o itg;gij
jtph]f]ft[k].
 fth;r;rpg; bghwpfspy; tpGk; tz;Lfisf; fz;fhzpj;J cldoahf mHpj;J tpl
ntz;Lk;.

28
  Mkzf]F gpz]zhf]F 1 fpnyh 1 ypl]lh] jz]zPUld] cs]s ghidfis Vf]fUf]F
30 tPjk] itj]J tz]Lfisf] fth]e]J mHpf]fyhk].
 kuj;jpd; FUj;Jg; ghfj;jpy; tz;Lfs; nrjg;gLj;jpa Jisfspy; fk;gpia
cl;brYj;jp tsh;e;j tz;Lis btspna vLj;J mHpj;J tplntz;Lk;.
 nfhil kw;Wk; kiH fhy';fspy; ,ut[ neuj;jpy; tpsf;F bghwpfis Vf;fUf;F xd;W
tPjk; itj;J tz;Lfis ftu;e;J mHpf;fyhk;.
 xd;Wf;Fk; nkw;gl;l nkyhz;ik Kiwfis XU';fpizj;J nkw;bfhz;lhy; jhd;
fhz;lhkpUf tz;od; jhf;Fjiyj; Fiwf;f Koa[k;.
 bjd;id tptrhapfs; Tl;lhf xd;W nrh;e;J nkyhz;ik Kiwfis
filg;gpoj;jhy; TLjy; gyd; fpilf;Fk;.
rptg;g[ Td; tz;L xU';fpize]j nkyhz]ik
 ,t;tz;odhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l bjd;id ku';fis Muk;g epiyapy; fz;lwptJ fodk;
vd;gjhy; tUk; Kd; fhf;Fk; tHpKiwfSf;F Kf;fpaJtk; mspf;f ntz;Lk;.
 fhz;lhkpUf tz;od; jhf;Fjy; Td; tz;od; jhf;FjYf;F typtFg;gjhy;/ ghjpf;fg;gl;l
bjd;de;njhg;g[fspy; fhz;lhkpUf tz;il fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; tHpKiwfis gpd;gw;w
ntz;Lk;.
 kuj;jpy; Vw;gLk; fha';fspy; Td]tz]L Kl]ilapLtjhy]/ fha';fs;Vw;glhky;
ghh;j;Jf;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
 gr]ir kl]ilfis btl]Ltijj] jtph]f]ft[k]/ mtrpak] Vw]gl]lhy] jz]Lg] gFjpapypUe]J 3
mo js]sp btl]lt[k].
 ,o jhf]fpa/ Td] tz]L jhf]fpa ku';fs] njhg;gpy; ,Ue;jhy;/ cldoahf mg;g[wg;gLj;jp
jPapl;L mHpf;f ntz;Lk;.
 fth;r;rpg; bghwpfs; vf;lUf;F xd;W tPjk; itj;J rptg;g[ Td; tz;Lfis fth;e;J
mHpf;fyhk;.
 fth;r;rpg; bghwpapy; ftug;gLk; tz;Lfis mt;tg;nghJ fz;fhzpj;J mHpf;f ntz;Lk;.

vupnahigl; rpye;jpia fl;Lg;gLj;j xU';fpize]j nkyhz]ik

 rhpahd cu kw]Wk; ePh] eph]thfk] bra]tjd] \yk] kl]Lnk <hpnahigapl; rpye]jpapd]

jhf]Fjiy[ Fiwf]f Koa[k]. jhf]fg]gl]l ku';fSf]F a{upah 1.3 fpnyh/ R{g;gu; gh!;ngl;
2.0 fpnyh/ bghl;lh#; 3.5 fpnyh/ Ez;rj;J 1 fpnyh/ $pg;rk; 1 fpnyh/ ntg;gk;
g[z;zhf;F 5 fpnyh kf;fpa Fg;ig 50 fpnyh/ ,e;j cu mst[fs; xU kuj;jpw;F xU
tUlj;jpw;F. ,e;j cuj;ij ,uz;lhf gpupj;J MW khjj;jpw;F xU Kiw ,l
ntz]Lk].

29
  jhf]fg]gl]l ku';fspy] xU ypl]lh] jz]zPhpy] mrouhf]od; (1%) 3 kpyp (my]yJ)
ntg]bgz]bza; 30 kp.yp/ ypl;lu;. kUe]jpid ypl]lUf]F xU kp.yp. xl]Lj]jputk]
fye]J $dthp/ khh]r] kw]Wk] nk khj';fspy] bjspf]fyhk]. Fwpg]ghf45ehs;
FUk]igfspy] bjspj]jhy] nghJkhdJ.
 mrhouhf]od] 1% (10 kp.yp) kUe]jpid 100 kp.yp. jz]zPUld] fye]J nth]\yk]
brYj]jt[k;. (tUlj]jpw]F \d]W Kiw).
 nkYk] jkpH]ehL ntshz]ik gy]fiyf]fHfj]jpd] bjd]id lhdpf]if kuj]jpw]F
200 kpy]yp vd]w mstpy] MW khj ,ilbtspapy] tUlj]jpw]F 2 Kiw nth]\yk]
brYj]jt[k].
fUe;jiyg; g[Gf;fis fl;Lg;gLj;j xU';fpize]j nkyhz]ik Kiwfs;
 kpft[k] ghjpf]fg]gl]l mokl;l ,iyfis kuj;jpy; ,Ue;J 3 mo tpl;;L/ btl]o vhpj]J
tplt[k]. ,jdhy; jhf;fg;gl;l ,iyfspy; cs;s Kl;ilfs;/ g[Gf;fs; kw;Wk;
Tz;Lg;g[Gf;fs; mHpf;fg;gl;L nrjk; FiwfpwJ.
 ,ut[ 7 kzp Kjy] 11 kzp tiuapy] Vf;fUf;F xU tpsf]Fg] bghwpitj]J
me]Jg]g{r]rpfspd] elkhl]lj]ijf]] fz]fhzpj;Jk; ftu;e;Jk;/ mHpf;fyhk;. ,t;thW
bra;tjhy; me;jp g{r;rpfs; Kl;il ,:LtJ Fiwe;J/ jhf;Fjy; jLf;fg;gLfpwJ.
 fUe]jiyg] g[Gf;fspd; jhf]Fjy] Muk]g epiyapy] ,Uf]Fk] nghJ Vf]fUf]F 21
ghf;bfl; (2100 vz;fs;) gpuf]fhdpl] xl]Lz]zpfis 21 ehl]fs] ,il btspapy] 2
Kjy; 3 Kiw tpl ntz;Lk;. Xl;Lz;zpfis njhg;gpd; FWf;nf ele;J
tplntz;Lk;.
 ,e;j xl;Lz;zp Fstpfs; fUe;jiyg;g[Gtpd; clypy; Kl;ilapl;L
fUe;jiyg;g[Gf;fis mHpf;fT[oait. ,it bjd;id Muha;r;rp epiyak; MHpahu;
efupy; fpilf;Fk;.
bjd;idf;F gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l cu';fshd a{upah 1.3 fpnyh/ R{g;gu; gh!;ngl; 2
fpnyh/ bghl;lh#; 3.5 fpnyh kf;fpa Fg;ig -50 fpnyh/ Ez;rj;J 1 fpnyh/ ntg;gk;
gpz;zhf;F 5 fpnyh ,l;L njitahd mst[ jz;zPu; gha;r;r ntz;Lk;. ,e;j mst[fs;
xU kuj;jpw;F xU tUlj;jpw;F. ,e;j cu mst[it ,uz;lhf gpupj;J 6 khjj;jpw;F xU Kiw
,;l ntz;Lk;.
nth;thly; neha;
bjd;idapy; nth;thly; nehahdJ nfhaKj;J}h;/ njdp/ bjd;fhrp/ jpUg;g{h;/
jpUbey;ntyp kw;Wk; fd;dpahFkhp khtl;l';fspy; gutyhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;nehapid
fPH;tUk; xU';fpize;e nkyhz;ik Kiwfisf; bfhz;L fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.
 nkhrkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;l ku';fis btl;o mfw;w ntz;Lk;.

30
  rhpahd tofhy; trjp bra;antz;Lk;.
 gRe]jhs] cu']fshd jl]ilg]gaW/ rzg]ig my;yJ jf]ifg]g{z]L Mfpatw]iw
tl]lg]ghj]jp my;yJ njhg;g[ gFjp KGtJk; tsh;j;J g{f]Fk] Kd]dnu klf;fp cGJ
tpl ntz]Lk].
 ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l msthd xU kuj;jpw;F bjhG cuk;- 50 fpnyh/ ntg;gk;
g[z;zhf;F- 5 fpnyh/ a{hpah- 1.3 fpnyh/ Ng;gh; gh!;ngl;- 2 fpnyh kw;Wk; \hpnal;
Mg; bghl;lh#;- 3.5 fpnyh vd;w mstpy; rhp ghjpahf gphpj;J MW khj
,ilbtspapy; ,uz;L Kiw ,l ntz]Lk].
 xU kuj;jpw;F 100 fpuhk; oiuf;nfhblh;kh m!;gbuy;yk;/ 100 fpuhk; ngrpy;y!;
rg;oyp!;/ 100 fpuhk; mnrh!;ighpy;yk;;/ 100 fpuhk; gh!;nghghf;Ohpah kw;Wk; 50 fpuhk;;
nth;cl;g{rzk; Mfpatw]iw 5 fpnyh kf;fpa bjhG cuj;Jld; fye]J tUlj]jpw]F
,U Kiw tl;lg;ghj;jpapy; ,l;L kz;iz fpswptpl ntz]Lk].
 jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHfj;jpd; bjd;id lhdpf; 40 kpy;ypia 160
kpy;yp jz;zPUld;] fye]J Mz;ow]F ,uz;L Kiw nth; \yk; brYj;j ntz]Lk].
 ,iy mGfy; kw;Wk; FUj;jGfy; bjd;gl;lhy;/ xU kuj;jpw;F 2 kpy;yp
bQf;rhnfhdnrhy; 5 EC g{rzf;bfhy;ypia 300 kpy;yp ypl;lh; jz;zPhpy; fye;J
kuj;jpd; FUj;Jg; gFjpapy;; Cw;w ntz;Lk;.
 neha]f;fhuzpia gug;g[k; rhW cwp";Rk; g{r;rpfshd fz;zho ,wf;if kw]Wk;
jj;Jg;g{r;rpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j ntg;g';bfhl;il bgho 200 fpuhk; rhptpfpj
kzYld; fye;J kuj;jpd; FUj;Jg; gFjpapy;; ,lntz;Lk;.
 jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHfj;jpd; ‘nfhnfhfhd;’ jha; Ez;qaph;
fyitia (5 ypl;lh;)/ fUk;g[r;rh;f;fiu (10 fpnyh)/ japh; (5 ypl]lh;)/ rikay; cg;g[ (500
fpuhk;) kw;Wk; jz;zPh; (150 ypl]lh;) cld; fye;J 5-7 ehl;fs; tsh;f;fntz;Lk;.
,t;thW ,dg;bgUf;fkhd ‘nfhnfhfhd;’; Ez;qaphpia kuj;jpw;F 2 ypl]lh; vd;w
mstpy; 8 ypl]lh; jz;zPh; fye]J nth; gFjp ed;F eida[khW \d;W khj
,ilbtspapy; Cw;wntz]Lk]. ‘nfhnfhfhd;’; jha;f;fyit nfhak;g[j;J}h; jkpH;ehL
ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHfj;jpd; gaph; nehapay; Jiwapy; fpilf;fpwJ.
moj;jz;lGfy; neha;
bjd;idapy; moj;jz;lGfy;; nehahdJ/ nfhit/ jpUg;g{h;/ fpU#;zfpup, <nuhL/
fhnthp bly;lh kw;Wk; flnyhu khtl;l';fspy; gutyhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;nehapid
fPH;tUk; xU';fpize;j nkyhz;ik Kiwfisf; bfhz;L fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.
 ghjpj;J ,we;j ku';fis cldoahf btl;o mfw;w ntz;Lk;.

31
  gRe]jhs] cu']fshd jl]ilg]gaW/ rzg]ig my;yJ jf]ifg]g{z]L Mfpatw]iw
tl]lg]ghj]jp my;yJ njhg;g[ gFjp KGtJk; tsh;j;J g{f]Fk] Kd]dnu klf;fp cGJ
tpl ntz]Lk].
 xU kuj;jpw;F tUlj]jpw]F 50 fpnyh bjhG cuk;/ 5 fpnyh ntg;gk; g[z;zhf;F/ 1.3
fpnyh a{hpah/ 2 fpnyh Ng;gh; gh!;ngl; kw;Wk; 3.5 fpnyh \hpnal; Mg; bghl;lh#;
vd;w mstpy; rhp ghjpahf gphpj;J MW khj ,ilbtspapy; ,uz;L Kiw ,l
ntz]Lk].
 xU kuj;jpw;F 100 fpuhk; oiuf;nfhblh;kh V!;gbuy;yk;/ 100 fpuhk; ngrpy;y!;
rg;oyp!;/ 100 fpuhk; mnrh!;ighpy;yk;;/ 100 fpuhk; gh!;nghghf;Ohpah kw;Wk; 50 fpuhk;;
nth;cl;g{rzk; Mfpatw]iw 5 fpnyh kf;fpa bjhG cuj;Jld; fye]J tUlj]jpw]F
,U Kiw tl;lg;ghj;jpapy; ,l;L kz;iz fpswptpl ntz]Lk].
 1 rj nghh;nlh fyit kuj;jpw;F 40 ypl;lh; vd;w mstpy; ntiu Rw;wp Cw;wntz;Lk;
(Fwpg;g-[ Ez;qaphpfs; gad;gLj;jp ,Ue;jhy;/ nghh;nlhfyit cgnahfj;ij
jtph;f;ft[k;).
 xU kuj;jpw;F bQf;rhnfhdnrhy; 5 EC 2 kp.yp vd;w mstpy; 100 k.p.yp ePUld;
fye;J 3-4 khj ,ilbtspapy; (nehapd; jPtpuk; bghWj;J) nth; \yk;
cl;brYj;jt[k;.
fhg;gp

rptg;g[ jz;Lj;Jisg;ghd;/ bts;is jz;Lj;Jisg;ghd; kw;Wk; fhg;gp bfhl;il

Jisg;ghd; jhf;Fjy; nryk; khtl;lk; Vw;fhl;oy; fhzg;gl;lJ. jz;Lj;Jisg;ghd;
jhf;fFjiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;j
 fhg;gp brofSf;F bghJkhd mst[ epHy; Vw;gLj;j ntz;Lk;
 khu;r; kw;Wk; brg;lk;gu; khj';;fspy; jhf;fg;gl;l brofis nrhjid bra;J mHpf;f
ntz;Lk;.
 ,df;ftu;rpg; bghwpfis Vf;fUf;F 10 vz;fs; itf;fntz;Lk;
 broapd; jz;Lg;gFjpapy; xl;o ,Uf;Fk; kuj;Jhs;fis bjd;id kl;ilfis
itj:J mfw;w ntz;Lk;.
 jhf;fg;gl;l jz;Lg;Fjpapy; 5x5 br. kP mstpy; Jisj:J Fnshu;igupgh!; 25 EC 50
kpyp / 10 ypl;lh; vd;w mstpy; fye;J gUj;jpgÌ;rpy; eidj;J fl;lntz;Lk;.
fhg;gp bfhl;il Jisg;ghd; jhf;Fjiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;j
 rupahd nej;jpy; mWtil bra;a ntz;Lk;
 cjpu;e;Jfplf;Fk; fhg;gp bfhl;ilfis mWtil bra;af;TlhJ
 cjpu;e;Jfplf;Fk; fhg;gp bfhl;ilfis nrfupj;J vwpJ;J tplntz;Lk;

32
  gUtk; khwp fha;f;Fk; fhg;gp bfhl;ilfis nrfupj;J vwpj;J tplntz;Lk;
 fhg;gp brofSf;F mjpfkhd mst[ epHy; bfhLf;f TlhJ
 bghJkhd mst[ fthj;J bra;tjhy; ey;y fhw;nwhl;lKk; btspr;rKk; fpilf;Fk;/
,jdhy; jhf;Fjy; Fiwa[k;
 fhg;gp bfhl;ilfis gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l mst[ <ug;gjj;jpw;F fha itf;f ntz;Lk;.
(muhgpf;fh –buhg!;lh 10 rjk; . muhgpf;fh bru;up 10.5 rjk;/ buhg!;lh bru;up 11 rjk;)
kpsF
kpsF gaphpy; ,iyg;ngd; kw;Wk; brjpy; g{r;rpd; jhf;Fjy; nryk; khtl;lk; Vw;fhl;oy;
fhzg;gl;lJ. ,g;g{r;rpfis fl;Lg;gLj;j mrouhf]od; (1%) 3 kpyp (my]yJ) ntg]bgz]bza;
30 kp.yp/ ypl;lu; my;yJ gpnthPah ngrpahdh 10 ypl;lu; jz;zPUf;F 15 fpuhk;
ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,tw;Wld; xl;Lk; jputk; ypl;lUf;F xU kpyp nru;j;J bjspf;f
ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.
bfhy;ypkiy kw;Wk; bfhilf;fhdy; kiyg;gFjpfspy] gaphplg;gl;Ls:s kpsF
bfhofspy; thly; neha;;fspd; jhf;fk; mjpf mstpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;nehapid
fPH;tUk; xU';fpize;j nkyhz;ik Kiwfis bfhz;L fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.
 neha; bjd;gl;lt[ld; nghh;nlh fyit (1 rjk;) my;yJ khd;;nfhbrg; 64% +
bkl;lyhf;rpy; 8% 72 WP fyit kUe;ij ypl;lUf;F 2 fpuhk; vd;w mstpy;
bjspf;fntz;Lk;.
 g{";rhzf;bfhy;ypfs; gad;gLj;jhj rkaj;jpy; oiuf;nfhblh;kh m!;gbuy;yk;
(vf;lUf;F 2.5 fpnyh) kw;Wk; ngrpy;y!; rg;oyp!; (vf;lUf;F 2.5 fpnyh)
Ez;qaphpfis bjhG cuj;Jld; fye;J gpd; nth;g;gFjpapy; ,lntz;Lk;.

10. kyh;;g;gaph;fs;
ky;ypif

g[{ kw;Wk; bkhf;F Jisg;ghd;/ g{ <f;fspd; jhf;Fjy; <nuhL kw;Wk; kJiu

khtl;l';fspy;; fhzg;gl;lJ. g[{ kw;Wk; bkhl;Lj; Jisg;ghd; jhf;Fjiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;j
jnahFnshg;upl; 240 SC 10 kpyp/ 10 ypl;lh; my;yJ !;igndhrhl; 45 SC 5 kpyp / 10 ypl;lh;
bjspf;f ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

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jfty;
1. ,af;Feh;/
gaph; ghJfhg;g[ ikak;/
jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHfk;/
nfhit – 641 003.
bjhiyngrp – 0422 6611237

2. nguhrphpah; kw;Wk; jiyth/;

g{r;rpapay; Jiw/
jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHfk;/
nfhit –641 003.
bjhiyngrp – 0422 6611214
3. nguhrphpah; kw;Wk; jiyth;/
gaph; nehapay; Jiw/
jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHfk;/
nfhit –641 003.
bjhiyngrp – 0422 6611226
4. nguhrphpah; kw;Wk; jiyth;/
E}w;g[Gtpay; Jiw/
jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fHfk;/
nfhit –641 003
bjhiyngrp – 0422 6611264

34