1) what are the difference between hypokinetic diseases and communicable diseases

Hypokinetic diseases are caused by a loss of dopamine in the brain, while communicable diseases are
spread from person to person through viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites:

 Causes

Hypokinetic diseases are caused by a loss of dopamine in the brain, which can be due to Parkinson's
disease or other conditions. Communicable diseases are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or
parasites, and are spread through contaminated food or water, bug bites, or close contact with an
infected person.

 Symptoms

People with hyperkinesia have difficulty starting movement, freezing during movement, and have
tremors in their upper limbs. Symptoms of communicable diseases include fever, diarrhea, fatigue,
muscle aches, and coughing.

 Transmission

Hypokinetic diseases are not spread from person to person, while communicable diseases are.

 Treatment
There is no cure for non-communicable diseases, but supportive treatment can help. Communicable
diseases usually heal quickly and normally after an initial illness.

2) what is the benefit of physical activity for those individual participating in regular
exercise program

Regular physical activity can have many benefits, including:

 Physical health: Improves your muscles, bones, and joints, and can help you maintain a healthy
weight. It can also reduce your risk of developing chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes, heart disease,
and some cancers.

 Mental health: Improves your mood and can reduce feelings of depression and anxiety.

 Sleep: Helps you fall asleep faster, get better sleep, and deepen your sleep.

 Energy levels: Increases your energy levels and reduces fatigue.

 Brain health: Helps your brain and memory, and may improve your ability to shift quickly between tasks
or plan an activity.

 Balance and fall prevention: Improves your balance and lowers your risk of falls and injuries from falls.

 Quality of life: Improves your overall quality of life.

 3) Do you feel that you will we use strength exercise as part of your regular
time physical activity plan like at the present or the further

Yes, you should include strength training as part of your regular physical activity plan:

 Physical activity guidelines

The Physical Activity Guidelines recommend that adults get at least two days per week of muscle-
strengthening activity.

 Benefits of strength training

Strength training can:

 Improve your ability to do everyday activities

 Protect your joints from injury

 Improve your balance and reduce your risk of falls

 Maintain flexibility

 Help you manage your weight

4) Discuss your current level of cvf and step that you should take in the future to
maintain or improve

 We have good cvf

Steps to Maintain or Improve CVF

1. Regular Aerobic Exercise: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75
minutes of vigorous-intensity activity each week. Activities could include:

• Running or jogging

• Cycling

• Swimming

• Dancing

• Team sports (soccer, basketball, etc.)

2. Incorporate Interval Training: High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) can be effective for improving
cardiovascular fitness in shorter amounts of time.
 3. Strength Training: Include strength training exercises at least twice a week, as building muscle can
support overall fitness and metabolism.

4. Stay Active Daily: Incorporate physical activity into daily routines, such as walking or biking to school,
taking the stairs, or participating in after-school sports.

5. Nutrition: Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy
fats to support overall health and energy levels.

6. Hydration: Drink plenty of water before, during, and after exercise to stay hydrated.

7. Rest and Recovery: Ensure adequate rest and recovery time to prevent injury and allow your body to
adapt and improve.

8. Set Goals: Establish specific, measurable goals for your cardiovascular fitness and track your progress
over time.

9. Consult Professionals: If possible, work with a coach or physical education teacher who can provide
personalized advice and support tailored to your individual needs.

5) List your own feeling while participating in exercise regular program during health and
physical education class on the response of cv and respiratory system

When participating in a regular exercise program in health and physical education, we may feel the
following changes in your cardiovascular and respiratory systems:

 Breathlessness

It's normal to feel out of breath during exercise.

 Increased breathing rate

Your breathing rate increases to increase the amount of oxygen in your bloodstream.

 Improved muscle strength

Regular exercise strengthens the muscles around your lungs and the rest of your body. This means
you'll need less oxygen to work, and you'll be able to breathe more easily when you're active.

 Improved heart health

Exercise improves your heart's function and circulation. It also reduces stress hormones that can put
extra strain on your heart.

 Increased energy
When your heart and lung health improve, you'll have more energy for daily activities
 6) What are the risk factor hypotonic diseases and how can we prevent them

Hypotonic diseases refer to conditions characterized by low muscle tone (hypotonia), which can affect
motor skills and overall physical development. While hypotonia itself is a symptom rather than a
disease, it can be associated with various underlying conditions. Here are some common risk factors
and potential preventive measures:

Risk Factors for Hypotonic Diseases

1. Genetic Disorders: Conditions such as Down syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, and muscular
dystrophies can lead to hypotonia.
2. Neurological Conditions: Disorders affecting the brain or spinal cord, such as cerebral palsy or spinal
muscular atrophy, can result in hypotonia.
3. Metabolic Disorders: Certain metabolic conditions, like hypothyroidism or mitochondrial disorders,
may contribute to low muscle tone.
4. Prematurity: Babies born prematurely may have underdeveloped muscles and lower muscle tone.
5. Infections: Infections during pregnancy (like Zika virus) or early infancy can affect muscle tone.
6. Maternal Factors: Maternal health issues, such as drug or alcohol use during pregnancy, can
increase the risk of hypotonic conditions in the newborn.

Prevention Strategies

1. Genetic Counseling: For families with a history of genetic disorders, genetic counseling can help
assess risks and understand potential outcomes.
2. Prenatal Care: Regular prenatal check-ups can help monitor maternal health and reduce the risk of
complications that may lead to hypotonia.
3. Vaccination: Ensuring that mothers are vaccinated against infections that could harm fetal
development (e.g., rubella) can reduce risks.
4. Healthy Lifestyle Choices: Pregnant individuals should avoid alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs to
minimize risks to fetal development.
5. Early Intervention Services: For infants showing signs of hypotonia, early intervention programs
(physical therapy, occupational therapy) can help improve muscle tone and motor skills.
6. Monitoring Development: Regular pediatric check-ups to monitor milestones can help catch any
developmental delays early on.

7) why it is very important to learn the effect of doping in an individual athletes

Understanding the effects of doping on individual athletes is crucial for several reasons, spanning
health, ethics, sports integrity, and societal impact. Here are some key points highlighting the
importance of this knowledge:
1. Health Risks

• Physical Health: Doping often involves the use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) that can
have serious side effects, including cardiovascular issues, liver damage, hormonal imbalances, and
increased risk of injury.

• Mental Health: Many substances can affect mood and behavior, potentially leading to anxiety,
depression, or aggressive behavior. Understanding these effects helps in recognizing the broader
implications for an athlete's well-being.

2. Ethical Considerations

• Fair Play: Doping undermines the principle of fair competition. Athletes who dope gain an unfair
advantage over their competitors, which can distort the true spirit of sport.

• Integrity of Sport: Knowledge about doping helps maintain the integrity of athletic competitions. It
fosters a culture of honesty and respect among athletes and within the sporting community.

3. Legal and Regulatory Implications

• Compliance with Anti-Doping Laws: Athletes must be aware of the rules and regulations governing
doping in their sport. Understanding the consequences of doping can help them avoid legal issues,
including suspensions or lifetime bans.

• Informed Decision-Making: Athletes equipped with knowledge about doping and its repercussions
can make better choices regarding their training and competition strategies.

4. Impact on Performance

• Short-Term vs. Long-Term Gains: While some may seek immediate performance improvements
through doping, understanding the long-term consequences can lead to more sustainable training
practices.

• Psychological Dependence: Athletes may become reliant on substances for performance

enhancement, which can lead to a cycle of dependency that affects their careers and personal lives.

5. Role Modeling and Influence

 • Influence on Young Athletes: Established athletes serve as role models. Their choices regarding
doping can significantly influence younger athletes. Promoting awareness about the negative effects
of doping can encourage clean sportsmanship.

• Cultural Change: Educating athletes about the dangers of doping can help shift the culture in
sports towards valuing hard work, dedication, and natural talent over artificial enhancement.

6. Societal Impact

• Public Perception of Sports: Doping scandals can damage public trust in sports organizations and
events. Understanding doping helps address these issues and promotes transparency.

• Health Education: Knowledge about doping can extend beyond sports, contributing to broader
discussions on health, wellness, and substance use in society.

8) what relationship do you think has sport with gender and technology

The relationship between sport, gender, and technology is multifaceted and dynamic, influencing how
sports are played, perceived, and accessed. Here are some key points that illustrate this relationship:

1. Gender Representation in Sports

• Participation Rates: Historically, women have faced barriers to participation in sports due to
societal norms and gender stereotypes. However, advancements in technology, such as social media
and streaming platforms, have helped increase visibility for women's sports, encouraging greater
participation and support.

• Role Models: Female athletes who leverage technology to share their stories and achievements
can inspire younger generations, challenging traditional gender roles and promoting inclusivity in
sports.

2. Technological Advances in Training and Performance

• Access to Training Tools: Technology has democratized access to training tools and resources.
Wearable devices, apps, and online coaching platforms allow both male and female athletes to
improve their performance, track progress, and receive tailored training regimens.

• Data Analytics: The use of data analytics in sports can help identify performance gaps and optimize
training for athletes of all genders, leading to improved outcomes and competitiveness.
3. Media Coverage and Representation

• Increased Visibility: Technology has transformed how sports are broadcasted and consumed.
Women’s sports are gaining more media attention through online streaming services and social media
platforms, which can lead to increased sponsorship opportunities and funding.

• Challenging Stereotypes: Digital platforms allow for the dissemination of narratives that challenge
gender stereotypes in sports. By showcasing female athletes’ achievements, technology helps to shift
public perception and promote equality.

4. Gender-Based Technology Use

• Different Engagement Levels: Research indicates that men and women may engage with sports
technology differently. For example, women may prioritize community and social aspects of fitness
apps, while men might focus more on performance metrics. Understanding these differences can lead
to the development of more inclusive technologies.

• Customization of Products: The sports industry is increasingly recognizing the need for products
that cater specifically to women, such as apparel designed for female athletes or fitness apps that
address women's health issues.

5. Safety and Accessibility

• Safety Technologies: Advancements in technology have led to better safety gear and equipment,
which can encourage participation among women who may have concerns about injury or safety in
contact sports.

• Access for Disabled Athletes: Technology plays a crucial role in making sports more accessible for
individuals with disabilities, including women. Innovations in adaptive equipment and assistive
technologies enable greater participation across genders.

6. Social Media and Advocacy

• Platform for Advocacy: Social media provides a platform for athletes to advocate for gender
equality in sports. Campaigns promoting equal pay, representation, and opportunities can gain
traction through digital channels, influencing policy changes within sports organizations.
 • Community Building: Online communities formed around women’s sports can foster support
networks, mentorship opportunities, and collaborative initiatives aimed at increasing participation and
visibility.

9) Discuss the similarity and difference between short distance run and relay race event

Short distance running and relay races are both track and field events that require speed and
athleticism, but they have distinct characteristics, rules, and strategies. Here’s a detailed comparison of
their similarities and differences:

Similarities

1. Speed and Endurance: Both events require athletes to have a high level of speed and anaerobic
endurance. Short distance runners must sprint at maximum effort, while relay runners need to maintain
speed throughout their leg of the race.

2. Track and Field Events: Both are integral parts of track and field competitions and are usually held on
a standard 400-meter oval track.

3. Technique: Athletes in both events must master running techniques, such as proper form, stride
length, and pacing (though pacing is more critical in longer sprints).

4. Competition Format: Both events can be part of larger competitions, such as the Olympics or national
championships, and often feature heats leading to finals.

5. Team Dynamics: In team settings, both events can foster camaraderie and teamwork, especially in
training environments.

Differences

1. Race Structure:

• Short Distance Run: Typically refers to individual events like the 100 meters, 200 meters, or 400
meters. Each athlete runs the entire distance alone.

• Relay Race: Involves teams of runners who each run a specific segment (or leg) of the race. Common
relay events include the 4x100 meters and 4x400 meters.

2. Team vs. Individual:

 Short Distance Run: Primarily an individual event where one athlete competes against others.
 Relay Race: A team event that requires coordination and strategy among team members,
including baton exchanges.
3. Baton Exchange:

• Short Distance Run: No baton is involved; the athlete runs the entire distance without passing
anything to another competitor.

• Relay Race: Requires a baton that must be passed from one runner to the next within a designated
exchange zone. Successful exchanges are critical for overall performance.

4. Strategy and Tactics:

• Short Distance Run: Athletes focus on personal performance, optimizing their start, acceleration, and
sprinting technique.

• Relay Race: Strategy includes deciding the order of runners, timing the baton exchange, and
managing transitions effectively to minimize speed loss.

5. Training Focus:

• Short Distance Run: Training may focus more on individual speed work, starts, and sprinting
techniques.

• Relay Race: Training emphasizes teamwork, baton handling drills, and practicing exchanges in
addition to individual speed training.

6. Timing and Scoring:

• Short Distance Run: The winner is determined solely by individual time; the fastest runner wins.

• Relay Race: The team's overall time is taken into account, and all members' performances contribute
to the final result.