Compression

system components
 Compression system components
- Is a simple arrangement of equipment designed to
produce clean, dry compressed gas or air for industrial
applications.

- Compression system is the key part of the vapor-

compression refrigeration system.
Vapor- Compression Refrigeration System (VCRS)
Ø Most common refrigeration cycle in use today
Ø There are four principal control volumes involving
these components:
·Evaporator
·Condenser
·Compressor
·Expansion valve
All energy transfers by work and heat are taken as
positive in the directions of the arrows on the
schematic and energy balances are written
accordingly.
1 COMPRESSOR

-considered as the “heart” of the

refrigeration system.
-increases the pressure and temperature
of the refrigerant.
 TYPES OF COMPRESSORS:

Reciprocating Compressors:
These are piston-based compressors,
similar to a car engine, and are widely
used in small to medium-sized
refrigeration systems.
They are known for their simplicity and
are commonly used in home
refrigerators and smaller commercial
applications.
 TYPES OF COMPRESSORS:

Scroll Compressors:
These compressors use spiraled, moving
scroll plates to compress refrigerant.
They are known for their quiet operation,
reliability, and high efficiency.
Copeland Compressor (EMERSION)-work
with one scroll orbiting in a path defined by a
matching fixed scroll.
 TYPES OF COMPRESSORS:

Screw Compressors:
These compressors use two helical rotors
(screws) to compress the refrigerant.
They are suitable for larger industrial
refrigeration systems and offer continuous
capacity control.
 TYPES OF COMPRESSORS:
Centrifugal Compressors:
These compressors use a rotating impeller
to compress refrigerant.
They are commonly used in large-scale
refrigeration and air conditioning systems,
including chillers.
 TYPES OF COMPRESSORS:

Rotary Compressors (Vane Compressors):

These compressors use a rotating vane
inside a cylinder to compress the
refrigerant.
They are known for their compact design
and continuous refrigerant flow
 TYPES OF CONDENSER:
Water-cooled condenser -uses water as
a medium to cool off the refrigerant from
gas status to condense into a liquid
refrigerant which causes the higher
temperature of water
 TYPES OF CONDENSER:

Evaporative condenser - used both

water and air to transfer heat from the
refrigerant in the gaseous state to
condensate into the liquid. Principle of
Evaporative Condenser is to bring out
both water-cooled condenser and the
cooling tower come together in the same
unit.
EXPANSION VALVE
-reduces the pressure and
temperature of the
refrigerant, from the
condenser, and also
controls the flow rate of the
system.
TYPES OF EXPANSION VALVE:
Thermal expansion valve ( thermostatic
expansion valve- is a device that controls
the amount of refrigerant released into the
evaporator and is intended to regulate the
superheat of the vapor leaving the
evaporator. Although often described as a
“thermostatic” valve, an expansion valve
does not regulate temperature; the
temperature of the evaporator will vary
with the evaporation pressure.
TYPES OF EXPANSION VALVE:
Capillary tube - a long, wound-up
copper tube with a tiny opening that
receives hot, high-pressure liquid
refrigerant from the condenser. This
small opening holds high pressure on
one side of the tube and low pressure
on the opposite side. The friction from
the walls of the tube rapidly reduces the
pressure of the refrigerant flowing
through it.
TYPES OF EXPANSION VALVE:
Automatic Expansion Valve- regulates the
flow of refrigerant from the liquid line to the
evaporator by using a pressure-actuated
diaphragm. It maintains a constant
pressure in the evaporator.
TYPES OF EXPANSION VALVE:

Electronic expansion valve (EEV)-

operates with a much more sophisticated
design. These types of expansion valves
control the flow of refrigerant entering a
direct expansion evaporator.
TYPES OF EXPANSION VALVE:

Float Valves- The Float Valve operates

by a float immersed in the liquid
refrigerant. Both low-side float and
high side-float are devices used to
control the flow of liquid refrigerant.
 EVAPORATOR- The purpose of the evaporator
is to receive low-pressure, low temperature fluid
from the expansion valve and to bring it in close
thermal contact with the load.
- The refrigerant takes up its latent heat
from the load and leaves the evaporator as a dry
gas.
- In most cases air or liquid is first
cooled, and this is then used to cool the load. e.g.,
in a cold-room air is cooled and this air cools the
stored produce and carries away heat leaking
through the structure; in a water chiller, water is
circulated to cool the load, etc.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF FORCED CONVECTION
EVAPORATOR EVAPORATOR:
Based on mode of heat - Bare Tube Evaporators
transfer: - Finned Tube Evaporators
-Natural Convection - Plate Evaporator
Evaporator - Tube in Tube Evaporator
-Forced Convection - Shell and Coil Evaporator
Evaporator - Shell and Tube Evaporator
° Flooded type
°Direct expansion type (DX)
 Bare Tube Evaporators
- The bare tube evaporators are made up of copper tubing
or steel pipes. The copper tubing is used for small
evaporators where the refrigerant other than ammonia is
used, while the steel pipes are used with the large
evaporators where ammonia is used as the refrigerant.
- The bare tube evaporator compromises of several turns of
the tubing, though most commonly flat zigzag and oval
trombone are the most common shapes.
- The bare tube evaporators are usually used for liquid
chilling. In the blast cooling and the freezing operations the
atmospheric air flows over the bare tube evaporator and the
chilled air leaving it used for the cooling purposes.
 Finned Tube Evaporators- In
this type of evaporator the
outer surface area is
surrounded by thin metallic
plates called fins. Fins are thin
metallic plates, usually
aluminum or copper, securely
attached or banded to the
evaporator tubes, with bare
tube evaporators. These fins
increase the heat transfer
efficiency of the evaporator.
Finned evaporators are used
in air cooling application.
 Plate Evaporator- The coil usually made up of copper
or aluminum is embedded in the plate so as so to form a
flat looking surface.
- Externally the plate type of evaporator
looks like a single plate, but inside it there are several
turns of the metal tubing through which the refrigerant
flows.
- The plate type heat exchangers can be
easily formed into various shapes as per the
requirement. Thus in the household refrigerators and
the deep freezers, where they are used most commonly,
they can be converted into the box shape to form the
closed enclosure, where various food can be kept in the
frozen state. The plates can also be welded together
that can be used the larger evaporators of higher
capacities.
 Tube in tube Evaporator- A tube-in-
tube evaporator, also known as a
double-pipe evaporator, is a heat
exchanger that uses two concentric
tubes for heat transfer. One tube is
inside the other, and a refrigerant
flows through the space between
them, absorbing heat from the
surrounding environment and
converting it into vapor. This design
allows for efficient heat transfer and is
commonly used in refrigeration and
cooling applications.
 Shell and Coil Evaporator- Shell and
Coil Evaporators have one or more
spiral shaped, bare tube coils enclosed
in a welded steel shell. They are
generally dry expansion type with
refrigerant in coils and chilled liquid in
the shell. They have thermal capacity
for application for high but infrequent
loads. They are used for chilling of
drinking water and other aspects
where cleanliness is a factor, e.g.,
Bakeries and Photographic
Laboratories.
 Shell and Tube Evaporator- Shell and Tube
Evaporators consist of a cylindrical shell in which
there are a number of straight tubes arranged in
parallel, held in place by end plates. When in
operation, refrigerant is expanded in the tubes
with chilled liquid in the shell.
- Shell diameters range from
150mm to 1.5m, numbers of tubes from less than
fifty to several thousand.
- Tube diameters range from
16mm to 50mm with tube lengths 1.5m to 6m.
- Steel tubes are used for
ammonia and copper tubes used for other
refrigerants. Copper tubes give high heat transfer
coefficients. They are used for both Dry and
Flooded applications.
 SHELL AND TUBE TYPE EVAPORATOR
Flood Type DX Type ( Direct Expansion)
-Flooded evaporator is always filled with -Does not allows the evaporator coil to be
liquid refrigerant. full of liquid refrigerant.
-The refrigerant flows though the shell and - The refrigerant flows through tubes and
water passes through the tubes. water passes through the shell.
-The refrigerant remains in the liquid state -The refrigerant is liquid at first but later
as it passes from the inlet to the outlet. becomes gas by the time it reaches the
-Requires large amounts of refrigerant to outlet.
avoid superheating. -Requires less amount of refrigerant for
-Gravity causes the refrigerant to flow the same coil volume as flooded usually
down into the system. 1/3 or 1/4.
-Higher Cop ( Coefficient of Performance).
 SHELL AND TUBE TYPE EVAPORATOR
Flood Type
-Flooded evaporator is always filled with liquid refrigerant.
-The refrigerant flows though the shell and water passes through the
tubes.
-The refrigerant remains in the liquid state as it passes from the inlet to the
outlet.
-Requires large amounts of refrigerant to avoid superheating.
-Gravity causes the refrigerant to flow down into the system.
-Higher Cop ( Coefficient of Performance).
thank you.