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class 9 bio chap1 ncert solution cell

The document discusses cellular processes such as the movement of substances like CO₂ and water, the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and the functions of various organelles. It highlights the importance of the plasma membrane's selective permeability, the role of lysosomes, and the synthesis of proteins and lipids. Additionally, it explains cell division types and the consequences of cellular damage or organelle malfunction.

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6 views

class 9 bio chap1 ncert solution cell

The document discusses cellular processes such as the movement of substances like CO₂ and water, the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and the functions of various organelles. It highlights the importance of the plasma membrane's selective permeability, the role of lysosomes, and the synthesis of proteins and lipids. Additionally, it explains cell division types and the consequences of cellular damage or organelle malfunction.

Uploaded by

abhaykanpurlycos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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By : Akash Srivastava you tube : Infinite study

Question 1: How do substances like CO₂ and water move in and out of
the cell? Discuss.
• CO₂ Movement:
o CO₂ moves by diffusion, a passive process where substances
move from a region of higher concentration to lower
concentration.
o Since CO₂ is a waste product, its concentration is higher inside
the cell. It diffuses out into the external environment where
its concentration is lower.
• Water Movement:
o Water moves by osmosis, a special case of diffusion across a
selectively permeable membrane.
o Water moves from a region of higher water concentration
(hypotonic solution) to lower water concentration
(hypertonic solution).
o Example: Plant roots absorb water from the soil via osmosis.

Question 2: Why is the plasma membrane called a selectively


permeable membrane?
• The plasma membrane allows only specific substances to pass
through while blocking others.
• It permits the entry and exit of some materials (e.g., O₂, CO₂,
water) but restricts others (e.g., large molecules, ions).
• This selective permeability maintains the cell's internal
environment and homeostasis.

"Success begins when comfort ends."."- "Akash Sir"


By : Akash Srivastava you tube : Infinite study

Question 3: Fill in the gaps in the table illustrating differences


between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell

1. Size: generally small (1-10


1. Size: generally large (5-100 μm)
μm)

2. Nuclear region: poorly


2. Nuclear region: well defined and
defined and known
surrounded by a nuclear membrane
as nucleoid

3. Chromosome: single 3. More than one chromosome

4. Membrane-bound cell 4. Membrane-bound cell organelles


organelles absent present

Question 4: Can you name the two organelles we have studied that
contain their own genetic material?
1. Mitochondria (powerhouse of the cell).
2. Plastids (e.g., chloroplasts in plants).

Question 5: If the organisation of a cell is destroyed due to some


physical or chemical influence, what will happen?
• The cell will lose its ability to perform vital functions (e.g.,
transport, protein synthesis, energy production).
• Disruption of organelles (e.g., lysosomes bursting) may lead to cell
death.

"Success begins when comfort ends."."- "Akash Sir"


By : Akash Srivastava you tube : Infinite study

Question 6: Why are lysosomes known as suicide bags?


• Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down worn-out
organelles, foreign particles, and even the cell itself if damaged.
• During cellular damage, lysosomes may burst, releasing enzymes
that digest the cell (autolysis).

Question 7: Where are proteins synthesised inside the cell?


• Proteins are synthesised by ribosomes.
o Free ribosomes in the cytoplasm make proteins for internal
use.
o Ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) make
proteins for export.

Question 8: Make a comparison and write down ways in which plant


cells are different from animal cells.

Feature Plant Cell Animal Cell

Cell Wall Present (made of cellulose) Absent

Plastids Present (e.g., chloroplasts) Absent

Vacuole Large central vacuole Small or absent vacuoles

Shape Fixed (rectangular) Irregular (round/oval)

Centrioles Absent Present

"Success begins when comfort ends."."- "Akash Sir"


By : Akash Srivastava you tube : Infinite study

Question 9: How is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?


Feature Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell
Not well-defined (no Well-defined nucleus with
Nucleus
nuclear membrane) nuclear membrane
Size Small (1–10 µm) Larger (5–100 µm)
No membrane-bound Has membrane-bound
Organelles
organelles organelles
Examples Bacteria, Blue-green algae Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists
Circular, floats in cytoplasm
DNA Linear, inside the nucleus
(nucleoid)
Cell
Binary fission Mitosis or Meiosis
division

Funny Trick:
Prokaryotes = "Pro Kids with No Room"
Eukaryotes = "You Royalty with a Mansion"

Imagine this:
• Prokaryotes are like kids living in tents (no rooms, no furniture):
o They don’t have a nucleus (no private room).
o They don’t have organelles (no kitchen, bathroom, etc.).
o Just basic survival — small and simple.
• Eukaryotes are like royalty living in a mansion:
o They have a nucleus (a big private room with a lock!).
o They have organelles (kitchen, gym, library — all inside!).

"Success begins when comfort ends."."- "Akash Sir"


By : Akash Srivastava you tube : Infinite study

o Complex, big, and luxurious.

So remember:
Pro = Poor and Primitive
Eu = You are rich and Royal

Question 10: What would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures


or breaks down?
• The cell would lose its integrity and contents would leak out.
• Homeostasis would be disrupted, leading to cell death.

Question 11: What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no
Golgi apparatus?
• The Golgi apparatus packages and transports proteins/lipids.
Without it:
o Proteins/lipids would not be modified or sorted.
o Lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and cell membranes would not
form properly.

Question 12: Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the


cell? Why?
• Mitochondria are the powerhouse because they
produce ATP (energy currency) via cellular respiration.

Question 13: Where do the lipids and proteins constituting the cell
membrane get synthesised?

"Success begins when comfort ends."."- "Akash Sir"


By : Akash Srivastava you tube : Infinite study

• Lipids: Synthesised in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).


• Proteins: Synthesised by ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic
reticulum (RER).

Question 14: How does an Amoeba obtain its food?


• Endocytosis: Amoeba engulfs food particles by forming
pseudopodia, creating a food vacuole where digestion occurs.

Question 15: What is osmosis?


• Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable
membrane from a region of low solute concentration to high
solute concentration.

Question 16: Carry out the osmosis experiment with potato cups and
answer the following:
(i) Why does water gather in the hollowed portions of B and C?
• Cups B (sugar) and C (salt) contain hypertonic solutions. Water
from the potato (higher water concentration) moves into the cups
via osmosis.
(ii) Why is potato A necessary?
• Potato A is the control to show no water gathers without solute.
(iii) Why does water not gather in A and D?
• A: No solute to create concentration gradient.
• D: Boiling kills cells, disrupting the selectively permeable
membrane.

"Success begins when comfort ends."."- "Akash Sir"


By : Akash Srivastava you tube : Infinite study

Question 17: Which type of cell division is required for growth and
repair, and which is involved in gamete formation?
• Growth/Repair: Mitosis (produces identical diploid cells).
• Gamete Formation: Meiosis (produces haploid gametes with half
chromosomes).

Key Takeaways
• Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
• Membranes (plasma, nuclear, organelle) are crucial for
compartmentalization.
• Organelles perform specialized functions (e.g., mitochondria for
energy, lysosomes for digestion).
• Cell division (mitosis/meiosis) ensures growth, repair, and
reproduction.

"Success begins when comfort ends."."- "Akash Sir"

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