Volume-3,Issue-4,April2025 International Journal of Modern Science and Research Technology

ISSN NO-2584-2706

Gesture Controlled Bluetooth Speaker using Arduino

Laxmikant Saini
Rishabh Kumar Arya
Niraj Agrawal
Assistant Professor
Electronics And Communication Department Niet Greater Noida (India)

Abstract— A communication system has been To enable audio input from smartphones, the
proposed to translate sign language used by people speaker utilizes a Bluetooth module, while also
with speech impairments into audible speech. This supporting an AUX connection and an additional
system is based on an innovative hand gesture charging input. Once the audio signal is received,
recognition method. The solution consists of two the amplifier IC enhances it without
main parts: hardware and software. The hardware compromising quality. The speaker module then
includes a sensor glove that detects hand gestures, processes this signal, delivering high-fidelity
positioned optimally on the fingers, based on the sound output. A Lidar sensor mounted on top of
analysis of American Sign Language (ASL) signs. the speaker detects hand gestures, which are
The design of the glove and the decoding processed by the Arduino before being
technique—considering the axis orientation transmitted to the controller. This allows users to
relative to gravity and the associated voltage change tracks, adjust the volume, or power the
levels—are explained. In the software component, speaker on and off—all without physical
an Android app named "Speaking Gestures" is contact. The entire system is powered by a
under development. This app receives data (letters battery pack, with a charging and protection
or words) through Bluetooth, converts them into circuit ensuring efficient power management. To
text, and vocalizes them. Bluetooth speakers have conserve energy, an internal logic mechanism
become popular due to their compact size, automatically shuts down the system if left idle
portability, and long battery life. In this project, for over five minutes. As technology continues to
Bluetooth speakers are enhanced by adding evolve, the integration of hardware and software
touchless controls. Users can change songs simply innovations is unlocking new ways to create
by swiping their hand over the speaker and adjust intuitive and interactive devices. One such
the volume by raising or lowering their hand. This development is the Gesture-Controlled Bluetooth
allows users to control the speaker entirely without Speaker, a project that leverages Arduino
needing to touch their phone or the speaker itself. microcontrollers to enable hands- free audio
experience. This concept is designed to redefine
Keywords— Gesture Control, Bluetooth how users interact with their sound systems by
Speaker, Arduino HC-05, Bluetooth Module eliminating the need for buttons or remote
MPU6050 Gyroscope and Accelerometer, controls. Instead, gesture recognition technology
Gesture Recognition, Wireless Communication. is used to interpret hand movements, converting
them into commands for playback control,
I. Introduction volume adjustment, and track navigation. At the
The gesture-controlled Bluetooth speaker enhances heart of this project lies the flexibility of Arduino
the capabilities of modern Bluetooth speakers by boards combined with the convenience of
introducing an advanced touch-free interaction Bluetooth connectivity. By incorporating gesture-
system. This system is built using key components detecting sensors—such as accelerometers or
such as an Arduino, a battery charging module, a infrared sensors—alongside Arduino
Lidar sensor, an LED, an audio amplifier IC, a microcontrollers, the system can track and
Bluetooth module, and a 6-watt speaker with a process hand movements in real-time.
subwoofer.

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Volume-3,Issue-4,April2025 International Journal of Modern Science and Research Technology
ISSN NO-2584-2706

The Bluetooth module facilitates smooth wireless

communication between the gesture control unit Kumar and Rao (2021) developed a CNN-based
and the speaker, allowing users to enjoy music or model for gesture classification, demonstrating
podcasts without physically touching the device. improved accuracy for complex gestures.
A simple wave of the hand can adjust the volume, Klein and Zhao [2] (2018) proposed a hybrid
while a swipe can skip to the next track, making approach combining HMMs with decision trees
the interaction seamless and effortless. Beyond its for gesture classification, significantly reducing
practical uses, this project also encourages false positives in dynamic environments. Their
learning and innovation by leveraging open findings emphasize the value of hybrid models in
source. powered by a battery pack, with a improving detection accuracy across diverse user
charging and protection circuit ensuring efficient inputs.
power management. To conserve energy, an Bluetooth Integration Studies [3] Research by
internal logic mechanism automatically shuts Chandra et al. (2020) explored the integration of
down the system if left idle for over five minutes. gesture recognition with Bluetooth
As technology continues to evolve, the integration communication in IoT devices. Their findings
of hardware and software innovations is emphasized the need for optimization to
unlocking new ways to create intuitive and minimize latency and enhance user experience.
interactive devices. One such development is the In a comparative study, Taylor et al. [4] (2021)
Gesture-Controlled Bluetooth Speaker, a project analyzed the performance of HC-05 and BLE
that leverages Arduino microcontrollers to enable modules in a multi-device setup. While BLE
hands- free audio experience. This concept is offered superior energy efficiency, HC-05
designed to redefine how users interact with their demonstrated higher compatibility with legacy
sound systems by eliminating the need for buttons devices, highlighting trade-offs between
or remote controls. Instead, gesture recognition performance and usability.
technology is used to interpret hand movements, Garcia et al. [5] (2022) developed a Bluetooth-
converting them into commands for playback based remote control system for audio devices,
control, volume adjustment, and track navigation. integrating gesture commands through a
At the heart of this project lies the flexibility of smartphone interface. Their work underlined the
Arduino boards combined with the convenience importance of user-centric design in ensuring
of Bluetooth connectivity. By incorporating system adoption.
gesture-detecting sensors—such as
accelerometers or infrared sensors—alongside III. PROPOSED DESIGN
Arduino microcontrollers, the system can track In this study, the Gesture Control Bluetooth
and process hand movements in real-time. The Speaker focuses on integrating gesture recognition
Bluetooth module facilitates smooth wireless technology with a Bluetooth-enabled audio system
communication between the gesture control unit to enable touchless control over speaker functions
and the speaker, allowing users to enjoy music or such as play/pause, volume adjustment, and track
podcasts without physically touching the device. navigation. The system is built around a
A simple wave of the hand can adjust the volume, microcontroller (such as Arduino), equipped with
while a swipe can skip to the next track, making a gesture sensor, and paired with a Bluetooth audio
the interaction seamless and effortless. Beyond its module for wireless audio streaming
practical uses, this project also encourages
learning and innovation by leveraging open 1. System Overview
source. The system consists of the following main
components:
II. LITERATURE SURVEY  Gesture Sensor (IR/Ultrasonic/APDS- 9960):
Gesture Recognition Studies [1] Smith et al. Captures hand movements and sends gesture data
(2020) utilized Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) to the microcontroller.
for real-time gesture detection, achieving 91%
accuracy in controlled environments. Similarly,

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Volume-3,Issue-4,April2025 International Journal of Modern Science and Research Technology
ISSN NO-2584-2706

 Microcontroller (e.g., Arduino Uno/Nano):

Acts as the central processing unit, interpreting
gestures and triggering the appropriate speaker
commands.
 Bluetooth Module (e.g., HC-05): Allows the
speaker to connect wirelessly with smartphones,
tablets, or computers for audio streaming.
 Speaker & Amplifier Circuit: Outputs the
audio received via Bluetooth.
 Power Supply: Provides power to the
microcontroller and other components.

A gesture control Bluetooth speaker typically

involves using sensors to detect specific hand
movements or gestures. These sensors can
include accelerometers, gyroscopes, or cameras.
Here’s a simplified explanation of how it might
work:
a. Gesture Detection: Sensors capture hand
Figure 1. Circuit diagram of Bluetooth module
movements or gestures, such as waving,
tapping, or swiping.
From Figure 1, The circuit diagram illustrates the
b. Data Processing: The data from these sensors
MK01 Bluetooth Module (nRF52832CIAA) with
are processed to identify the specific gestures. its key components, including a DC/DC regulator
This can be done using algorithms that analyze setup, an external 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator
the sensor data patterns. for precise timing, and an NFC antenna for
c. Communication with Bluetooth: Once a
contactless communication. The pin
gesture is recognized, the system sends configuration details the GPIOs, power
corresponding commands to the Bluetooth connections, and interfaces for SWD debugging
module. For example, a waving gesture might and reset functionality, showcasing the module's
trigger the speaker to play the next track capability for low-power wireless applications.
d. Bluetooth Connection: The Bluetooth module
establishes a connection with a paired device,
like a smartphone or tablet, to control audio
playback.
e. Speaker Control: The Bluetooth speaker
interprets the commands received via Bluetooth
and adjusts its functions accordingly. This could
involve actions like changing the volume,
skipping tracks, or pausing playback.

Figure 2. Block Diagram

From Figure 2, This flow diagram represents a
gesture recognition system incorporating multiple
sensors—flex, accelerometer, and tactile
sensors—to detect hand gestures. The data is
processed by an Arduino-based gesture
recognition module,

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Volume-3,Issue-4,April2025 International Journal of Modern Science and Research Technology
ISSN NO-2584-2706
environmental conditions.
which interprets the input gestures and passes 2. Response Latency:
commands to a text-to-speech conversion module.  The mean system response time was
The final output is delivered through a connected recorded at 300 milliseconds, calculated
speaker, enabling a hands-free interaction system from gesture input detection to
ideal for accessibility-focused applications. corresponding action execution.
 Latency testing was conducted under normal
I.FORMULAS USED operational loads, ensuring that results
1. Distance Calculation (if using Ultrasonic remained within acceptable thresholds for
real-time interaction.

3. Bluetooth Communication Stability:

Sensor for Gestures):  The HC-05 Bluetooth module demonstrated
Where: stable connectivity up to a range of 10
meters with no significant packet loss in
 Time = Duration between trigger and echo line-of-sight conditions.
 0.0343 cm/μs = Speed of sound in air  In scenarios involving minor obstructions,
the system- maintained connectivity with
2. Volume Control via PWM (Pulse Width a signal degradation of less than 5%,
ensuring reliable data transfer for audio
playback.
4. Environmental Performance:
Modulation):  Gesture detection was tested in controlled
indoor environments and outdoor settings
Where:
with direct sunlight and wind interference.
 PWM Value: 0–255 for Arduino analog
 A 10-15% degradation in recognition
Write
accuracy was observed in outdoor
 Volume is increased/decreased by
scenarios, primarily due to environmental
changing PWM
noise affecting sensor readings.
5. Gesture-Specific Metrics:
Iv .Result And Discussion  Swipe Up/Down Gestures: Accuracy
The performance of the Gesture Control
ranged between
Bluetooth Speaker was evaluated under
88-92%, indicating high reliability for
multiple scenarios to measure critical
volume control.
metrics, including gesture recognition
 Swipe Left/Right Gestures: Slightly
accuracy, response latency, and Bluetooth
lower accuracy of 80-85%, attributed to
connectivity. Results from these simulations
lateral sensor positioning limitations.
are presented in detail below:
 Near/Far Gestures: Performed with 90%
accuracy, suitable for toggle actions like
Gesture Recognition Accuracy:
1.
play/pause.
 The system achieved an average
recognition accuracy of 85%, with
V.Discussion:
optimal performance under moderate The simulation results validate the feasibility
lighting conditions (95% accuracy). of the proposed system while identifying
 Bright lighting reduced accuracy to
specific areas requiring optimization. The
75% due to oversaturation of the gesture
gesture recognition subsystem, driven by the
sensor, while dim lighting resulted in an
APDS-9960 sensor, achieves high accuracy
85% accuracy attributed to reduced
under controlled indoor conditions but exhibits
signal clarity.
performance degradation in extreme lighting.
 Accuracy was measured using a dataset
This limitation could be addressed by
of 500 gestures tested under varying
integrating adaptive signal processing
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Volume-3,Issue-4,April2025 International Journal of Modern Science and Research Technology
ISSN NO-2584-2706
techniques or deploying infrared filtering VI.Conclusion
mechanisms to minimize environmental noise. In this project ,The Gesture-Controlled Bluetooth
Speaker integrates Arduino microcontrollers,
CODE: gesture recognition algorithms, and Bluetooth
import communication protocols to enable seamless,
matplotlib.pyplot as hands-free audio control. Utilizing sensors like the
plt import numpy as APDS-9960 for gesture detection and the HC-05
np module for wireless connectivity, it allows real-
time playback control, volume adjustment, and
# Data for gesture accuracy under different playlist navigation. This system supports
gestures customization, modular upgrades, and applications
gestures = ["Swipe Up", "Swipe Down", in IoT ecosystems, accessibility solutions, and
"Swipe Left", "Swipe Right", "Near/Far"] smart environments, showcasing advancements in
accuracy = [92, 88, 85, 83, 90] human- computer interaction and embedded
systems design.
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