Resources -

Everything available in our environment which can be used

to satisfy our needs, is called Resources.

Classification of Resources -

1 On the basis of Origin –

) i) Biotic
ii) Abiotic

2) On the basis of Exhaustibility –

i) Renewable
ii) Non-Renewable

3) On the basis of Ownership –

i) Individual community
ii) National
iii) International.

4) On the basis of Status of Development –

i) Potential ii)
Developed stock
iii) Reserves.
1) On the basis of Origin -

i) Biotic Resources –

- These are obtained from biosphere and have life

Exampl- Human Beings, Plants, Fish

e etc.

Human Plant
Being s
ii) Abiotic –
Resources
- All these things which are composed of Non-living
things
Exampl- Rocks, Metals
e etc.
 Rocks Gold (Metal)
2) On the basis of Exhaustibility -

i) Renewable Resources –
 - These are resources which can be renewed by
Physical,
Chemical or Mechanical
processes.
Exampl- Solar Energy, Wind Energy
e etc.

Solar WindEnerg
Energy y
ii) Non-Renewable
Resources –
- These resources once consumed can’t be
replaced.
- These resources take millions of years in their
formation.
Exampl- Petrol, Coal
e etc.

Petrol Coa
3) On the basis of Ownership -l

i) Individual Resources –
 - The resources owned privately by individuals.

Exampl- Plot, Houses etc.

e

Hous
e
ii) Community Owned
Resources –
- The resources which are accessible to all the members of
the community.

Exampl- Public Parks, Picnic Spots etc.

e

Picnic Spot Parks

iii) National Resources –

- The resources which come under Government.

 Exampl- Roads, Railways
e etc.

Road Railways
(Singles Be Like – Ye Dukh Khatam
s Kaahe Nhi hota hai )
be
iv International Resources
) –
- The resources lying beyond 200Kms of exclusive
Economic
Zone in the
oceans.
- No one can use these resources without the permission of
International Institutions.

Exampl–Sunlight, Sea, Mountains

e etc.

Sunlight Mountains
(Agar Kisi ko janana ho to ye Photo Switzerland ki hai)

4) On the basis of Status of development -

i) Potential Resources –
- Resources which are found in a region but have not been
utilized.

Exampl- Some area like Deserts of Rajasthan and Gujrat

e have great potential for the development of
Wind and Solar energy etc.

Thar Desert of Gujrat Desert

(Also called White Desert due to
Rajasthan presence of Salt in Soil)

ii) Developed
Resources –
- The resources which are surveyed and their quality and
quantity have been determined for utilization.

Exampl–Computer, Smart Phones

e etc.

iii) Stock Resources –

 - The resources that have been surveyed, but can’t be
used due to lack of technology.

Exampl- Hydrogen and oxygen in water can be our rich

e source of energy we don't know how to separate
the
m

Water

iv Reserves
) –
- The resources that have been surveyed and we can use
them with present technology, but their use has not been
started.

Exampl- Water in the dams, forests etc.

e

Da Forest
m

Development of Resources
1) Resources are vital for human survival.

2) It was believed that resources are free gifts of nature So,

Human beings used them indiscriminately and this has
led to the following major problems –

i) Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few

individuals.

ii) Accumulation of resources in a few hands which

divided the society into rich and poor.

iii) It is causing Global warming, Ozone layer depletion,

Pollution, etc.

3) For a sustained quality of life and global Peace, an

Equitable distribution of resources has become essential.

4) For using resources judiciously, we need to adopt

sustainable economic development.

Sustainable Economic Development means “development

should take place without damaging the environment, and
today’s development should not affect future generation.”

Resource Planning in India -

Resource planning is a complex process which involves -

 i Identification and inventory of resources across the
) regions
of the country. This involves surveying, mapping
and
qualitative and quantitative estimation and
measurement
the resources. of

ii Evolving a planning structure endowed with

) appropriate
technology, skill and institutional set up for
implementing
resource development
plans.
iii) Matching the resource development plans with
overall
national development
plans.

Lan
d
- Land is very important natural resource as it supports
natural
vegetation, wildlife human life and Various economic
activities
lightly transportation and communication
system
- Land is present in limited size so we should use it
properly.

Lan
d

Land Resources in India -

i) 43% of the land is Plain land which is used for

Agriculture and Industry
 ii) 2 % of the land is Plateau which is a source of
7 minerals
Fossil fuels and Forest

iii) 3 % of the land is Mountain which provide riven water

0 andfor tourism and Ecological
spot
Sports
Land
Distribution

27%

43%

30%

Plateaus Mountains Plains

Land use Pattern in

India -
Use of land is determined by the following factors
-

1) Physical factors like Climate, Soil types, Topography

2) Human factors like Population density, Culture and

Traditions etc.
Land Utilisation

In India the Land is used for the following Purposes

- a) Forest
b Land not available for
) cultivation
c Barren and
) wasteland
d Buildings, Road, Factory
) etc.
e Uncultivated
) Land
f) Permanent pastors and grazing
Land
g Land under tree crops and
) groves
h Cultivable waste land left and cultivated for more than
) five
agricultural
years
 Fallow
Lands
- Fallow is a farming technique in which arable land is
left
without sowing for one or more vegetative
cycles
- The goal of fallowing is to allow the land to recover and
store
Organic matter
i) Current fallow less than one
year
ii) Other than current fallow between 1 to 5 years

Land Degradation and Conservation

Measures
1 Human activities such as deforestation, over grazing,
) mining
are the reasons for Land Degradation.

2) Some of the ways solve the problems of land degradation

-
are
i) Afforestation

ii) Planting of shelter belts of plants.

iii) Control over grazing

iv) Stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes.

v) Proper management of waste lands.

vi) Control of mining activities.

Soil
- Soil is the most important renewable natural resource.

- It helps in growth of
Plants.
- It takes millions of years to form soil inside the
earth

Classification of
Soil -
Soil in India can be classified into the following types
–
1 Alluvial Soil 4) Red and Yellow
) Soil
2 Black Soil 5) Laterite Soil
)
3 Forest and Mountain Soil 6) Desert or Arid Soil
)

Alluvial
Soil
1 The entire northern plains are made of alluvial
) soil.
2 It is also found in Rajasthan, Gujarat and eastern
) coastal
plains particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the
Godavari,
the Krishna and the Kaveri
rivers.

3) Areas of Alluvial Soils are highly cultivated and highly

populated.
4) Based on age, Alluvial soils can be classified as:

i Old Alluvial - The Bangar soil has a

) (Bangar)
concentration ofhigher
kanker nodules than the
Khadar.
ii New Alluvial - It has more fine particles and
) (Khadar)
more fertile thanisthe
Bangar.
5 Alluvial soils are very
) fertile.
6 These soils contain good amount of potash, phosphoric acid
) and
lime, which is good for the growth of sugarcane, paddy,
wheat
and other cereal and pulse
crops.

Black
Soil
1 This soil is black in colour and is also
Regurknown
.
) as soil
2 The soil is good for growing cotton and is also known as
) black
cotton soil.
3)
This soil is found in the plateaus of Maharashtra, Madhya
Pradesh and Chhattisgarh also along the Godavari and
the Krishna valleys.

4) The black soils are made up of extremely fine i.e. clayey

material

5 This soil can hold a good amount of

) water
6 This soil has many nutrients like calcium carbonate,
) magnesium,
potash and
lime.

Red and Yellow

Soils
1 This soil is found in areas of low rainfall in the eastern
) and
southern parts of the Deccan
plateau.
2 These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron
) in
crystalline and metamorphic
rocks.

Red
Soil

3) Found in parts of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, southern parts of

the middle Ganga plain and along the piedmont zone of
the Western Ghats.
4)
It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.
5)

Yellow
Soil

Laterite
Soil
1 The laterite soil develops in areas with high temperature
) heavy
rainfall.

2 Lateritic soils are acidic (pH<6.0) in

) nature
3 This soil doesn’t have any plant
) nutrients.
4 This soil is found mostly in Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil
) Nadu,
Madhya Pradesh
etc.
6)
The soil has less humus because decomposers like
Bacteria get destroyed due to high temperature

6) This soil is very useful for growing tea and coffee.

7)

Desert or Arid
Soils
1 Arid soils are reddish brown in
) colour.
2 This soil is found in Western Ghats of
) Rajasthan.
3 After proper irrigation these soils become
) cultivable.
4 In this soil the salt content is very high and common
) salt is
obtained by evaporating the
water.
5 Arid soil doesn’t have humus and moisture because due to
) dry
climate and high temperature water gets
evaporated.
6 The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar
) because
of the increasing calcium content
downwards.
 Forest Soils

1) These soils are found in the hilly and mountainous areas.

2) The soil texture is loamy and silty in valley sides and

coarse
 grained in the upper
slopes.
3) Silt is found in the parts of river terraces and alluvial fans.

Forest Soil

Humu
s
A substance made from dead leaves and plants, that you put
into
the ground to help plants
grow

Humus
(गमले म डालने वाल
खाद)
The map below shows the different types of soils found in
India
 Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation

Soil Erosion - The natural process in which the topsoil of a field

is carried away by physical sources such as wind
and
 water.

Reasons of Soil Erosion

–

i) Deforestation

ii) Over-grazing

iii) Construction

iv) Mining

v) Wind

vi) Water

Ways to stop Soil Erosion -

1 ContourPloughing– Ploughing along the contour lines

) decelerate the flow of water down the slopes.

2) Terrace cultivation - restricts erosion. This type of

agriculture practice is done in Western and Central
Himalayas.
3 Strip - When a large field is divided into strips
) Cropping andare left to grow between the crops. Then,
strips of grass
this
breaks up the force of the
wind.

4 Shelter Belts
- Planting lines of trees to create shelter
) helps
in the stabilization of sand dunes and in stabilizing the
desert in western India. Rows of such trees are called
Shelter Belts.