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PD1096

This document outlines the National Building Code of the Philippines, detailing its purpose, scope of application, and various definitions related to construction activities. It includes information on permits, prohibited acts, and responsibilities of officials, as well as guidelines for repairs, alterations, and demolition of buildings. The content is authored by Arch. Pedro Santos Jr. and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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PD1096

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maryhijastro3

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Authorship + Disclaimer RULE 1

This work is the property of Arch. Pedro Santos Jr.

PD 1096 Always check the values given in this document Creative Commons General Provisions
against the original references. For questions or This presentation is licensed under the creative
corrections, contact the author at commons attribution-noncommercial-sharealike 4.0
National Building Code of the Philippines
international license. To view a copy of this license, visit
[email protected]. http://creativecommons.Org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

PURPOSE OF THE CODE SCOPE OF APPLICATION

▪ To provide a framework of minimum standards ▪ The National Building Code (NBC) applies to the Construction
and requirements for all buildings in order to design, location, siting, construction, alteration, All on-site work done from site preparation, excavation,
regulate their location, design, quality of materials,
construction, and use.
repair, conversion, use, occupancy, maintenance,
moving, demolition of and addition to public and
Definition of terms foundation, assembly of all the components and
installation of utilities and equipment of
private buildings, except traditional dwellings and buildings/structure
BP 220 projects.

Addition Alteration Renovation Conversion

Any new construction which increases the height or area Construction in a building/ structure involving changes in Any physical change made on a building/ structure to A change in the use or occupancy of a building/ structure
of an existing building/structure the materials used, partitioning, location/ size of openings, increase its value, utility and/ or to improve its aesthetic or any portion/s thereof which has different requirements
structural parts, existing utilities and equipment but does quality
not increase the overall area thereof.

Repair Demolition Ancillary building/structure

Remedial work done on any damaged or deteriorated The systematic dismantling or destruction of a building/ A secondary building/ structure located within the same
portion/s of a building/structure to restore its original structure, in whole or in part premises, the use of which is incidental to that of the main
condition building/structure

Administration + Enforcement ▪ Duties include: ▪ The Building Official collects the fees
▪ Policy making ▪ Issues, denies, suspends and revokes permits
▪ Memorandum circulars ▪ Undertakes inspection of buildings
▪ Prescription of fees ▪ Acts on claims
▪ Appointment of building officials in all municipalities

FEE EXEMPTIONS PROHIBITED ACTS PROHIBITED ACTS DANGEROUS BUILDINGS

▪ Public buildings ▪ Proceeding with work without a permit ▪ Use of a building without securing a Certificate of ▪ Structural hazard
Occupancy
▪ Traditional family dwellings ▪ Unauthorized deviations from the drawings during ▪ Fire hazard
▪ A dwelling intended for the use by one family and construction ▪ Change in use without the corresponding
▪ Unsafe electrical wiring
constructed of native materials (bamboo, nipa, logs, Certification of Change of Use
▪ Non-compliance with work stoppage order
lumber), the total cost of which does not exceed ▪ Unsafe mechanical installation
▪ Failure to post Cert. of Occupancy
PHP15,000. ▪ Non-compliance with order to demolish
▪ Inadequate sanitation and health facilities
▪ Change in type of construction without permit
▪ Architectural deficiency
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OPTIONS FOR DANGEROUS BLDGS BUILDING PERMIT

▪ Repair RULE 3 ▪ A written authorization granted by the Building
Official to an applicant allowing him to proceed
▪ Vacation Permits with construction after plans, specifications and
▪ Demolition other pertinent documents have been found to be
in conformity with the Code

WHEN IS A PERMIT REQUIRED? BUILDING PERMIT EXEMPTIONS MINOR CONSTRUCTION MINOR CONSTRUCTION
▪ Before constructing, altering, repairing, converting, ▪ Minor constructions ▪ Minor structures 6sqm. or less detached from ▪ Window grilles
moving, adding to, demolishing a building. other buildings, for private use only. (Example:
▪ Repair works ▪ Garden pools 500mm deep or shallower
sheds, poultry houses, greenhouses)
▪ Garden masonry walls not exceeding 1.20m in
▪ Open terraces or patios not exceeding 20sqm.
height

NON-ISSUANCE, SUSPENSION,
LIABILITY CLAUSE LIABILITY CLAUSE EXPIRATION OF PERMITS REVOCATION
▪ Article 1723 of the Civil Code states that the ▪ In case the building collapses due to defects in ▪ Construction does not commence within 1 year ▪ Errors in plans and specs
engineer or architect who drew up the plans and construction or the use of inferior materials, the from date of issue
▪ Incorrect or inaccurate data declared
specifications is liable for 15 years from contractor, along with the construction supervisor,
▪ Construction does not resume 120 days after
completion of the building should it collapse due shall be liable. ▪ Non-compliance with the Code
suspension or abandonment of work
to defects in the plans or the ground.

INSPECTION + SUPERVISION TYPE I

▪ The owner of the building must engage the
services of a licensed architect or civil engineer to
RULE 4 ▪ Wood construction

undertake the full-time inspection and Types of Construction

supervision of the construction.

TYPE II TYPE III TYPE IV TYPE V

▪ Wood construction with fire-resistant materials ▪ Masonry and wood construction ▪ Steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction ▪ Four-hour fire resistive throughout
▪ One-hour fire-resistive throughout ▪ One hour fire resistive throughout ▪ Incombustible interiors (ceilings, walls) ▪ Structural elements of steel, iron, concrete or
masonry
▪ Incombustible exterior walls

BUILDINGS IN MULTIPLE FIRE ZONES FIRE RESISTIVE RATING

▪ Shall be considered as part of the more restrictive
zone if more than 1/3 of its total floor area is in
RULE 6 ▪ The degree to which a material can withstand fire

Fire Resistive Requirements ▪ Usually expressed in the form of a time period

that zone
rating (how long a material can withstand being
burned)

FIRE RESISTIVE STANDARDS FIRE RESISTIVE STANDARDS

RULE 7
Occupancies + Zones + Requirements

OCCUPANCY VERSUS ZONING OCCUPANCIES OCCUPANCIES ZONING

▪ Occupancies are assigned to buildings, while ▪ A – Residential dwellings ▪ F – Industrial ▪ R –Residential
zones are assigned to lands.
▪ B – Residentials, hotels, apartments ▪ G – Storage and hazardous ▪ C – Commercial
▪ C – Education and recreation ▪ H – Assembly other than Group I ▪ GI – General institutional
▪ D – Institutional ▪ I – Assembly with 1,000 or more occupant load ▪ I – Industrial
▪ E – Business and mercantile ▪ J - Accessory ▪ UTS – Utilities, Transportation, Services
▪ SPE - Special
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ZONING A: RESIDENTIAL DWELLINGS B: RESIDENTIALS, HOTELS, APARTMENTS
▪ PRE - Park structures, recreation, entertainment ▪ A-1: Residential building for single family ▪ Multiple dwelling units including boarding or
occupants lodging houses, hotels, apartment buildings,
▪ CUL – Cultural
▪ A – Agricultural
Occupancies ▪ A-2: Residential building for non-leasing
rowhouses, convents, monasteries and other
similar building each of which accommodates
occupants not exceeding 10 persons
▪ AI – Agroindustrial more than 10 persons.

▪ PUD – Planned unit development

C: EDUCATION + RECREATION D: INSTITUTIONAL E: BUSINESS + MERCANTILE F: LIGHT INDUSTRIAL

▪ Buildings used for school or day-care purposes ▪ D-1: Institutions where personal liberties are ▪ E-1: No work is done except exchange of parts, ▪ Light industrial
not classified in Group H or I occupancies restrained (mental hospitals, jails) maintenance without open flame, welding, or
▪ Ice plants, power plants, pumping plants, cold
highly flammable liquids (gasoline filling station,
▪ D-2: Institutions for the care of non-ambulatory storage, factories and workshops using
storage garage)
patients and children under kindergarten age incombustible and non-explosive materials
▪ E-2: Wholesale and retail stores, office buildings,
▪ D-3: Institutions for ambulatory patients and
dining establishments
homes for children over kindergarten age
▪ E-3: Aircraft hangars and open parking garages
(no repair work)
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G: STORAGE + HAZARDOUS G: STORAGE + HAZARDOUS H: ASSEMBLY FOR LESS THAN 1,000 H: ASSEMBLY FOR LESS THAN 1,000
▪ G-1: Medium industrial, storage of highly ▪ G-4: Medium industrial for repair garages and ▪ H1: Assembly buildings with stage for less than ▪ H4: Recreational/tourism developments not
flammable materials engine manufacturing 1,000 included in other H classifications (stadiums,
reviewing stands, and amusement parks)
▪ G-2: Medium industrial, storage of flammable ▪ G-5: Medium industrial for aircraft repair ▪ H2: Assembly buildings without stage for 300 or
materials: dry cleaning plants, paint stores, spray- more
painting rooms
▪ H3: Assembly buildings without stage for less
▪ G-3: Medium industrial structures where loose than 300
combustible fibers are generated: wood working
establishments
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I: ASSEMBLY FOR 1,000 OR MORE J: ACCESSORY R1

▪ Any assembly building with a stage and an ▪ J1: Agricultural structures ▪ Low-density residential zone
occupant load of 1,000 or more
▪ J2: Carports/garages, fences, towers and pools ▪ Characterized by single-family and single-
▪ J3: Stages, courts, tombs, mausoleums, zoos, and
Zones detached dwellings
banks

R4 R5 C1 C2
▪ Medium to high-density residential zone ▪ Very high density residential zone ▪ Light commercial ▪ Medium commercial
▪ Characterized by low-rise townhouses or buildings ▪ Characterized by medium-rise to high-rise ▪ Neighborhood to community in scale ▪ City or municipal in scale
for use as multiple family dwellings condominiums
▪ Low-rise buildings (1-3 storeys) ▪ Medium-rise buildings (3-5 storeys)
▪ Refers to structures on an individual lot
▪ Low-intensity trade/activity ▪ Medium to high intensity trade
(“townhouse”)
▪ Example: Small shopping centers ▪ Example: Shopping centers

C3 GI I-1 (INDUSTRIAL) I-2 (INDUSTRIAL)

▪ Metropolitan commercial ▪ General institutional ▪ Light industrial use ▪ Medium industrial use
▪ Metropolitan in scale ▪ Community to national level of institutional use. ▪ Low-rise but sprawling ▪ Low-rise but sprawling
Low-rise to high-rise.
▪ Medium to high-rise buildings (3-5 storeys) ▪ Low-intensity manufacturing ▪ Medium-intensity manufacturing
▪ Two types:
▪ Very high intensity trade
▪ Education/Recreation
▪ Example: Large to very large shopping malls
▪ Medical/Government

PRE (PARKS, RECREATION,

UTS (UTILITIES, TRANSPO, SERVICES) SPE (SPECIAL) ENTERTAINMENT) CUL (CULTURAL)
▪ Utilitarian, functional uses ▪ Other vertical facilities not yet mentioned ▪ Low-rise to medium rise ▪ Community to national level of use or occupancy
▪ Low-rise to medium rise ▪ Included cemeteries and memorial parks ▪ Low to medium intensity recreational functions ▪ Low-rise to medium rise
▪ Low to high-intensity community support related to educational uses (parks on campus,
functions other recreational/assembly structures on
campus)
▪ Two clusters:
▪ Transport terminals, intermodals, depots
▪ Power/water generation/distribution, telcos, waste
management facilities
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A (AGRICULTURAL) AI (AGROINDUSTRIAL) PUD (PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT) MIXED OCCUPANCIES
▪ Low to medium rise ▪ Low rise ▪ Land development or redevelopment schemes for ▪ Rule of thumb: The building adheres to the stricter
a new project which has a CDMP (Comprehensive requirements.
▪ Low to high intensity agricultural activity ▪ Low to high intensity agroindustrial activity
Development Masterplan) or equivalent
▪ Exceptions:
▪ Includes farms, but also offices and facilities for ▪ Includes offices and facilities for agroindustrial
▪ Example: Bonifacio Global City ▪ If it’s a one-storey building, in which case each portion
agricultural research and training education and research
shall conform to applicable rules
▪ If the minor occupancy does not exceed 10% of the
building, in which case it is ignored

RIGHT OF WAY EAVES OVER WINDOWS FIREWALLS

▪ No building shall be constructed unless it adjoins ▪ Eaves over required windows shall at least be ▪ A fireproof barrier used to prevent the spread of
or has direct access to a public space, yard, or 750mm from the side and rear property lines. fire between or through buildings
Location on street on at least one of its sides.
▪ Why are firewalls important? Because when they
property are built, the building or part of the building
extends into the setbacks.

ALLOWABLE FIREWALLS ALLOWABLE FIREWALLS ALLOWABLE FIREWALLS

▪ R1: Not allowed ▪ R2: One side only ▪ R3: Two configurations are allowed:
▪ However, an abutment up ▪ Maximum 80% of the length of side property line. ▪ Option A: Two sides
to 3.20m high is OK for ▪ Maximum 85% of each side
carports provided that ▪ Total should not exceed 65% of lot perimeter
above 1.50m, the ▪ Two storeys high only
abutment shall be ▪ Option B: One side + Rear
constructed of perforated ▪ 90% of side or rear (up to 100% for rear if only 4m)
concrete blocks. ▪ Total should not exceed 50% of lot perimeter
▪ Two storeys high for side, 3.20m high for rear
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ALLOWABLE FIREWALLS ALLOWABLE FIREWALLS

▪ R4: Two sides ▪ R5: Two configurations allowed:
▪ Maximum 85% of each side ▪ Option A: Two sides
▪ Maximum 75% of each side
▪ Total should not exceed 50% of lot perimeter
▪ Total should not exceed 50% of lot perimeter
▪ Maximum height: three storeys ▪ Maximum height: 8 storeys
▪ Option B: One side + Rear
▪ Maximum 65% of side and 50% of rear
▪ Total should not exceed 60% of lot perimeter
▪ Maximum height: 8 storeys for side, 14m for rear
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ALLOWABLE FIREWALLS TGFA
▪ Commercial, institutional, and industrial: ▪ Total gross floor area
▪ Firewalls allowed on the ff. conditions:
▪ Provide sprinkler system
Allowable ▪ The total floor space inside the building

▪ Install fire-retardant or fire-suppression devices floor areas ▪ Keyword: inside/enclosed

▪ Maximum 70% of lot perimeter ▪ Includes services/parking (unlike GFA)
▪ RROW setbacks are complied with

ALLOWABLE MAX. TGFA BHL

▪ Table VII.1, p.84 of Rule 7 & 8 ▪ Building height limit
▪ Format: Number of floors x footprint ▪ Given in Table VII.2 on p.89
▪ Depends on the ff.:
Building height ▪ Depends on zoning
▪ Lot type
▪ Zoning
▪ Use of firewalls

ESTABLISHING THE TOP OF

HOW IS BUILDING HEIGHT MEASURED? ESTABLISHING THE GRADE LINE BUILDING HEIGHT LIMIT PROJECTIONS
▪ From established grade line to the topmost ▪ Grade line = highest adjoining sidewalk or natural ▪ If roof is flat, top = rooftop ▪ Towers, spires and steeples
portion of the building grade line ▪ If made of combustible materials, 6.0m above BHL
▪ If roof is sloping, top = middle of roof height
▪ Excludes allowed projections above the roof, like: ▪ But if grade is sloping: ▪ If made of incombustible materials, limited only by
structural design
▪ Signage ▪ If less than 3 meters diff., take highest grade
▪ Masts ▪ If more than 3 meters diff., take the average
▪ Antenna or telecom tower

BHL + RROW
▪ The RROW width also dictates the BHL:
▪ 6-7m RROW: 3.0 storeys or 9.0m
▪ 4-5m RROW: 2.5 storeys or 7.5m Parking
▪ 0-3m RROW: 2.0 storeys or 6.0m
▪ Only exceptions: PUD

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PARKING SLOT SIZES PARKING REQUIREMENTS SAMPLE PARKING REQUIREMENTS SAMPLE PARKING REQUIREMENTS
▪ Given in Table VII.4 on p.100 ▪ Hotels ▪ Churches
Vehicle Width of parking slot Length or parking slot ▪ For every 50sqm. of congregation area, provide:
▪ Based on occupancy and lot/floor areas ▪ If highly urbanized, 1 slot for every 3 rooms
Car ▪ 1 car slot
▪ If not, 1 slot for every 7 rooms
Perpendicular parking 2.50m 5.00m ▪ 1 jeepney slot
▪ 2 tourist bus parking slots
Parallel parking 2.15m 6.00m ▪ Public universities
▪ 1 loading slot for articulated truck
Jeepney 3.00m 9.00m ▪ 1 car slot for every 5 classrooms
Standard truck/bus 3.60m 12.00m ▪ 1 loading space for 2 jeepney or shuttle slots
Articulated truck 3.60m 18.00m ▪ 1 school bus for every 200 students
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SAMPLE PARKING REQUIREMENTS FRACTIONS IN COMPUTATIONS OFF-SITE PARKING LOTS OFF-SITE PARKING LOTS
▪ Public hospital ▪ When computing for parking slots, a fraction of ▪ If a multi-floor parking garage is located within a ▪ Reserved or leased parking slots may also serve
▪ 1 car slot for every 25 beds 50% or higher shall be considered as one slot. 200-meter radius of the building, 20% of the the parking requirements if:
required parking provisions may be served the ▪ The slots are in a permanent parking building and not
▪ 1 loading space for 2 jeepney/shuttle slots ▪ In all cases, at least one slot shall be provided
multi-floor parking garage. in a vacant parking lot.
▪ 1 slot for articulated truck unless otherwise allowed.
▪ The said parking building is:
▪ 1 slot for standard truck for every 5,000sqm gross
▪ Not more than 100m away, if residential
floor area
▪ Not more than 200m away, if commercial
▪ Add truck maneuvering space outside RROW

MANEUVERING SPACE TRAFFIC-GENERATING BUILDINGS FRONT YARDS AS PARKING

▪ Using the RROW as a maneuvering space is not ▪ Example: shopping malls ▪ Not allowed for the following:
allowed ▪ R2 Maximum
▪ The distance between such buildings and major
▪ To prevent this, direct access of road intersections is regulated ▪ R3 Maximum
parking/loading/utility slots to the RROW shall be ▪ GI
▪ The building ingress and the intersection shall be
disallowed ▪ C1, C2 and C3
at least 50m apart (measured between the two
nearest curbs) ▪ 50% of front yard may be used as parking for R2
Basic and R3 Basic
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SANITATION FOUNDATION STRUCTURAL LOADS

▪ At least one sanitary toilet and adequate washing ▪ At least 250mm thick ▪ First floor live load: 200kg/sqm
and draining facilities
Minimum requirements: ▪ At least 600mm below the surface of the ground ▪ Second floor live load: 150kg/sqm

Group A dwellings ▪ Wind load for roofs: 120kg/sqm (vertical)

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STAIRS ENTRANCE + EXIT TERMS DEFINED
▪ Minimum width: 750mm ▪ At least one entrance, and another one for exit ▪ TLA = Total lot area
▪ Maximum riser: 200mm Development ▪ PSO = Percentage of site occupancy
▪ Minimum tread: 200mm controls ▪ The part of the lot occupied by the building (A.K.A.
building footprint expressed in %)
▪ Note: These riser/tread dimensions do not match the general
dimensions prescribed in Rule 12. ▪ TOSL = Total open space within lot
▪ The part of the lot NOT occupied by the building
▪ TLA = PSO + TOSL
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TERMS DEFINED TERMS DEFINED

▪ USA = Unpaved surface area ▪ MACA = PSO + ISA
▪ The portion of the open space that is unpaved ▪ Hence, TLA = MACA + USA
▪ Note: MACA stands for Maximum Allowable Construction Area
▪ ISA = Impervious surface area
▪ The portion of the open space that is paved
▪ Since “open space” = TOSL,
▪ TOSL = USA + ISA

TERMS DEFINED TERMS DEFINED BUILDING BULK METHOD 1: AMBF PROJECTION

▪ AMBF = Allowable max. building footprint ▪ TGFA = Total gross floor area ▪ A volume quantity ▪ Determine the AMBF
▪ Footprint expressed in square meters
▪ Includes all enclosed floor areas, no exceptions ▪ In the simplest sense, ▪ Determine the BHL (in meters)
▪ GFA = Gross floor area
▪ Total enclosed floor area (including balconies) ▪ AMVB = Allowable max. volume of building ▪ Building bulk = Footprint x Height ▪ AMBF x BHL = Building bulk
▪ Excludes the following enclosed areas: ▪ OFB = Outer faces of the building ▪ However, the Code prescribes several different
▪ Parking, services, utilities
▪ Vertical penetrations in parking floors if not used for residential or ▪ FLAR = Floor and lot area ratio methods for determining this quantity
commercial purposes
▪ Balconies exceeding 10sqm, uncovered areas, fire escape
structures, etc.
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METHOD 2: FLAR METHOD 2: FLAR

▪ FLAR : Floor to lot area ratio ▪ Building bulk = Footprint x Height
▪ Total floor area / lot area ▪ To get footprint:
▪ For example, a FLAR designation of 1.50 means that a ▪ FLAR x TLA = Total floor area
lot measuring 100sqm may accommodate a building
whose total floor area is 150sqm. ▪ Total floor area/Number of storeys = Footprint

▪ In a way, FLAR tells us how many lots can fit inside the ▪ Hence, building bulk is equal to:
building. ▪ [(FLAR x TLA)/number of storeys] x BHL

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METHOD 3: AMVB
1. AMBF x BHL = initial AMVB (“prism”)
2. Superimpose the angular plane originating from
the RROW onto the “prism”
▪ Angular plane: a plane originating from the RROW that
establishes the outer limit for walls and building
projections.
3. Use the angular plane to reduce the volume of
the prism. This is the AMVB.
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OTHER FORMULAS
▪ PSO = AMBF / TLA
▪ GFA = TLA x FLAR
▪ TGFA = GFA + Non-GFA

INTENT VARIABLES
RULE 8 ▪ Every building shall be designed, constructed, and
equipped to provide adequate light and ventilation.
▪ Setbacks

Light + Ventilation ▪ Site occupancy

▪ Room sizes
▪ Ceiling heights
▪ Window sizes
▪ Courts
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MEASUREMENT OF SITE
OCCUPANCY PSO, TOSL, USA, ISA LOT TYPES
▪ Taken at ground level and exclusive of courts, ▪ TLA = PSO + TOSL ▪ The Code defines seven lot types
yards, and light wells. ▪ Inside lot
▪ TOSL = USA + ISA
▪ Interior lot
▪ USA = minimum value ▪ Corner lot
▪ ISA = maximum value ▪ Through lot
▪ Corner through lot
▪ These values are given in Table VII.1 on p.131
▪ Corner through lot abutting 3 or more streets
▪ End lot
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YARD VERSUS SETBACK

▪ Yard: the required open space left between the
outermost face of the building and the property
lines
▪ Setback: the width of the yard

COURTS
▪ Minimum dimension: 2.00m
▪ Hence, minimum area: 4.00sqm
▪ All inner courts shall be connected to a street or
yard by a passageway at least 1.20m wide

JOINING OF COURTS PARKING SPACES AND CARPORTS

▪ Minimum dimension may be reduced to 1.50m in ▪ If a carport is roofed, it will be considered part of
cluster living units with adjacent courts the building footprint and not the TOSL
▪ Minimum area per court: 3.00sqm
▪ Separation wall: 2.00m high maximum

MINIMUM ROOM SIZES HABITABLE ROOM KITCHEN

Minimum Minimum
area dimension
Room for human 6.00sqm 2.00m
habitation
Kitchen 3.00sqm 1.50m
Toilet and bath 1.20sqm 0.90m

TOILET + BATH AIR SPACE REQUIREMENTS MINIMUM AREA OF WINDOWS

Floor Minimum window Absolute
Air space/person
area/person area minimum
School rooms 3.00 cubic meters 1.00sqm Habitable rooms 10% of floor area 1.00sqm
Easements
Workshops, 12.00 cubic meters Bathrooms, laundry 5% of floor area 240sq.mm.
factories, offices rooms, etc.
Habitable rooms 14.00 cubic meters

EASEMENT IS PUBLIC LAND MINIMUM EASEMENTS

▪ Situated outside of private property limits
▪ Should be equally enjoyed by all members of the
community
▪ The only uses allowed are those that support its
public recreational character

ACCESS TO PROPERTY
▪ No building shall be constructed unless it adjoins
or has direct access to a public space, yard, or
road on at least one side.
▪ Interior or rear lots shall have an access road with
a minimum width of 3.00m. Provide a 4.00m wide
chaflan at the intersection with the main RROW.

THREE RROW LEVELS RROW ABOVE GRADE RROW AT GRADE

▪ RROW above grade ▪ From the finished surface of the roadway all the ▪ From natural grade line to the finished surface of
way up to the air the carriageway or sidewalk
▪ RROW at grade
▪ If utilized for whatever purpose, the use or air ▪ Generally utilized for the movement of the general
▪ RROW below grade
rights must be compensated for (leased from the public (motorists and pedestrians)
government)
▪ If utilized for whatever purpose, proponent must
▪ Minimum clear height: 4.27m from crown of lease/pay the government
carriageway
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RROW BELOW GRADE SIDEWALKS

▪ From finished surface of roadway all the way ▪ The local planning authority shall determine which
down into the ground streets shall have an open sidewalk or an arcaded
sidewalk, or a combination of both
▪ If utilized for whatever purpose, proponent must
lease/pay the government ▪ For a RROW width of 9.00m or more, the
minimum sidewalk width shall be 1.20m on each
side of the RROW. For RROW less than 9.00m,
refer to Table VIII.G.3

DRIVEWAYS ACROSS SIDEWALKS DRIVEWAYS ACROSS SIDEWALKS

▪ If curb height = 200mm or lower, the driveway and ▪ If curb height = greater than 200mm, a curb
the sidewalk shall be on the same plane. Provide cutout for the driveway may be allowed and the
entry ramp of slope 1/3 to ¼ connecting the driveway may be constructed along the entire
carriageway to the sidewalk/curb. width of the sidewalk. The sidewalk and the
driveway shall be joined by a ramp with a slope of
not more than 1/8.

PLANTING STRIPS
▪ Sidewalks 2.00m or more in width shall include on
its outer side a planting strip of not less than
800mm wide up to a maximum of 1/3 of the
sidewalk width
▪ The planting strip is meant to separate the curb
from the sidewalk, and must always be placed
near the curbline.

BASIC SANITATION PROVISIONS WATER SOURCE

RULE 9 ▪ All buildings shall be provided with the ff: ▪ Potable water shall be sourced from the existing
municipal waterworks system whenever possible
▪ Adequate and potable water supply
Sanitation
▪ Adequate plumbing installation
▪ Suitable wastewater treatment/disposal system
▪ Storm water drainage

ARE PROJECTIONS BEYOND THE

PROPERTY LINE ALLOWED? PROJECTIONS INTO THE RROW
RULE 10 ▪ No. Unless otherwise allowed by the Code. ▪ National roads or public highways: footings
located at least 2.40m below grade may project
Building Projections Over Public Streets 300mm (maximum) beyond the property line
▪ Public sidewalk: Foundations may encroach
500mm into the sidewalk if top of foundation is at
least 600mm below grade

PROJECTIONS INTO THE RROW BALCONIES BALCONIES ARCADES

▪ In all cases, these projections shall not obstruct ▪ Clearance between sidewalk grade and lowest ▪ Arcades may be constructed on sidewalks of
any utilities/services, unless the owner is willing to portion of balcony = 3.00m minimum streets whenever allowed or required by existing
pay for the rerouting of said utilities/services. building and zoning regulations.
▪ Arcades shall be at least 3.00m above the
sidewalk grade.

DOORS + WINDOWS CHAFLANS

▪ Unless at least 2.40m above the pavement, no ▪ Every corner building or fence on a public street
door or window shall project beyond the property less than 3.60m wide shall be truncated at the
line when fully opened or upon opening. corner to form a chaflan.
▪ The chaflan shall be at least 4.00m wide.

STORAGE IN PUBLIC PROPERTY MORTAR MIXING TEMPORARY WALKWAYS FENCES + CANOPIES

▪ Shall not obstruct utility provisions (fire hydrants, ▪ The mixing of mortar or concrete shall not be ▪ When the Building Official authorizes a sidewalk ▪ Fences shall entirely enclose a construction site
fire alarm box, manholes) allowed on public streets. to be closed, a temporary walkway at least 1.20m
▪ Minimum height: 2.40 meters above curb
wide shall be provided
▪ Shall not interfere with drainage
▪ If the street has no sidewalk, width may be
▪ Shall not interfere with vehicular and pedestrian
reduced to 600mm.
traffic
▪ If RROW is 5.00m wide or less, no temporary
walkways are allowed.
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FENCES + CANOPIES FENCES + CANOPIES

▪ When the horizontal distance between the OFB ▪ For canopies: provide a clear unobstructed height
and the inner edge or the sidewalk is more than ½ of 2.40m above the walkway
the building height, only a 2.40m high fence is
required.
▪ When the horizontal distance between the OFB
and the inner edge or the sidewalk is equal or less
than ½ the building height, a canopy will be also
be required in addition to the fence.
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EXCAVATIONS OCCUPANT LOAD

RULE 12 ▪ Excavations must not endanger life or property ▪ The maximum number of persons that may be
allowed to occupy a certain room, floor, or area
General Design Requirements ▪ Any person undertaking an excavation shall
ensure that the soil of the adjoining property will ▪ Shall be determined by dividing the floor area
not cave in or settle. assigned to that use by the unit area allowed per
occupant as shown on Table XII.1.
▪ Cut slopes shall be no steeper than 2:1
(horizontal:vertical). ▪ Floor area/unit area per occupant

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OCCUPANT LOAD OCCUPANT LOAD NUMBER OF EXITS NUMBER OF EXITS
Use Area/occupant
2 exits required
Use Area/occupant
2 exits required ▪ Every building shall have at least one exit ▪ Every floor with occupant load of 500-999 shall
if more than if more than have at least 3 exits.
Dwellings 28.00sqm 10
▪ Upper floors with occupant load of more than 10
Stores – Basement 2.80sqm 50
shall have at least two exits ▪ Every floor with occupant load of 1000 or more
Hotels, apartments 18.60sqm 10 Stores – Ground floor 2.80sqm 50 shall have at least 4 exits.
▪ A mezzanine floor bigger than 185sqm or having
Classrooms 1.80sqm 50 Stores – Upper floors 5.60sqm 10 more than 18.00m in any dimension shall have at
School shops/labs 4.60sqm 50 Stores – Offices 9.30sqm 30 least two stairways to an adjacent floor
Hospitals 8.40sqm 50 Auditoriums, theaters,
0.65sqm 50
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WIDTH OF EXITS ARRANGEMENT OF EXITS DISTANCE TO EXITS EXITS DOORS

▪ Total width of exits = Occupant load/165 ▪ If two exits are required, the two exits must be ▪ If without a sprinkler system, 45.00m maximum ▪ When serving an occupant load of 50 or more,
apart by at least 1/5 of the perimeter of the area must swing in the direction of exit travel
▪ Note: This is the total width in meters ▪ If with a sprinkler system, 60.00m maximum
served.
▪ Double acting doors shall not be used as exits
▪ Measured from any point in a building, measured
▪ If three or more are required, they shall be when serving a tributary load of more than 100.
along the line of travel
arranged a reasonable distance apart Must be provided with a view panel of not less
than 1300 sq. cm.

TYPE OF LOCKS SIZE OF DOORS PROHIBITED DOORS FLOOR LEVEL CHANGE AT DOORS
▪ Exit doors shall be openable from the inside ▪ Minimum width of doorway: 0.90mm ▪ The following shall not be used as exit doors: ▪ There shall be a floor or a landing on each side of an
without the use of a key or any special knowledge ▪ Revolving doors exit door
▪ Minimum height of doorway: 2.00m
or effort ▪ Sliding doors ▪ The floor/landing shall not be more than 50mm lower
▪ Shall be capable of opening at least 90 degrees than the door threshold
▪ Overhead doors
▪ Maximum door leaf width: 1.20m ▪ Exception: For Group A or B occupancies, a door may
open over the top step provided that the landing is
not more than 200mm from the floor level and the
door does not swing over the top step.
This presentation is the property of Arch. Pedro Santos Jr. and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- This presentation is the property of Arch. Pedro Santos Jr. and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- This presentation is the property of Arch. Pedro Santos Jr. and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- This presentation is the property of Arch. Pedro Santos Jr. and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
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CORRIDORS DEAD ENDS STAIRWAY WIDTHS RISER AND TREAD

▪ Minimum width: 1.10m ▪ Maximum length: 6.00m ▪ 1.10m for occupant load more than 50 ▪ Maximum riser: 200mm
▪ This width shall be unobstructed, except that trim ▪ 0.90m for occupant load of 50 or less ▪ Minimum tread: 250mm
handrails and doors when fully opened shall not
▪ 0.75m for occupant load of less than 10 (private) ▪ Note: Always keep in mind that the NBC requirement is a
reduce the required with by more than 200mm. maximum for risers, and a minimum for treads
▪ Handrails shall not reduce the width of stairways
▪ Doors in any position shall not reduce the width by
by more than 100mm
more than ½.

BASEMENT STAIRWAYS WINDING STAIRWAYS CIRCULAR STAIRWAYS

▪ If a basement stairway and a stairway to an upper ▪ Allowed as exits as long as the required tread ▪ May be used as exits provided that the minimum
storey terminate at the same exit enclosure, a (250mm) is provided at a point 300mm away width of run is not less than 250mm
barrier shall be provided to prevent persons from from the narrow end
continuing into the basements
▪ However, the tread must not be narrower than
▪ Also provide directional exit signs 150mm at any point

AISLES AISLE TRAVEL DISTANCE AISLE TRAVEL DISTANCE FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
▪ Aisles leading to an exit shall be provided for all ▪ The line of travel to an exit door by an aisle shall ▪ The number of seats between aisles may be ▪ Automatic fire extinguishing systems are required
portions with installed seats, tables, etc. not be more than 45.00m increased to 30 if: for the following:
▪ Shall be at least 0.80m wide if serving only one ▪ Maximum 7 seats between wall and aisle ▪ Exit doors are provided along each aisle at the rate of 1 ▪ Habitable storeys with an area of 200 sqm or more
pair of exit doors for every 5 rows of seats with an occupant load of more than 20
side, or 1.00m if serving both sides
▪ Maximum 14 seats between two aisles ▪ The back-to-back distance between seats is 1.00m ▪ Dressing rooms, rehearsal rooms, workshops or
▪ This minimum width shall be measured at the minimum factories with occupant load of more than 10
▪ Maximum slope: 1 in 8
point farthest from the exit, and shall be increased ▪ Minimum clear width of exit doors is 1.70m ▪ Assembly halls under Group H and I with occupant
by 30mm for every meter in length towards the load of more than 500
exit
This presentation is the property of Arch. Pedro Santos Jr. and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- This presentation is the property of Arch. Pedro Santos Jr. and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- This presentation is the property of Arch. Pedro Santos Jr. and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- This presentation is the property of Arch. Pedro Santos Jr. and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
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DRY STANDPIPES WET STANDPIPES LOCATIONS OF WET STANDPIPES

▪ All buildings 4 or more storeys in height shall be ▪ The following shall have wet standpipes: ▪ All portions of the building are within 6.00m of a
equipped with one or more dry standpipes ▪ Group H or I occupancy of any height nozzle attached to a hose 23.00m in length
▪ Group C occupancy 2 or more storeys in height (standpipes 58.00m apart)
▪ Standpipes shall be located within enclosed
stairway landings ▪ Groups B, D, E F and G 3 or more storeys in height ▪ For assembly occupancies:
▪ Group G and E occupancy over 1800 sqm in area ▪ 1 outlet on each side of the stage
▪ Siamese connections shall be located on the
street-front of a building 300mm-1200mm above ▪ Exemption: ▪ 1 at the rear of the auditorium
grade ▪ Group H buildings without stage whose seating ▪ 1 at the rear of the balcony
capacity is less than 500
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REFERRAL CODES CLEARANCE OF SERVICE DROPS ELEVATORS
RULE 13 ▪ All electrical systems and installations shall
conform to the provisions of the Philippine
▪ 2.50m from highest point of roofs ▪ Hoistway pit: minimum 600mm from underside of
car to bottom of pit
Electrical + Mechanical ▪ 3.00m from the ground
Electrical Code pursuant to RA 7920 (Electrical
▪ Maximum four elevators in a single hoistway
Engg. Law) ▪ 1.00m (horizontal) from windows/porches
▪ Residential buildings 5 storeys or higher shall
▪ All mechanical systems and installations shall ▪ 5.50m from the crown of the street or sidewalk
have at least one passenger elevator on 24-hour
conform to the provisions of the Philippine ▪ No service drop conductors or any other wiring constant operation
Mechanical Code pursuant to RA 8495 (Mech. shall pass over swimming pools
Engg. Law)
This presentation is the property of Arch. Pedro Santos Jr. and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- This presentation is the property of Arch. Pedro Santos Jr. and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- This presentation is the property of Arch. Pedro Santos Jr. and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- This presentation is the property of Arch. Pedro Santos Jr. and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
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ESCALATORS AIR CONDITIONING WATER PUMPING

▪ Maximum inclination: 30° from horizontal ▪ Comfortable cooling standards: ▪ Installation of pumping equipment directly from
▪ Temperature: 20°-24° Celsius the public water supply system is prohibited
▪ Width between ballustrades: 560mm-1200mm.
Shall not exceed the width of the step by more ▪ Humidity: 50% - 60%
than 330mm ▪ Air movement: 4.60-7.60 meters per minute
▪ Speed: 38 meters per minute maximum (common
rule is 90-120 fpm/27.5-36.5mpm)

FILM STORAGE ROOMS FILM STORAGE ROOMS

RULE 14 ▪ Provide automatic fire extinguishing systems for
the following:
▪ No films shall be stored within 600mm of steam
pipes, chimneys, or other sources of heat
Photo Films + X-ray Films
▪ When unexposed films in shipping containers exceed
14.00 cubic meters
▪ When shelving used for storing film exceeds 1.40
cubic meters in capacity

PREFABRICATED ASSEMBLY
RULE 15 ▪ A structural unit, the integral parts of which have
been built-up or assembled prior to incorporation
RULE 16
Prefabricated Construction in the building Plastics

▪ To determine structural adequacy, they shall pass

special tests conducted by accredited material
testing laboratories

SPRAY PAINT BOOTHS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

▪ Paint spray booths shall be constructed of not
less than No. 18 US Gauge in thickness
RULE 18 ▪ Applies to all exterior glass/glazing except Groups
A, B, and J not taller than three storeys
Glass + Glazing
▪ The area of a spray paint booth shall not exceed ▪ Each glass panel shall bear the manufacturer’s
150sqm label designating the type and thickness of glass
▪ The floor of the booth, if combustible, shall be
covered with non-combustible material
▪ Shall permit the free passage of exhaust air
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GENERAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

▪ Glass panels with special performance
characteristics shall bear the manufacturer’s label
▪ Glass in large areas along shopping malls,
commercial buildings, institutional buildings, etc.
RULE 19
indicating said characteristics Use of Computers

▪ Measures shall be taken to keep persons from

walking into fixed glass panels where the floor on
both sides of the glass are the same level
(guardrails, etching, flower bins)

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION

▪ The use of computers for all or any part of
building design is permitted provided that all
▪ File with the OBO a reference to a publication
accessible to him where a detailed description of
RULE 20
programs to be used are documented the program including a description of the Signs
algorithms are found
▪ The software name, version number and the
developer and its address shall be provided as
part of documentation

PROJECTING SIGNS
▪ Minimum vertical clearance
▪ Non-arcaded RROW: 3.00m from road surface to
lowest part of signs
▪ Arcaded RROW: 5.00m from road surface to lowest
END
part of signs

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PD1096

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Authorship + Disclaimer RULE 1

This work is the property of Arch. Pedro Santos Jr.

PURPOSE OF THE CODE SCOPE OF APPLICATION

Addition Alteration Renovation Conversion

Repair Demolition Ancillary building/structure

FEE EXEMPTIONS PROHIBITED ACTS PROHIBITED ACTS DANGEROUS BUILDINGS

OPTIONS FOR DANGEROUS BLDGS BUILDING PERMIT

INSPECTION + SUPERVISION TYPE I

undertake the full-time inspection and Types of Construction

TYPE II TYPE III TYPE IV TYPE V

BUILDINGS IN MULTIPLE FIRE ZONES FIRE RESISTIVE RATING

Fire Resistive Requirements ▪ Usually expressed in the form of a time period

FIRE RESISTIVE STANDARDS FIRE RESISTIVE STANDARDS

OCCUPANCY VERSUS ZONING OCCUPANCIES OCCUPANCIES ZONING

▪ PUD – Planned unit development

C: EDUCATION + RECREATION D: INSTITUTIONAL E: BUSINESS + MERCANTILE F: LIGHT INDUSTRIAL

I: ASSEMBLY FOR 1,000 OR MORE J: ACCESSORY R1

C3 GI I-1 (INDUSTRIAL) I-2 (INDUSTRIAL)

PRE (PARKS, RECREATION,

RIGHT OF WAY EAVES OVER WINDOWS FIREWALLS

ALLOWABLE FIREWALLS ALLOWABLE FIREWALLS ALLOWABLE FIREWALLS

ALLOWABLE FIREWALLS ALLOWABLE FIREWALLS

▪ Install fire-retardant or fire-suppression devices floor areas ▪ Keyword: inside/enclosed

ALLOWABLE MAX. TGFA BHL

ESTABLISHING THE TOP OF

MANEUVERING SPACE TRAFFIC-GENERATING BUILDINGS FRONT YARDS AS PARKING

SANITATION FOUNDATION STRUCTURAL LOADS

Group A dwellings ▪ Wind load for roofs: 120kg/sqm (vertical)

TERMS DEFINED TERMS DEFINED

TERMS DEFINED TERMS DEFINED BUILDING BULK METHOD 1: AMBF PROJECTION

METHOD 2: FLAR METHOD 2: FLAR

Light + Ventilation ▪ Site occupancy

YARD VERSUS SETBACK

JOINING OF COURTS PARKING SPACES AND CARPORTS

MINIMUM ROOM SIZES HABITABLE ROOM KITCHEN

TOILET + BATH AIR SPACE REQUIREMENTS MINIMUM AREA OF WINDOWS

EASEMENT IS PUBLIC LAND MINIMUM EASEMENTS

THREE RROW LEVELS RROW ABOVE GRADE RROW AT GRADE

RROW BELOW GRADE SIDEWALKS

DRIVEWAYS ACROSS SIDEWALKS DRIVEWAYS ACROSS SIDEWALKS

BASIC SANITATION PROVISIONS WATER SOURCE

ARE PROJECTIONS BEYOND THE

PROJECTIONS INTO THE RROW BALCONIES BALCONIES ARCADES

DOORS + WINDOWS CHAFLANS

STORAGE IN PUBLIC PROPERTY MORTAR MIXING TEMPORARY WALKWAYS FENCES + CANOPIES

FENCES + CANOPIES FENCES + CANOPIES

EXCAVATIONS OCCUPANT LOAD

WIDTH OF EXITS ARRANGEMENT OF EXITS DISTANCE TO EXITS EXITS DOORS

CORRIDORS DEAD ENDS STAIRWAY WIDTHS RISER AND TREAD

BASEMENT STAIRWAYS WINDING STAIRWAYS CIRCULAR STAIRWAYS

DRY STANDPIPES WET STANDPIPES LOCATIONS OF WET STANDPIPES

ESCALATORS AIR CONDITIONING WATER PUMPING

FILM STORAGE ROOMS FILM STORAGE ROOMS

▪ To determine structural adequacy, they shall pass

SPRAY PAINT BOOTHS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

▪ Measures shall be taken to keep persons from

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION

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