100% found this document useful (14 votes)
258 views15 pages

Contemporary Skull Base Surgery A Comprehensive Guide To Functional Preservation Scribd Full Download

Contemporary Skull Base Surgery: A Comprehensive Guide to Functional Preservation serves as a modern resource for neurosurgeons, integrating both traditional and endoscopic surgical approaches to optimize treatment strategies for complex brain pathologies. The book emphasizes the importance of functional and anatomical preservation while providing detailed guidance on surgical techniques, anatomical considerations, and decision-making processes. It includes contributions from leading experts in the field, supplemented with surgical videos and illustrations to enhance understanding and training for both experienced surgeons and those in training.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
100% found this document useful (14 votes)
258 views15 pages

Contemporary Skull Base Surgery A Comprehensive Guide To Functional Preservation Scribd Full Download

Contemporary Skull Base Surgery: A Comprehensive Guide to Functional Preservation serves as a modern resource for neurosurgeons, integrating both traditional and endoscopic surgical approaches to optimize treatment strategies for complex brain pathologies. The book emphasizes the importance of functional and anatomical preservation while providing detailed guidance on surgical techniques, anatomical considerations, and decision-making processes. It includes contributions from leading experts in the field, supplemented with surgical videos and illustrations to enhance understanding and training for both experienced surgeons and those in training.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Contemporary Skull Base Surgery A Comprehensive Guide

to Functional Preservation

Visit the link below to download the full version of this book:

https://medipdf.com/product/contemporary-skull-base-surgery-a-comprehensive-guid
e-to-functional-preservation/

Click Download Now


vi Foreword

wisdom founded in their own experiences, and translations of their own suc-
cesses and failures. With these guides helping you to avoid their mistakes,
envision a surgical plan that will lead to success. And yes, unfortunately, on
occasion, you will still make your own mistakes. That too is the nature of
skull base surgery.
As eloquently stated by Rene Leriche, “Every surgeon carries within him-
self a small cemetery, where from time to time he goes to pray – a place of
bitterness and regret, where he must look for an explanation for his failures.”
Use this book as a guide to keep your cemetery of regret as small as
possible.
Contemporary Skull Base Surgery: A Comprehensive Guide to Functional
Preservation reflects Dr. Youssef’s vision of what is possible in our field and
his passion to make a difference.
Harry R. van Loveren
Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair
University of South Florida Health Morsani College of Medicine
Tampa, FL, USA
Preface

For skull base neurosurgeons and neurosurgeons in training, Contemporary


Skull Base Surgery: A Comprehensive Guide to Functional Preservation is a
modern resource with a unifying message. My concept for this book evolved
over a 3-year period to not only encompass recent technological advances in
the operating room and radiology suite but to unify the achievements in our
field from the past with the present.
With support from Springer, the idea was launched to create a comprehen-
sive guide/companion to facilitate the surgeon’s decision-making process and
to support young surgeons in building a successful career in skull base sur-
gery. Contemporary Skull Base Surgery’s contributors and Springer editors
supported the idea of taking a progressive approach in the chapter format by
creating a roadmap for devising optimum treatment strategies for complex
brain pathologies. The authors generously supplemented their chapters with
anatomical figures and surgical videos.
Contemporary Skull Base Surgery addressed a divisive fundamental issue.
As the scope of knowledge expanded within the field of neurosurgery, meth-
odologies became more complex. However, a chiasm of debate among neu-
rosurgeons widened: should surgery be performed by purely endoscopic
approaches or only traditional open approaches? Microsurgery was no longer
the only treatment choice for complex brain pathologies. The evolution of
endoscopic endonasal skull base approaches and the ongoing advances in
radiotherapy enhanced the surgeon’s ability to “do no harm.” Yet, without
integration of these two viewpoints, the selection of an optimum treatment
strategy remained a confounding step.
Further impeding this learning process, current textbooks are typically
either endoscopic or traditional. The few references that combine both do not
guide the reader to which treatment strategy to choose. Therefore, devising an
optimum treatment strategy for complex brain pathologies using the strengths
of both schools of thought became a challenging enterprise.
Contemporary Skull Base Surgery unifies the strengths of both of these
schools of thought, preserving the wisdom of skull base traditions and pro-
moting recent advances in the operating room and radiology. This compre-
hensive guide/companion aims to facilitate the surgeon’s decision-making
process in optimizing treatments for our patients by functional and anatomi-
cal preservation of key neurovascular structures. Contributing authors of this

vii
viii Preface

text have been in the forefront of designing skull base laboratories; creating
skull base trainings for residents, fellows, and junior-level surgeons; and
leading the design and refinement of instrumentation, technique, and clinical
protocols in our field.

How to Use This Book

Contemporary Skull Base Surgery consists of eleven main sections. The


numerous chapters are written by skull base leaders who guide the reader
with their expertise in surgical technique and technology. Important to this
text are the supplementary surgical and endoscopic videos. Readers are
encouraged to make use of these highly effective training tools, which can
enhance their understanding of the text.
The first section, General Principles, consists of 13 foundational chapters
essential for every skull base surgeon. Contributors acquaint the reader with
the essentials, such as skull base anatomy, development of a multidisciplinary
skull base team, operating room equipment, surgical instruments, and mod-
ern imaging technologies. These authors masterfully convey the key elements
that play a major role in optimizing functional outcomes and patient quality
of life.
The two chapters on compartmental anatomy set the stage for understand-
ing the technical and surgical nuances of each location. The ten subsequent
sections are organized by anatomical compartment or region of the skull base
for uniformity and ease of use. Each section describes the available choices
for treatment to each compartment contributed by world-class neurosurgeons
and otolaryngologists who provide top-level expertise in how to tackle each
pathology.
The surgical approach chapters that follow then lead to a specific anatomi-
cal section. Operative techniques are described in a clear and stepwise man-
ner with accompanying intraoperative photos, illustrations, and surgical
videos.
Chapters addressing individual pathologies depict pathological subtypes
with representative radiographic images of clinical case examples. Each
pathology includes a treatment algorithm based on tumor morphology, preop-
erative clinical status, and the goal of maximum functional preservation that
includes a brief description of surgical approaches. This becomes the reader’s
roadmap, a guide to reach a decision treatment of each patient’s skull base
pathology. (See “How to Use This Book: Example Case”)
Contemporary Skull Base Surgery aims to be a comprehensive, versatile
handbook as well as detailed reference and surgical atlas for skull base sur-
gery. My deep appreciation to the collaborative of contributing authors from
the fields of neurosurgery and otolaryngology who exemplify the unifying
vision and progressive concept of this text, which replaces partisanship with
deeper discussion.
Contemporary Skull Base Surgery uniquely integrates the two main surgi-
cal schools of endoscopy and open surgery into one reference that is enhanced
by treatment algorithms. Over years, trainees candidly shared their sugges-
Preface ix

tions, criticisms, and ideas to better grasp the knowledge component of skull
base surgery. Their input as the next generation of surgeons helped to fuel the
progressive concept of this text. Finally, I wish to acknowledge Dr. Takanori
Fukushima whose gracious encouragement and insight fueled my determina-
tion to envision and produce Contemporary Skull Base Surgery.

Aurora, CO, USA A. Samy Youssef, MD, PhD


How to Use This Book: Example Case

Contemporary Skull Base Surgery focuses to identify the target struc-


tures and to plan an approach that minimizes iatrogenic damage. This
strategy will lead the surgeon down the road of either open, endoscopic,
or a combination of both approaches.
Example: Evaluating a patient with an anterior skull base
meningioma.

• First, go to the section Anterior Cranial Fossa and review the chapter
“Meningioma” to find the optimum treatment strategy based on
tumor size, location, and preoperative functional and anatomical sta-
tus of surrounding neurovascular structures.
• Second, follow the pictorial algorithm for selecting the steps to opti-
mal treatment or surgical choice.
• Third, read the details about the surgical approach selected (endo-
scopic, open, combined, or radiosurgery) in the general section
Anterior Cranial Fossa and reconstruction of the skull base in the
section General Principles.

Summary: Use this decision-making process when seeing a patient


in clinic. Follow with a more detailed study before performing the sur-
gical procedure. Contemporary Skull Base Surgery can be a useful
adjunct for multidisciplinary case discussions and clinical rounds
geared toward finalizing a treatment plan.

xi
Contents

Part I General Principles

1 
Evolution of the Multidisciplinary Skull Base Team��������������������   3
Rafael Martinez-Perez and A. Samy Youssef
2 
Surgical Anatomy of the Cranial Nerves ��������������������������������������   9
Jaafar Basma, Kara Parikh, and Jeffrey M. Sorenson
3 
Skull Base Compartmental Anatomy: Microsurgical and
Endoscopic���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 35
Jaafar Basma, Kara Parikh, and Jeffrey M. Sorenson
4 The Operating Room ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 61
Rafael Martinez-Perez and A. Samy Youssef
5 Surgical Positioning ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 71
Robert S. Heller, Siviero Agazzi, and Harry R. Van Loveren
6 
Cranial Nerve Functional Preservation: Tricks of the Trade������ 81
Rafael Martinez-Perez and A. Samy Youssef
7 Neurophysiologic Monitoring �������������������������������������������������������� 89
Rafael Martinez-Perez, Angela Downes, and A. Samy Youssef
8 Microdissection Tools���������������������������������������������������������������������� 101
A. Samy Youssef
9 
Neuroimaging Precision Tools and Augmented Reality���������������� 105
Torstein R. Meling and Maria-Isabel Vargas
10 Skull Base Reconstruction�������������������������������������������������������������� 131
Garni Barkhoudarian, Michael B. Avery, and Daniel F. Kelly
11 
Role of Radiotherapy in Modern Skull Base Surgery������������������ 147
Tiit Mathiesen
12 
Cerebral Revascularization for Skull Base Lesions���������������������� 157
Nickalus Khan, Turki Elarjani, and Jacques J. Morcos
13 
Cranial Nerve Repair and Rehabilitation�������������������������������������� 169
Scott Hirsch and Adam Terella

xiii
xiv Contents

Part II Anterior Cranial Fossa

14 Anterior
 Fossa Pathology: Open Surgical Approaches���������������� 197
Ian F. Dunn, Xiaochun Zhao, Panayiotis E. Pelargos, and Ali
H. Palejwala
15 Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches������������������������������������������������ 215
Michael B. Avery, Garni Barkhoudarian, Chester Griffiths,
and Daniel F. Kelly
16 Anterior
 Fossa: Eyebrow Keyhole Approach�������������������������������� 229
Sascha Marx and Henry W. S. Schroeder
17 Meningioma�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 237
Timothy H. Ung, Rafael Martinez-Perez,
and A. Samy Youssef
18 Craniopharyngioma������������������������������������������������������������������������ 251
Michael Karsy and James J. Evans
19 Pituitary Adenoma �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 271
Ben A. Strickland and Gabriel Zada
20 Sinonasal Cancer������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 289
Conner J. Massey, Daniel M. Beswick, and Anne E. Getz

Part III Orbit

21 Orbital Tumors�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 303


Torstein R. Meling

Part IV Middle Cranial Fossa: Cavernous Sinus

22 The
 Cavernous Sinus: Surgical Approaches—Endoscopic and
Open�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 331
Mohamed Labib and A. Samy Youssef
23 Cavernous Sinus Meningioma�������������������������������������������������������� 347
William T. Couldwell and Amol Raheja
24 Pituitary Adenoma �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 365
Ben G. McGahan, Giuliano Silveira-Bertazzo, Thaïs Cristina
Rejane-Heim, Douglas A. Hardesty, Ricardo L. Carrau,
and Daniel M. Prevedello
25 Schwannoma������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 377
Shahed Elhamdani, Vijay A. Patel, and Paul A. Gardner
26 Chordomas
 and Chondrosarcomas Involving
the Cavernous Sinus������������������������������������������������������������������������ 391
Arianna Fava, Paolo di Russo, Thibault Passeri, Lorenzo
Giammattei, Rosaria Abbritti, Fumihiro Matano,
and Sébastien Froelich
Contents xv

Part V Middle Cranial Fossa: Meckel’s Cave

27 
Open Surgical Approaches to Meckel’s Cave�������������������������������� 407
Akal Sethi and A. Samy Youssef
28 
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to Meckel’s Cave �������������������� 415
Carl H. Snyderman and Paul A. Gardner
29 Trigeminal Schwannoma���������������������������������������������������������������� 421
Wei Huff, Benjamin K. Hendricks, and Aaron A.
Cohen-Gadol

Part VI Intracanalicular Vestibular Schwannoma

30 
Middle Fossa Approach for Hearing Preservation����������������������� 437
Nathan D. Cass and Samuel P. Gubbels

Part VII Retrosellar Region

31 
Expanded Middle Fossa Approach: The Extradural Anterior
Petrosectomy������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 453
Lucas Troude, Guillaume Baucher, and Pierre-Hugues Roche
32 The Pretemporal Transcavernous Approach�������������������������������� 465
Vamsi P. Reddy, Arnau Benet, Mohamed Labib,
and A. Samy Youssef
33 Endoscopic Endonasal Transcavernous Approach ���������������������� 475
Stephen T. Magill, Daniel M. Prevedello,
and Ricardo L. Carrau

Part VIII Posterior Fossa

34 
Open Surgical Approaches to the Posterior Fossa������������������������ 487
Angela M. Richardson, Burak Ozaydin, and Mustafa K.
Baskaya
35 Endoscopic Endonasal Transpterygoid
Approaches to the Posterior Fossa ������������������������������������������������ 501
Christina Jackson and Paul A. Gardner
36 
Keyhole Approaches to the Posterior Fossa���������������������������������� 513
Zach Folzenlogen, Alexander Yang, and A. Samy Youssef
37 Petroclival Meningiomas ���������������������������������������������������������������� 523
Steve S. Cho, Mohamed Labib, and A. Samy Youssef
38 Vestibular Schwannomas���������������������������������������������������������������� 551
Kunal Vakharia, Brian Neff, Matthew Carlson, Colin Driscoll,
and Michael J. Link
xvi Contents

39 Cerebellopontine Angle Epidermoid Tumors�������������������������������� 569


Ehab El Refaee and Henry W. S. Schroeder
40 Chordomas
 and Chondrosarcomas of the Posterior Fossa���������� 581
Thibault Passeri, Lorenzo Giammattei, Paolo di Russo, Stefan
Lieber, Arianna Fava, Rosaria Abbritti, Anne Laure Bernat,
and Sébastien Froelich
41 Pineal Tumors���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 603
Rafael Martinez-Perez, Angela Downes, and A. Samy Youssef
42 Brainstem Cavernous Malformations�������������������������������������������� 621
Visish M. Srinivasan, Joshua S. Catapano, Vamsi P. Reddy,
and Michael T. Lawton
43 Cranial
 Nerve Hyperfunction Syndromes With and Without
Vascular Compression and Tumor ������������������������������������������������ 635
Robert S. Heller, Siviero Agazzi, and Harry R. Van Loveren

Part IX Jugular Foramen Region

44 Open
 Surgical Approaches to the Jugular Foramen�������������������� 649
Angela M. Richardson, Burak Ozaydin, and Mustafa K.
Baskaya
45 Endoscopic
 Endonasal Approaches to the Jugular Foramen������ 659
Daniel Kreatsoulas, Takuma Hara, Ricardo L. Carrau,
Douglas A. Hardesty, and Daniel M. Prevedello
46 Jugular Foramen Meningiomas������������������������������������������������������ 677
Kunal Vakharia and Jamie J. Van Gompel
47 Jugular Foramen Schwannomas���������������������������������������������������� 689
Kunal Vakharia, Luciano Cesar, Maria Peris-Celda, and
Michael J. Link
48 Paraganglioma���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 701
Stephen P. Cass and Olivia A. Kalmanson
49 Chondrosarcoma������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 717
Rafael Martinez-Perez and A. Samy Youssef

Part X Infratemporal Fossa

50 Open
 Approaches “Preauricular Transcranial Infratemporal Fossa
Approaches for Radical Resection of Tumors in or Around
Infratemporal Fossa”���������������������������������������������������������������������� 731
Yoichi Nonaka and Takanori Fukushima
51 Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches
to the Infratemporal Fossa�������������������������������������������������������������� 747
Carl H. Snyderman and Paul A. Gardner
Contents xvii

52 Surgery of Paraganglioma�������������������������������������������������������������� 755


Yoichi Nonaka and Takanori Fukushima
53 Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma���������������������������������������� 771
Sarah A. Gitomer and Vijay R. Ramakrishnan
54 Schwannoma������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 781
Rafael Martinez-Perez, Daniel M. Prevedello, and A. Samy
Youssef

Part XI Petrous Bone

55 
Cholesterol Granulomas and Endolymphatic Sac Tumors���������� 795
Rafael Martinez-Perez, Samuel P. Gubbels, and A. Samy
Youssef
Index���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 807
Contributors

Rosaria Abbritti Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital,


Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
Siviero Agazzi Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of
South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
Michael B. Avery Pacific Brain Tumor Center, Pacific Neuroscience
Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
Saint John’s Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa
Monica, CA, USA
Garni Barkhoudarian Pacific Brain Tumor Center, Pacific Neuroscience
Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
Saint John’s Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa
Monica, CA, USA
Mustafa K. Baskaya Department of Neurosurgery, University of
Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
Jaafar Basma Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health
Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
Guillaume Baucher Department of Neurosurgery, North University
Hospital, APHM-AMU, Marseille, France
Arnau Benet Department of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological
Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Anne Laure Bernat Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital,
Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
Daniel M. Beswick Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck
Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Matthew Carlson Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, USA
Ricardo L. Carrau Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,
Center for Cranial Base Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center,
Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA

xix
xx Contributors

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Cranial


Base Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus,
OH, USA
Nathan D. Cass Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
Stephen P. Cass Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado
School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
Joshua S. Catapano Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological
Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Luciano Cesar Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,
USA
Steve S. Cho Department of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological
Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
William T. Couldwell Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences
Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Paolo di Russo Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital,
Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
Angela Downes Department of Neurological Surgery, University of
Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
Colin Driscoll Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN, USA
Ian F. Dunn Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
Turki Elarjani University of Miami, Department of Neurological Surgery,
Miami, FL, USA
Shahed Elhamdani Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health
Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Ehab El Refaee Department of Neurosurgery, Cairo University, Cairo,
Egypt
Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald,
Germany
James J. Evans Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University
Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Arianna Fava Laboratory of Experimental and Skull Base Neurosurgery,
Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, University of Paris,
Paris, France
Contributors xxi

Zach Folzenlogen Department of Neurological Surgery, University of


Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
Sébastien Froelich Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital,
Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
Takanori Fukushima Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, NC, USA
Paul A. Gardner Departments of Neurological Surgery and Otolaryngology,
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Anne E. Getz Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery,
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
Lorenzo Giammattei Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital,
Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
Sarah A. Gitomer Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck
Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
Chester Griffiths Saint John’s Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John’s
Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Family Practice, Geffen School of
Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
Samuel P. Gubbels Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado
School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
Takuma Hara Departments of Neurological Surgery and Otolaryngology-­
Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center,
Columbus, OH, USA
Douglas A. Hardesty Departments of Neurological Surgery and
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical
Center, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
Robert S. Heller Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University
of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
Benjamin K. Hendricks Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological
Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Scott Hirsch Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery,
University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
Wei Huff Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School
of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Christina Jackson Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
PA, USA
Olivia A. Kalmanson Department of Otolaryngology, University of
Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
xxii Contributors

Michael Karsy Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University


Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Daniel F. Kelly Pacific Brain Tumor Center, Pacific Neuroscience Institute,
Santa Monica, CA, USA
Saint John’s Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa
Monica, CA, USA
Nickalus Khan University of Miami, Department of Neurological Surgery,
Miami, FL, USA
Daniel Kreatsoulas Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State
University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
Mohamed Labib Department of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological
Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine,
Aurora, CO, USA
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine,
Aurora, CO, USA
Michael T. Lawton Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological
Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Stefan Lieber Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital,
Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
Michael J. Link Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN, USA
Stephen T. Magill Department of Neurological Surgery, Center for Cranial
Base Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus,
OH, USA
Rafael Martinez-Perez Department of Neurological Surgery, University of
Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
Sascha Marx Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald,
Greifswald, Germany
Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Boston, MA, USA
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Conner J. Massey Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery,
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
Fumihiro Matano Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital,
Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
Tiit Mathiesen Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of
Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm,
Sweden

You might also like