CHAPTER 2--ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

Acids: Substances which turn blue litmus solution red are called acids. Acids are sour in taste
Bases: Substances which change red litmus solution blue are called bases. They are bitter in taste.
Mineral Acids: Acids which are obtained from minerals likesulphates, nitrates, chlorides etc. are
called mineral acids, e.g., H2SO4(Sulphuric acid), HNO3(Nitric acid) and HCl(Hydrochloric acid).
Organic Acids: Acids which are obtained from plants and animals are called organic acids.e.g.
citric acid, ascorbic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, aceticacid.
Hydronium Ions(H3O+): They are formed by reaction of H+ (from acid) and H2O. It is because H+
is unstable.
Strong Acids: Acids which dissociate into ions completely are called strong acids. E.g. H2SO4,
HCl
Weak Acids: Acids which do not dissociate into ions completely are called weak acids E.g. Citric
acid, acetic acid.
Chemical properties of acids
(i) Acids react with active metals to give salt and hydrogen gas.
(ii) Acids react with metal carbonate and metals hydrogen carbonate to give salt, water and carbon
dioxide.
(iii) Acids react with bases to give salt and water. This reaction is called neutralization reaction.
iv)Acids react with metals oxides to give salt and water.
Chemical properties of Bases
(i) Reaction with Metals – Certain metals such as Zinc, Aluminumand Tin react
with alkali solutions on heating and hydrogen gas is evolved
(ii) Reaction with acids – Bases react with acids to form salt and water
Indicators - Indicators are substances which indicate the acidic or basic nature of the solution by
their colour change.
Universal Indicator: A universal indicator is a mixture of indicators which shows a gradual but
well-marked series of colour changes over a very wide range of change in concentration of H+ ion.
pH scale: A scale for measuring hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.
The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration in moles
per litre.
pH =-log [H+]
pH =-log [H3O+]
where [H+] or [H3O+] represents concentrations of hydrogen ions in solution.
The pH of a neutral solution is 7
The pH of an acidic solution is < 7
The pH of a basic solution is > 7
 Some Important Compounds and their uses
Common Chemical name/ Preparation Uses
Name Chemical
formula
Washing soda Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 + 10H2O  Manufacture of
Decahydrate Na2CO3.10H2O borax, caustic
Na2CO3.10H2O soda, softening
of hard water
Baking soda Sodium hydrogen NaCl+NH3+CO2+H2O Used as antacid,
carbonate NaHCO3 +NH4Cl ingredient of
NaHCO3 baking powder
Bleaching Calcium oxychloride By the action of chlorine on dry Bleaching clothes, used
powder CaOCl2 slaked lime as oxidizing agent,
Ca(OH)2+Cl2CaOCl2+H2O disinfecting water,
manufacture of
chloroform
Plaster of Calcium sulphate CaSO4.2H2O373K (Heat) Plastering fractured
Paris hemihydrate CaSO4.1/2 H2O +1.1/2H2O bones, making toys,
CaSO4 .1/2H2O Decorative materials,
statues
EQUATIONS OF ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
Acid + Metal Salt + Hydrogen gas
H2SO4+Zn ZnSO4+H2
Base+ Metal Salt + Hydrogen gas
2NaOH + Zn Na2ZnO2 + H2
(Sodium zincate)
Base + Acid Salt + Water
NaOH (aq) +HCl (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
Acids give hydronium ions in water
HCl+H2O H3O++ Cl-
Bases generate OH- ions in water
NaOH(s) +H2O Na+(aq)+OH-(aq)
Reactions of Important Chemical Compounds
On heating, baking soda liberates CO2
Heat
2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
Plaster of Paris
On mixing plaster of Paris with water, gypsum is obtained
CaSO4.1/2H2O +1 ½ H2O CaSO4 .2H2O
MIND MAP
 Base Ac i
s ds
Acid Bases and
Salts

a tor s
Ind i c
pH Value

Salts
Acids Bases and Salts Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 10 Science
October 1, 2019 by Bhagya

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Numerical Questions and previous year questions from Acids Bases and Salts.

Acids Bases and Salts Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 10 Science
Short Answer Type Questions[l] [2 Marks] – Year 2015
1.Name the acid present in the following:
(i) Tomato (ii) Vinegar (iii) Tamarind
Answer. (i) Oxalic acid (ii) Acetic acid (iii) Tartaric acid

2.15 mL of water and 10 mL of sulphuric acid are to be mixed in a beaker

(i) State the method that should be followed with reason.
(ii)What is this process called?
Answer.
(i) The acid is to be added slowly in water to prevent the mixture to be splashed. The
reaction is highly exothermic, therefore, constant cooling should be done.
(ii)The process is called dilution.

3. Explain how antacid works.

Answer. Hyperacidity is caused by excess of hydrochloric acid in stomach. Antacid is basic in
nature. It neutralizes excess of acid and gives relief from pain caused by hyperacidity.

4.(a) Define olfactory indicators. Name two subtances which can be used as olfactory indicator.
(b) Choose strong acids from the following:
CH3COOH, H2SO4, H2CO3, HNO3
Answer.
(a) Those substances whose smell (odour) changes in acidic or basic solution are called olfactory
indicators, e.g. onion and vanilla.
(b) H2SO4 and HNO3 are strong acids.

5.A white coloured powder is used by doctors for supporting fractured bones.
(a) Write chemical name and formula of the powder.
(b) When this white powder is mixed with water a hard solid mass is obtained. Write balanced
chemical equation for the change.
Answer.

6.Explain the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on the following with chemical equation:
(i) Magnesium ribbon (ii) Sodium hydroxide (iii) Crushed egg shells
Answer.

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks] –Year 2015

7.State reason for the following statements:
(i) Tap water conducts electricity whereas distilled water does not.
(ii) Dry hydrogen chloride gas does not turn blue litmus red whereas dilute hydrochloric acid
does.
(iii) During summer season, a milk man usually adds a very small amount of baking soda to
fresh milk.
(iv) For a dilution of acid, acid is added into water and not water into acid.
(v) Ammonia is a base but does not contain hydroxyl group.
Answer.
(i) Tap water contains ions which conduct electricity, distilled water does not contain ions.
(ii)Dry HCl does not form ions but HCl gives H+ and Cl–.
(iii) Baking soda does not allow milk to change to lactic acid which makes milk sour.
(iv) Adding water to acid is highly exothermic. Therefore water is added to acid very slowly
with cooling.
(v) Ammonia dissolves in water and forms H– Therefore, it is basic in nature.

8.(a) Write the chemical formula of hydrated copper sulphate and anhydrous copper sulphate.
Giving an activity illustrate how these are inter convertible.
(b) Write chemical names and formula of plaster of paris and gypsum.
Answer.
(a)CuSO4.5H2O is hydrated copper sulphate. CuSO4 is anhydrous copper sulphate.
Aim: To show crystalline salts contain water of crystallization.
Material Required: CuSO4.5H2O (Blue vitriol), boiling tube, burner, cork,
delivery tube, test tube, clamp stand.
Procedure: 1.Take 2g of CuSO4.5H2O in a boiling tube fitted in a clamp stand.
2.Observe its colour. Fit it with cork and delivery tube bent at two right angles which dips into a test tube.
3.Heat crystals in boiling tube.
4.Observe vapours being condensed in test tube.
5.Cool the crystals and add few drops of water into it.
Observation:Water vapours get condensed in a test tube and colour
of blue crystals changes into white. On adding water to anhydrous copper sulphate it changes into blue again.
Chemical Reaction :

Conclusion : Crystalline substances have water of crystallization which are lost on heating. When we add water inCuSO4till a saturated
solution is formed. On cooling, it gets converted into CuSO4.5H2Ocrystals and it shows that both are inter convertible.

9.(a) State the chemical properties on which the following uses of baking soda are based:
(i) as an antacid
(ii) as a soda acid fire extiguisher
(iii) to make bread and cake soft and spongy.
Answer.
(b) How is washing soda is obtained from baking soda? Write balanced chemical equation.
(a) (i) It is weakly basic in nature and naturalize hyperacidity.
(ii)It liberates CO2 with H2SO4, which extinguish fire.
(iii) It liberates CO2 on heating which makes bread and cake soft and sponge.

11.A student detected the pH of four unknown solution A, B, C and D as follows 11, 5, 7 and 2.
Predict the nature of the solution.
Answer.A is basic ‘B’ is acidic ‘C’ is natural and ‘D’ is strongly acidic.
12.(i) Give the constituents of baking powder
(ii) Why cake or bread swells on adding baking powder? Write chemical equation.
Answer.
(i) Baking powder containg sodium hydrogen carbonate and tartaric acid.
(ii)It is due to carbon dioxide

13.Equal length of magnesium ribben are taken in two test tubes ‘A’ and ‘B\ H 2SO4 is added to test tube ‘A’ and H2CO3 in the test tube
‘B’ in equal amounts:
(a) Identify the test tube showing vigorous reaction.
(b) Give reason to support your answer.
(c) Name the gas liberated in both the tubes. How will you prove its liberation?
(d) Write chemical equations for both reactions.
(e) Out of the two acids taken above
(i) which one will have lower pH value.
(ii) lowerH+ concentration respectively.
Answer.
(a) A will show vigorous reaction.
(b) It is because H2SO4 is strong acid.
(c) Hydrogen gas will be formed. Bring a burning splinter near the gas. It will burn with ‘pop’ sound. It shows gas liberated is hydrogen.

14. How will you test for the gas which is liberated when hydrochloric acid reacts with an active
metal?
Answer. Bring a burning matchstick near the gas. It burns with ‘pop’ sound showing that it is
hydrogen.
15.(a) Write the name given to bases that are highly soluble in water. Give an example.
(b) How is tooth decay related to pH? How can it be prevented?
(c) Why does bee sting cause pain and irritation? Rubbing of baking soda on the sting area gives relief. How?
Answer.(a) Alkali, e.g. NaOH (Sodium hydroxide).
(b) Lower the pH, more will be tooth decay. Acid reacts with Ca3(PO4)2 and cause tooth decay.
It can be prevented by brushing teeth after every meal.
(ic) It is due to formic acid. Sodium hydrogencarbonate (Baking soda) neutralises formic acid giving relief.

16. A white powder is added while baking breads and cakes to make them soft and fluffy. Write the name of the powder.
Name its main ingredients. Explain the function of each ingredient. Write the chemical reaction taking place when the
powder is heated during baking.
Answer. Baking powder.
It consist of sodium hyrogencarbonate and tartaric acid.
Sodium hydrogencarbonate gives CO2 which makes cake soft and fluffy. Tartaric acid neutralizes the bitterness due to sodium
carbonate produced.

17 “Sodium hydrogencarbonate is a basic salt”. Justify the statement. How is it converted into
washing soda? Explain.
Answer.Sodium hydrogencarbonate is a salt of sodium hydroxide (strong base) and carbonic
acid (weak acid).
It is basic salt. It is converted into washing soda by heating followed by crystallization.
18.Describe an activity with diagram to illustrate that the reaction of metal carbonates and metal
bicarbonates with acids produces carbon dioxide. Write the relevant equations of all the
reactions that take place. Name any two forms in which calcium carbonate is found in nature.
Answer.
Aim: To show acid reacts with metal carbonate to liberate carbon dioxide,
Material Required: CaCO3(marble chips), Woulfe-bottle, thistle funnel, dil. HCl, gas jar,
matchbox, delivery tube bent at two right angles, lime water.
Procedure:
1.Take marble chips in a Woulfe-bottle.
2.Set the apparatus as shown in diagram.

3.Add dil. HCl with the help of thistle funnel.

4.Collect the gas in gas jar by upward displacement of air.
5.Bring a burning matchstick near the gas jar and record your observations.
6.Pass the gas evolved through lime water and note down your observations. Observations: The burning matchstick will get extinguished
because carbon dioxide is neither combustible nor supporter of combustion. Lime water will turn milky due to formation of insoluble calcium
carbonate. It can be used as test for CO2 .The chemical reactions taking place are as follows:
Conclusion: Metal carbonates react with dilute acids to liberate carbon dioxide. Limestone,
chalk, marble are different forms of calcium carbonate. All metal carbonates and hydrogen
carbonates react with acids to form corresponding salts, water and carbon dioxide.

19.(a) Identify the acid and the base whose combination forms the common salt that you use in
your food. Write its formula and chemical name of this salt. Name the source from where it is
obtained.
(b) What is rock salt? Mention its colour and the reason due to which it has this colour.
(c) What happens when electricity is passed through brine? Write the chemical equation for it.
Answer.
(a) HCl is acid and NaOH is base whose combination forms the common salt. Its formula is NaCl (Sodium chloride). It is obtained from sea
water.
(b) Rock salt is the common name for the mineral “halite”. Its chemical formula is NaCl.
It may be white or light blue or yellow depending upon impurities present in it.

20.(i) Explain why is hydrochloric acid a strong acid and acetic acid, a weak acid. How can it be
verified?
(ii) Explain why aqueous solution of an acid conducts electricity.
(iii) You have four solutions A, B, C and D. The pH of solution A is 6, B is 9, C is 12 and D is
7,
(a) Identify the most acidic and most basic solutions.
(b) Arrange the above four solutions in the increasing order of H+ ion concentration.
(c) State the change in colour of pH paper on dipping in solution C and D.
Answer.
(i) HCl is completely ionised in aqueous solution whereas acetic acid is partially ionised in
aqueous solution. HCl gives dark red colour with pH paper whereasCH3COOH gives orange
colour
(ii) It is because acid ionises in aqueous solution and these ions conduct electricity. (Hi) (a) ‘A’
is most acidic and ‘C’ is most basic.
(b) C (10-12) < B (10-9) < D (10-7) < A (10-6)
(c) pH paper will become blue in ‘C’ and green in ‘D’.
21.(i) Dry pellets of a base ‘X’ when kept in bpen absorbs moisture and turns sticky. The compound is also formed by chlor-alkali
process. Write chemical name and formula of X. Describe chlor-alkali process with balanced chemical equation. Name the type of
reaction occurs when X is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid. Write the chemical equation. (ii) While diluting an acid, why is it
recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid?
Answer.
(i) X is sodium hydroxide, NaOH.
When sodium chloride solution (brine solution) is electrolysed, sodium hydroxide solution is formed. H2 and Cl2 gases are liberated. This is
chlor-alkali process.

The above reaction is neutralization reaction.

(ii)It is because process is highly exothermic. If water is added to acid, bottle of acid will break.
22. A student dropped few pieces of marble in dilute hydrochloric acid, contained in a test-tube. The evolved gas was then passed
through lime water. What change would be observed in lime water? What will happen if excess of gas is passed through lime water?
With the help of balanced chemical equations for all the changes explain the observations.
Answer.

23. (a) Identify the compound of calcium which is yellowish white powder and is used for disinfecting drinking water. Write its
chemical name and formula. How is it manufactured? Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved. Also list two other uses
of the compound.
(b) Write the balanced chemical equation qf chlor-alkali process.
Answer. (a) The compound is bleaching powder (CaOCl2). Its chemical name is calcium oxychloride. It is manufactured by reaction of solid
slaked lime with dry chlorine gas.
24. (a) Mention the pH range within which our body works. Explain how antacids
give relief from acidity. Write the name of one such antacid.
(b) Fresh milk has a pH of 6. How does the pH will change as it turns to curd? Explain your
answer.
(c) A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk. Why does this milk take a
longer time to set as curd?
(d) Mention the nature of toothpastes. How do they prevent tooth decay?
Answer.
(a) Our stomach has pH equal to 2. Antacids neutralizes excess of acid in our body and gives
relief from hyperacidity. Sodium hydrogencarbonate is one of such antacid.
(b) pH will decrease as it turns to curd because curd is acidic due to the presence of lactic acid.
(c) It takes longer time to set as curd as bacteria do not work well in presence of sodium
hydrogencarbonate, i.e. fermentation will take place slowly.
(d) Toothpastes are basic in nature. They neutralize the acid formed in mouth which causes tooth
decay.
Acids Bases and Salts Chapter Wise Important Questions
Class 10 Science
October 1, 2019 by Bhagya

Acids Bases and Salts important question for Class 10 Science PDF will help you in scoring more marks.. This consists of 1 mark
Questions, 3 Mark Numericals Questions, 5 Marks Numerical Questions and previous year questions from Acids Bases and Salts.

Acids Bases and Salts Chapter Wise Important Questions Class

10 Science
Short Answer Type Questions[l] [2 Marks] – Year 2015
1.Name the acid present in the following:
(i) Tomato (ii) Vinegar (iii) Tamarind
Answer. (i) Oxalic acid (ii) Acetic acid (iii) Tartaric acid

2.15 mL of water and 10 mL of sulphuric acid are to be mixed in a beaker

(i) State the method that should be followed with reason.
(ii)What is this process called?
Answer.
(i) The acid is to be added slowly in water to prevent the mixture to be splashed. The
reaction is highly exothermic, therefore, constant cooling should be done.
(ii)The process is called dilution.
3. Explain how antacid works.
Answer. Hyperacidity is caused by excess of hydrochloric acid in stomach. Antacid is basic in nature. It neutralizes excess of acid
and gives relief from pain caused by hyperacidity.

CBSE Class 10 Science – More Resources

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science

CBSE Class 10 Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Science Important Questions

Short Answer Type Questions[ll] [3 Marks] –Year 2015

4.(a) Define olfactory indicators. Name two subtances which can be used as olfactory indicator.
(b) Choose strong acids from the following:
CH3COOH, H2SO4, H2CO3, HNO3
Answer.
(a) Those substances whose smell (odour) changes in acidic or basic solution are called olfactory indicators, e.g. onion and vanilla.
(b) H2SO4 and HNO3 are strong acids.

5.A white coloured powder is used by doctors for supporting fractured bones.
(a) Write chemical name and formula of the powder.
(b) When this white powder is mixed with water a hard solid mass is obtained. Write balanced chemical equation for the
change.
Answer.

6.Explain the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on the following with chemical equation:
(i) Magnesium ribbon (ii) Sodium hydroxide (iii) Crushed egg shells
Answer.

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks] –Year 2015

7.State reason for the following statements:
(i) Tap water conducts electricity whereas distilled water does not.
(ii) Dry hydrogen chloride gas does not turn blue litmus red whereas dilute hydrochloric acid does.
(iii) During summer season, a milk man usually adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.
(iv) For a dilution of acid, acid is added into water and not water into acid.
(v) Ammonia is a base but does not contain hydroxyl group.
Answer.
(i) Tap water contains ions which conduct electricity, distilled water does not contain ions.
(ii)Dry HCl does not form ions but HCl gives H+ and Cl–.
(iii) Baking soda does not allow milk to change to lactic acid which makes milk sour.
(iv) Adding water to acid is highly exothermic. Therefore water is added to acid very slowly with cooling.
(v) Ammonia dissolves in water and forms H– Therefore, it is basic in nature.

8.(a) Write the chemical formula of hydrated copper sulphate and anhydrous copper sulphate. Giving an activity illustrate
how these are inter convertible.
(b) Write chemical names and formula of plaster of paris and gypsum.
Answer.
(a)CuSO4.5H2O is hydrated copper sulphate. CuSO4 is anhydrous copper sulphate.
Aim: To show crystalline salts contain water of crystallization.
Material Required: CuSO4.5H2O (Blue vitriol), boiling tube, burner, cork,
delivery tube, test tube, clamp stand.
Procedure: 1.Take 2g of CuSO4.5H2O in a boiling tube fitted in a clamp stand.
2.Observe its colour. Fit it with cork and delivery tube bent at two right angles which dips into a test tube.
3.Heat crystals in boiling tube.
4.Observe vapours being condensed in test tube.
5.Cool the crystals and add few drops of water into it.
Observation:Water vapours get condensed in a test tube and colour
of blue crystals changes into white. On adding water to anhydrous copper sulphate it changes into blue again.
Chemical Reaction :

Conclusion : Crystalline substances have water of crystallization which are lost on heating. When we add water inCuSO4till a
saturated solution is formed. On cooling, it gets converted into CuSO4.5H2Ocrystals and it shows that both are inter convertible.
9.(a) State the chemical properties on which the following uses of baking soda are based:
(i) as an antacid
(ii) as a soda acid fire extiguisher
(iii) to make bread and cake soft and spongy.
Answer.
(b) How is washing soda is obtained from baking soda? Write balanced chemical equation.
(a) (i) It is weakly basic in nature and naturalize hyperacidity.
(ii)It liberates CO2 with H2SO4, which extinguish fire.
(iii) It liberates CO2 on heating which makes bread and cake soft and sponge.

Short Answer Type Question[l] [2 Marks] – Year 2014

10.Name the natural source of each of the following acid
(i) Citric acid. (ii)Oxalic acid.
(iii)Lactic acid. (iv)Tartaric acid.
Answer.
(i) Lemon and orange.(ii)Tomatoes and Guava.
(iii)Sour milk (curd).(iv)Tamarind.

Short Answer Type Question[l] [2 Marks] – Year 2013

11.A student detected the pH of four unknown solution A, B, C and D as follows 11, 5, 7 and 2. Predict the nature of the
solution.
Answer.A is basic ‘B’ is acidic ‘C’ is natural and ‘D’ is strongly acidic.
 Short Answer Type Question[ll] [3 Marks] – Year 2013
12.(i) Give the constituents of baking powder
(ii) Why cake or bread swells on adding baking powder? Write chemical equation.
Answer.
(i) Baking powder containg sodium hydrogen carbonate and tartaric acid.
(ii)It is due to carbon dioxide

Long Answer Type Question [5 Marks] – Year 2013

13.Equal length of magnesium ribben are taken in two test tubes ‘A’ and ‘B\ H 2SO4 is added to test tube ‘A’ and H2CO3 in
the test tube ‘B’ in equal amounts:
(a) Identify the test tube showing vigorous reaction.
(b) Give reason to support your answer.
(c) Name the gas liberated in both the tubes. How will you prove its liberation?
(d) Write chemical equations for both reactions.
(e) Out of the two acids taken above
(i) which one will have lower pH value.
(ii) lowerH+ concentration respectively.
Answer.
(a) A will show vigorous reaction.
(b) It is because H2SO4 is strong acid.
(c) Hydrogen gas will be formed. Bring a burning splinter near the gas. It will burn with ‘pop’ sound. It shows gas liberated is
hydrogen.

Very Short Answer Type Question [1 Mark] – Year 2012

14. How will you test for the gas which is liberated when hydrochloric acid reacts with an active metal?
Answer. Bring a burning matchstick near the gas. It burns with ‘pop’ sound showing that it is hydrogen.

Short Answer Type Questions[ll] [3 Marks] – Year 2012

15.(a) Write the name given to bases that are highly soluble in water. Give an example.
(b) How is tooth decay related to pH? How can it be prevented?
(c) Why does bee sting cause pain and irritation? Rubbing of baking soda on the sting area gives relief. How?
Answer.(a) Alkali, e.g. NaOH (Sodium hydroxide).
(b) Lower the pH, more will be tooth decay. Acid reacts with Ca3(PO4)2 and cause tooth decay.
It can be prevented by brushing teeth after every meal.
(ic) It is due to formic acid. Sodium hydrogencarbonate (Baking soda) neutralises formic acid giving relief.

16. A white powder is added while baking breads and cakes to make them soft and fluffy. Write the name of the powder.
Name its main ingredients. Explain the function of each ingredient. Write the chemical reaction taking place when the
powder is heated during baking.
Answer. Baking powder.
It consist of sodium hyrogencarbonate and tartaric acid.
Sodium hydrogencarbonate gives CO2 which makes cake soft and fluffy. Tartaric acid neutralizes the bitterness due to sodium
carbonate produced.

17 “Sodium hydrogencarbonate is a basic salt”. Justify the statement. How is it converted into washing soda? Explain.
Answer.Sodium hydrogencarbonate is a salt of sodium hydroxide (strong base) and carbonic acid (weak acid).
It is basic salt. It is converted into washing soda by heating followed by crystallization.

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks] – Year 2012

18.Describe an activity with diagram to illustrate that the reaction of metal carbonates and metal bicarbonates with acids
produces carbon dioxide. Write the relevant equations of all the reactions that take place. Name any two forms in which
calcium carbonate is found in nature.
Answer.
Aim: To show acid reacts with metal carbonate to liberate carbon dioxide,
Material Required: CaCO3(marble chips), Woulfe-bottle, thistle funnel, dil. HCl, gas jar, matchbox, delivery tube bent at two right
angles, lime water.
Procedure:
1.Take marble chips in a Woulfe-bottle.
2.Set the apparatus as shown in diagram.
3.Add dil. HCl with the help of thistle funnel.
4.Collect the gas in gas jar by upward displacement of air.
5.Bring a burning matchstick near the gas jar and record your observations.
6.Pass the gas evolved through lime water and note down your observations. Observations: The burning matchstick will get
extinguished because carbon dioxide is neither combustible nor supporter of combustion. Lime water will turn milky due to
formation of insoluble calcium carbonate. It can be used as test for CO2 .The chemical reactions taking place are as follows:

Conclusion: Metal carbonates react with dilute acids to liberate carbon dioxide. Limestone, chalk, marble are different forms of
calcium carbonate. All metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates react with acids to form corresponding salts, water and carbon
dioxide.
19.(a) Identify the acid and the base whose combination forms the common salt that you use in your food. Write its
formula and chemical name of this salt. Name the source from where it is obtained.
(b) What is rock salt? Mention its colour and the reason due to which it has this colour.
(c) What happens when electricity is passed through brine? Write the chemical equation for it.
Answer.
(a) HCl is acid and NaOH is base whose combination forms the common salt. Its formula is NaCl (Sodium chloride). It is obtained
from sea water.
(b) Rock salt is the common name for the mineral “halite”. Its chemical formula is NaCl.
It may be white or light blue or yellow depending upon impurities present in it.

20.(i) Explain why is hydrochloric acid a strong acid and acetic acid, a weak acid. How can it be verified?
(ii) Explain why aqueous solution of an acid conducts electricity.
(iii) You have four solutions A, B, C and D. The pH of solution A is 6, B is 9, C is 12 and D is 7,
(a) Identify the most acidic and most basic solutions.
(b) Arrange the above four solutions in the increasing order of H + ion concentration.
(c) State the change in colour of pH paper on dipping in solution C and D.
Answer.
(i) HCl is completely ionised in aqueous solution whereas acetic acid is partially ionised in aqueous solution. HCl gives dark red
colour with pH paper whereasCH3COOH gives orange colour
(ii) It is because acid ionises in aqueous solution and these ions conduct electricity. (Hi) (a) ‘A’ is most acidic and ‘C’ is most basic.
(b) C (10-12) < B (10-9) < D (10-7) < A (10-6)
(c) pH paper will become blue in ‘C’ and green in ‘D’.

21.(i) Dry pellets of a base ‘X’ when kept in bpen absorbs moisture and turns sticky. The compound is also formed by
chlor-alkali process. Write chemical name and formula of X. Describe chlor-alkali process with balanced chemical
equation. Name the type of reaction occurs when X is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid. Write the chemical equation.
(ii) While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid?
Answer.
(i) X is sodium hydroxide, NaOH.
When sodium chloride solution (brine solution) is electrolysed, sodium hydroxide solution is formed. H2 and Cl2 gases are
liberated. This is chlor-alkali process.

The above reaction is neutralization reaction.

(ii)It is because process is highly exothermic. If water is added to acid, bottle of acid will break.

22. A student dropped few pieces of marble in dilute hydrochloric acid, contained in a test-tube. The evolved gas was then
passed through lime water. What change would be observed in lime water? What will happen if excess of gas is passed
through lime water? With the help of balanced chemical equations for all the changes explain the observations.
Answer.

23. (a) Identify the compound of calcium which is yellowish white powder and is used for disinfecting drinking water.
Write its chemical name and formula. How is it manufactured? Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved. Also
list two other uses of the compound.
(b) Write the balanced chemical equation qf chlor-alkali process.
Answer. (a) The compound is bleaching powder (CaOCl2). Its chemical name is calcium oxychloride. It is manufactured by reaction
of solid slaked lime with dry chlorine gas.

24. (a) Mention the pH range within which our body works. Explain how antacids
give relief from acidity. Write the name of one such antacid.
(b) Fresh milk has a pH of 6. How does the pH will change as it turns to curd? Explain your answer.
(c) A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk. Why does this milk take a longer time to set as
curd?
(d) Mention the nature of toothpastes. How do they prevent tooth decay?
Answer.
(a) Our stomach has pH equal to 2. Antacids neutralizes excess of acid in our body and gives relief from hyperacidity. Sodium
hydrogencarbonate is one of such antacid.
(b) pH will decrease as it turns to curd because curd is acidic due to the presence of lactic acid.
(c) It takes longer time to set as curd as bacteria do not work well in presence of sodium hydrogencarbonate, i.e. fermentation will
take place slowly.
(d) Toothpastes are basic in nature. They neutralize the acid formed in mouth which causes tooth decay.

25. (a) Crystals of a substance changed their colour on heating in a closed test
tube but regained it after sometime when they were allowed to cool down. Name the substance and write its formula and
explain the phenomenon involved.
(b) Name the compound whose one formula unit is associated with 10 water molecules. How is it prepared? Give
equations of related reactions. Give two uses of the compound.
Answer.
(a) CuSO4.5H2O is a blue crystalline solid. It becomes dirty white on heating due to loss of water molecules and it becomes
amorphous.
It regains its colour by absorbing water from atmosphere and becomes blue in colour.

(b)Na2CO3. 10H2O. It is called sodium carbonate decahydrate or washing soda. It is prepared by passing CO 2 gas through saturated
solution of ammonical brine.

Uses:
(i) It is used in the production of washing powder.
(ii) It is used for the manufacture of glass.

26. (a) Explain the following chemical properties of acids with the help of balanced chemical equations only.
(i) When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate.
(ii)When an acid reacts with a metal bicarbonate.
(iii) When an acid reacts with a metal oxide.
(b) You are given three solutions A, B and C with pH values 2, 10 and 13 respectively. Write which solution has more
hydrogen ion concentration among the three and state the nature ‘acidic or basic’ of each solution.
Answer.

27.(a) A metal compound ‘X’ reacts with dil. H2SO4 to produce effervescence, The gas evolved extinguishes a burning candle. If one of
the compound formed is calcium sulphate, then what is ‘X’ and the gas evolved? Also, write a balanced chemical equation for the
reaction which occurred.
(b) (i) Name one antacid. How does it help tq relieve indigestion in stomach?
(ii) A farmer treats the soil with quicklime or calcium carbonate. What is the nature of soil? Why does the farmer treat the soil with
quicklime?
Answer.

(b) (i) NaHCOs is antacid. It neutralizes excess of acid formed in the stomach.
(ii) The soil is acidic in nature. The farmer wants to make it neutral by adding quicklime which is good for crops.

28. What are strong and weak acids? In the following list of acids, separate strong acids from
weak acids.
Hydrochloric acid, citric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, formic acid, sulphuric acid.
Answer. Strong acids are those acids which are completely ionised in aqueous solution. Weak
acids are those which do not ionise completely in aqueous solution. Strong acid: HCl,
HNO3,H2SO4 Weak acid: Citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid.
29. State the chemical name of Plaster of Paris. Write a chemical equation to show the reaction
between Plaster of Paris and water.
Answer. Calcium sulphate hemihydrate.

30.State in brief the preparation of washing soda from baking soda. Write balanced
chemical equation of the reaction involved.
Answer. Sodium hydrogencarbonate (baking soda) on heating gives sodium carbonate which on recrystallisation gives washing soda

31, What is the colour of FeSO4.7H2O crystals? How does this colour change upon heating? Give balanced chemical equation for the
changes.
Answer. Pale green is the colour of FeSO4.7H2O crystals. It becomes dirty white on heating.

32. Classify the following salts into acidic, basic and neutral: Potassium sulphate, ammonium chloride, sodium carbonate,
sodium chloride.
Answer. Neutral: Potassium sulphate, Sodium chloride Acidic: Ammonium chloride Basic: Sodium carbonate
33.A student dropped few pieces of marble in dilute HC1 contained in a test tube. The evolved gas was passed through
lime water.
(i) What change would be observed in lime water?
(ii) Write balanced chemical equation for the above change.
Answer.
(i) Lime water will turn milky due to formation of calcium carbonate.
(ii) Ca(OH) 2 (aq) + CO2 (g)—> Ca CO3 (s) + HaO(l)

34.(a) What is universal indicator?

(b) Write the chemical equation involved in the preparation of sodium hydroxide. Name the process.
Answer. (a) Universal indicator is the mixture of synthetic indicators which is used to find pH of solutions.

35.A gas ‘X’ reacts with lime water and forms a compound ‘Y’ which is used as a bleaching agent in chemical industry.
Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y\ Give the chemical equation of the reactions involved.
Answer. ‘X’ is chlorine; ‘Y’ is bleaching powder.

36.(i) Name the compound which is obtained from baking soda and is used to remove permanent hardness of water.
(ii) Write its chemical formula.
(iii) What happens when it is recrystallised from its aqueous solution?
Answer.
(i) Sodium carbonate is obtained from baking soda and is used to remove hardness of water.
(ii) Na2CO3 .
(iii) It changes to washing soda,Na2CO3. 10H2O .
37.What is a neutralisation reaction? Give two examples.
Answer.

38.What is tooth enamel chemically? State the condition when it starts corroding. What happens when food particles left
in the mouth after eating degrade? Why do doctors suggest use of tooth powder/toothpaste to prevent tooth decay?
Answer. It is made up of calcium phosphate.
It starts corroding due to acid formed in mouth. The food particles which are left in mouth form acids which cause tooth decay.
Toothpaste and tooth powder are basic and neutralise acid formed in mouth which prevents tooth decay.

39.What is Plaster of Paris chemically? How is it prepared? List its two important uses.
Answer. Calcium sulphate hemihydrate.
It is prepared by heating gypsum at 373 K.

(i) It is used to prepare chalks.

(ii) It is used to make casts and moulds.

40. What is baking soda chemically called? Give reaction involved in its preparation. Write one of its uses.
Answer. Sodium hydrogencarbonate.
It is used as an antacid.

41.(a) What is an alkali? Give an example.

(b) Why do HCl, HNO3, etc. show acidic characters in aqueous solutions while solutions of compounds like alcohol and
glucose do not show acidic character?
Answer.
(a) Soluble bases arp called alkalies, e.g. sodibm hydroxide is an alkali.
(b) HCl, HNO3ionise in aqueous solution, whereas alcohol and glucose do not show acidic characters because they do not ionise in
aqueous solution.

42.Compounds like alcohols and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as acids. Discuss an activity to
prove it.
Answer.Take a beaker of 250 ml and place two nails fixed with the help of cork.
• Connect the nails to the two terminals of a 6 volt battery as shown in figure.
• Now add some water containing ethanol and put the switch ON.
• Repeat the experiment with glucose solution.
Observation : K The bulb will not glow and the needle of ammeter will not show deflection because glucose and ethanol do not conduct
electricity.
Conclusion: The experiment shows glucose and ethanol do not ionise in aqueous solution, that is, they do not give H + ions, therefore cannot
conduct electricity. Thus, glucose and ethanol are not categorised as acids.

43.The pH of a sample of vegetable soup was found to be 6.5. How is this soup likely to taste?
Answer. The taste will be slightly sour as it is weakly acidic.

44.Which bases are called alkalies? Give an example of alkalies.

Answer. Soluble bases are called alkalies, e.g. sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

45.Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid indicating the
physical state of the reactants and the products.
Answer.

46.Write a balanced chemical equation for a neutralisation reaction, mentioning

the physical state of the reactants and the products.
Answer.

47.What happens when chlorine is passed over slaked lime at 313K? Write chemical equation of the reaction involved and state two
uses of the product obtained.
Answer. Bleaching powder is formed.
(i) It is used as bleaching agent in paper and textile industries.
(ii)It is used as disinfectant in purification of drinking water.

48.What would be the colour of red litmus in a solution of sodium carbonate?

Answer. The red litmus will change to blue in sodium carbonate solution.

49.Which gas is evolved when sodium hydrogencarbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid?
Answer.Carbon dioxide gas is evolved.

50.Curd is not kept in copper and brass utensils. Why?

Answer.Curd and sour substances contain acids which react with brass and copper vessels to form poisonous salts which are
harmful for our health.

51.Name the gas usually liberated when a dilute acid reacts with a metal. What happens when a burning candle is brought
near this gas?
Answer. H2 gas is liberated. It burns with pop sound when burning candle is brought near the gas.

52.What effect does an increase in concentration of H +(aq.) in a solution have on the pH of solution?
Answer.Higher the concentration, lower will be pH of the solution.

54.Which one of these has a higher concentration o

Answer.1 M HCl has higher concentration of H+ ions.

53.Why does 1 M HC1 solution have a higher concentration of H + ions than 1 M CH3COOH solution?
Answer.1 M HCl has higher cone, of (H+) because it ionises completely in aqueous solution whereas CH3COOHdoes not as it is
weak acid.
54.Which gas is generally liberated when a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid reacts with an active metal?
Answer.Hydrogen gas is liberated when active metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid

55.What is the colour of litmus in a solution of ammonium hydroxide?

Answer.Red litmus will turn blue in ammonium hydroxide.

56.What is meant by ‘water of crystallisation’ of a substance ?

Describe an activity to show that blue copper sulphate crystals contain water of crystallisation.
Answer.The water molecules associated with a crystalline substance is called ‘water of crystallisation’.
To show crystalline salts contain water of crystallisation.

Materials Required: CuS04.5H20 (Blue vitriol), boiling tube, burner, cork, delivery tube, test tube, clampstand.
Procedure:
1. Take 2g of CuS04.5H20 in a boiling tube fitted in a clamp stand.
2. Observe its colour. Fit it with cork and delivery tube bent at two right angles which dips into a test tube.
3. Heat crystals in boiling tube. ‘
4. Observe vapours being condensed in test tube.
5. Cool the crystals and add few drops of water into it.
Observation: Water vapours get condensed in a test tube and colour of blue crystals changes into white. On adding water to anhydrous copper
sulphate, it changes into blue again.
Chemical Reaction:
acids-bases-salts-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science-35
Blue vitriol White
Conclusion: Crystalline substances have water of crystallisation which are lost on heating.

57.A compound which is prepared from gypsum has the property of hardening when mixed with proper quantity of water.
(i) Identify the compound.
(ii) Write the chemical equation for its preparation.
(iii) Mention one important use of this compound.
Answer.

58.Name the products formed in each case when

(a) hydrochloric acid reacts with caustic soda.
(b) granulated zinc reacts with caustic soda.
(c) carbon dioxide is passed into lime water.
Answer.