Contents

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Periodic Table definition
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RACI
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Dmitri Mendeleev
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Reason behind this year
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Description of elements
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Conclusion
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Thank You slides
 Periodic Table

The periodic table, also known as the periodic table

of elements, is a tabular display of the chemical
elements, which are arranged by atomic number,
electron configuration, and recurring chemical
properties. The structure of the table shows
periodic trends. The seven rows of the table, called
periods, generally have metals on the left and non-
metals on the right. The columns, called groups,
contain elements with similar chemical behaviours.
The Periodic Table
 RACI
The Royal Australian (Royal Australian
Chemical Institute (RACI) is
both the qualifying body in Chemical Institute)
Australia for professional
chemists and a learned
society promoting the
science and practice of
chemistry in all its
branches.The RACI hosts
conferences, seminars and
workshops. It is the
professional body for
chemistry in Australia, with
the ability to award the
status of Chartered
Chemist (CChem) to
suitably qualified
candidates.
Artistic Impression of The Periodic Table
 The man who discovered
the periodic table

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (8 February 1834-2 February 1907) was a Russian chemist
and inventor. He is best remembered for formulating the Periodic Law and creating a
farsighted version of the periodic table of elements. He used the Periodic Law not only to
correct the then-accepted properties of some known elements, such as the valence and
atomic weight of uranium, but also to predict the properties of eight elements that were yet to
be discovered.
The International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements in 2019 will coincide with the
150th anniversary of the discovery of the Periodic System by Dmitry Mendeleev in 1869.

In 1863, there were 56 known elements with a new element being discovered at a rate of
approximately one per year. Other scientists had previously identified periodicity of elements.
John Newlands described a Law of Octaves, noting their periodicity according to relative
atomic weight in 1864, publishing it in 1865. His proposal identified the potential for new
elements such as germanium. The concept was criticized and his innovation was not
recognized by the Society of Chemists until 1887.

As he attempted to classify the elements according to their chemical properties, he noticed

patterns that led him to postulate his periodic table; he claimed to have envisioned the
complete arrangement of the elements in a dream.
 Why 2019 has been declared as the
international year of periodic table?
On 20 December 2017, the United Nations (UN) General
Assembly 72nd Session has proclaimed 2019 as the International
Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements (IYPT 2019). In
proclaiming an International Year focusing on the Periodic Table of
Chemical Elements and its applications, the United Nations has
recognized the importance of raising global awareness of how
chemistry promotes sustainable development and provides
solutions to global challenges in energy, education, agriculture and
health.This International Year will bring together many different
stakeholders including UNESCO, scientific societies and unions,
educational and research institutions, technology platforms, non-
profit organizations and private sector partners to promote and
celebrate the significance of the Periodic Table of Elements and its
applications to society during 2019.
The development of the Periodic Table of the Elements is one of
the most significant achievements in science and a uniting
scientific concept, with broad implications in Astronomy,
Chemistry, Physics, Biology and other natural sciences. It is a
unique tool enabling scientists to predict the appearance and
properties of matter on Earth and in the Universe. Many chemical
elements are crucial to enhance the value and performance of
products necessary for humankind, our planet, and industrial
endeavors. The four most recent elements (113, 115, 117 and
118) were fully added into the Periodic Table, with the approval of
their names and symbols, on 28 November 2016.
 Description of elements
Hydrogen Helium
Hydrogen is a gas and the most Helium derives its name from Helios the Titan God of
abundant and lightest of all the the Sun. Helios dwelt in a golden palace at the eastern
elements and has a huge influence ends of the earth. Each dawn he would emerge,
on our lives. Hydrogen is also crowned with the aureole of the sun to drive his
extremely flammable, a key chariot; drawn by four winged and fiery steeds, across
contributor to the Hindenberg the skies.
disaster, and the source of the Helium; one of the Noble Gases, was discovered in
suns energy. It is also potentially a 1868 through the noted presence of a previously
power source of the future as unseen yellow line in the solar spectra during a solar
combustion results in water as the eclipse.
only by-product.
Lithium Beryllium
Chemical and industrial uses of Beryllium oxide is used in ceramic insulators.There is
lithium include the use of organo a very high level of uncertainty about the occurrence
lithium reagents as strong bases of beryllium in bituminous coals. It is likely present in
and reagents for C-C bond the organic matter and in clays. In some coals, it
formation in pharmaceutical and appears.
fine-chemical industry, and as
catalysts/initiators for alkene
polymerisation. Still is strong basic
behaviour in lithium hydroxide,
which can be used to produce
lithium soaps that can thicken oils,
which sees its usage in high
temperature lubricants.
Boron Carbon
Borax glazes were used in China from Many consider carbon as the most important
AD300.Several boron compounds are element either as a major contributor to
known for their extreme hardness and climate change through burning fossil fuels,
toughness. Used in bullet proof vests. wood or coal or for the economic impact
Uses : Fibreglass Insulation, Ceramics, that these industries have on society.
Glass, Fertiliser / Plant Nutrients, fire However, the most important role of carbon
retarding. is as the backbone of the molecules of life
Boric acid is also traditionally used as an such as DNA, enzymes and proteins without
insecticide, notably against ants, fleas, and which we would not exist.
cockroaches.
Nitrogen Oxygen
Nitrogen is vital to all currently known forms Oxygen exists in nature as dioxygen (O2 or
of life – present in amino acids and hence in O=O), and makes up about 21% of air.
proteins and our DNA.It is also used in Oxygen is very reactive and generally is not
explosives, rocket fuels, health care, found as O2 gas on other planets,I suppose
cryogenics, smog, poisons etc.Nitrogen is the main use of oxygen that’s important to
perhaps one of the most readily recognised humans, is the whole supporting of life
elements, yet its importance is often aspect. Oxygen plays an important role in
understated. DNA and, in numerous forms within the
body.
Flourine Neon
Fluorine is the most reactive of all of the Neon is the second lightest noble gas. Neon
chemical elements. Elemental fluorine exists is a very common element in the universe but
in the gaseous phase as a highly toxic it is very rare on Earth. Neon gives off a
yellowish brown gas. Compounds such as reddish-orange glow when used in discharge
sodium fluoride are routinely added to tubes.
toothpaste as an effective method against
dental cavities.The compound uranium
hexafluoride is important in the nuclear power
industry and was also utilised in the
development of the atomic bomb.

Sodium Magnesium
Sodium is known for the intense yellow colour Magnesium exists in nature as a component
it gives in flames. This property is utilised in of magnesite, dolomite, sea water and lake
sodium vapour street lighting.Liquid sodium is brines.It is used as feedstock in the
used in some nuclear reactors to move heat production of dead-burned magnesia and for
from the reactor core to the steam refractory brick use in lining furnaces in the
turbines.Sodium is one of the most important steel industryand non-ferrous metal
elements in biology. Sodium cations are processing units and cement kilns. use is for
important in neuron function and is involved processing to caustic calcined magnesia
with the osmotic balance between cells and which is used principally as a food
interstitial fluid. supplement inagribusiness and in fertilisers as
well for fillers in paints, paper and plastics.
Aluminium Silicon
Aluminium is one of the most useful of Silicon is also a key component in glass, first
metals.It is light, malleable, resists made around 2500 BC
corrosion, conducts heat and electricity well, in Mesopotamia by melting sand and soda in a
and reflects heat and visible light well. furnace. It is not a metal but has some metal
It is widely used in construction like properties, especially that it conducts
(from aeroplanes to window frames), food electricity, although poorly.The largest
storage and preparation (e.g. soft-drink cans application of silicon is in the manufacture of
and cooking pots), consumer appliances and aluminium-silicon alloys to produce cast parts,
scientific instruments. mainly for the automotive industry.

Phosphorus Sulphur
Phosphorus is not found free in On Earth, elemental sulfur is usually
nature,However it is common in many associated with hot springs and volcanic
minerals such as apatite.It mixes well with a areas.It was burned as a medicine, fumigant
number of other elements such as calcium, and bleaching agents.The most important
chlorine for pesticides and plasticisers; and sulfur-containing compound is sulfuric acid.The
with sodium as detergents,and of course as principle uses of sulfuric acid include lead-acid
phosphate fertilisers.It has a key biological batteries for cars, ore processing, fertiliser
role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the manufacturing, oil refining, wastewater
currency of cellular energy; in DNA and RNA processing, and chemical synthesis.Sulfur also
as a part of the framework to support the has an important biological role. It is an
base pairing, and as part essential element for life and is found in two
of the phospholipids of cell membrane and amino acids: cysteine and methionine.
thus life itself.
Chlorine Argon
Chlorine is used extensively in the disinfection Argon constitutes 0.934% by volume and
of water from the backyard swimming pool to 1.28% by mass of the Earth’s atmosphere.
public water supplies and wastewater Argon has the following uses:
effluents. Chlorine is cheap and effective - the inflation of car airbags
providing enormous community benefit by - as inert atmosphere in incandescent light
enabling the supply of safe drinking bulb
water.Chloride salts are also very important in - in Geiger counters
biological systems being involved in digestion - added to wine barrels above the liquid to
and function of the nervous system even prevent oxidation of the wine
though we are often warned to reduce our - to provide a protective atmosphere for
intake of one of the most common source of old/historical document storage.
chloride, common table salt (NaCl).
Potassium Calcium
Potassium is a highly reactive substance with Calcium in the form of a compound called
air and water. It oxidizes rapidly in air and will hydroxyapatite is the major structural material
ignite at room temperature. Like other alkali of bones and teeth. Calcium is therefore an
metals; potassium also reacts violently essential dietary element that can be found in
with water, producing hydrogen. The reaction dairy products and also many other foods.
is notably more violent than that of lithium or Another calcium salt is calcium carbonate
sodium.Potassium is fundamentally involved or limestone that dissolves and deposits over
in a massive amount of body processes, such centuries to form the spectacular cave
as nerve conduction, energy production, and formations at Jenolan and
muscle contraction, synthesis of nucleic acids elsewhere.Elemental calcium metal is silvery
and control of heartbeat. but forms a grey white oxide coating on
exposure to air. It is reactive and can be made
to burn in air like its close cousin magnesium
albeit with a bright red flame.
Iron Nickel
The atomic number of Iron is 26.Iron is the The atomic of Nickel is 28.
second most commom metal element on the When nickel is mixed with other metals it makes
earth. One of the transition metal elements, iron alloys that are strong, are corrosion resistant
exists and can stand both extremes of heat and cold.
in a variety of different oxidation states, • Nickel is used to make stainless steel and
although +2 and +3 are the most common. In its other corrosion resistant alloys
elemental form iron has a lustrous silver-gray • Coinage
surface, however iron reacts with oxygen in air • Armour plate and burglar-proof vaults
to form iron oxides. • Rechargeable batteries
• Electroplating
• Production of soaps and margarine

Copper Zinc
The atomic number of Copper is 29. The atomic number of Zinc is 30.The use of
The name comes from the Latin word Cyprium, Zinc goes back to prehistoric times when it was
after the island of Cyprus. alloyed with copper to make brass. its greatest
Copper is malleable and ductile.Copper is used use is in coating steel to prevent corrosion
in many alloys including brass (copper and zinc) (galvanizing), zinc is also used in
and solder (copper, zinc and tin). It is an batteries,cosmetics, paint pigment (white),
excellent conductor of heat and electricity . brass (taps etc.), precision die casting for the
automotive industry and nutritional
supplements.
Silver Platinum
The atomic number of Silver is 47.The The atomic number of Platinum is 78.It is
chemical symbol of Silver is Ag, which one of the rarest, most sought after and
stands for Argentum in Latin. Silver is a expensive metals on eath.Platinum is a
lustrous white metal and a prized metal, dense, malleable, ductile metal that is
both for its beauty and usefulness. remarkably resistant to corrosion, even at
As Silver was one of the earliest metals high temperatures.Platinum compounds are
used to make coins, many of us still also important chemotherapies against
associate Silver’s use to produce currency. certain types of cancer.The development of
furnaces, refining techniques and the
invention of the oxyacetylene torch lead to
the increased use of platinum.

Gold Uranium
The atomic number of Gold is 79.This well The atomic number of Uranium is
known and sought after metal is eternally 92.Uranium is a radioactive metallic
shiny, highly malleable & ductile, inert, and element, naturally occurring in most rocks,
typically alloyed with other metals to soil, and even in the ocean.It is formed
improve strength.Besides jewellery, gold or from volcanic activity.Although uranium is
gold plating is used widely from Olympic not very common in the universe, it is the
medals to dentistry, electronics, main source of heat inside the earth.
nanotechnology, as a catalyst and even as
a coating in the aerospace industry.Gold
has been highly valued since earliest times
and, unlike other metals, it maintains it
lustre.
To summarize, the periodic table is important because it is
organized to provide a great deal of information about
elements and how they relate to one another in one easy-to-
use reference.

The table can be used to predict the properties of elements,

even those that have not yet been discovered.
Columns (groups) and rows (periods) indicate elements that
share similar characteristics.
The table makes trends in element properties apparent and
easy to understand.
The table provides important information used to balance
chemical equations.
 by-
MONTRO SAHA VII B
RAJARSHI MANDAL VII B
RISHAV MAITY VII B
SINJINI MAITY IX D
DEBJANI GHOSH IX B
THE END