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6. STOICHIOMETRY OF REACTION

The document outlines an experiment focused on the stoichiometry of chemical reactions, specifically precipitation and acid-base reactions. It details objectives, theoretical background, equipment, procedures, and data analysis methods to determine reaction coefficients and relationships between reactants and products. The experiment involves measuring precipitation height and temperature changes while varying reactant volumes to identify optimum points for each reaction.

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Eya Eliyawati
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5 views5 pages

6. STOICHIOMETRY OF REACTION

The document outlines an experiment focused on the stoichiometry of chemical reactions, specifically precipitation and acid-base reactions. It details objectives, theoretical background, equipment, procedures, and data analysis methods to determine reaction coefficients and relationships between reactants and products. The experiment involves measuring precipitation height and temperature changes while varying reactant volumes to identify optimum points for each reaction.

Uploaded by

Eya Eliyawati
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STOICHIOMETRY OF REACTION
A. Objectives
1. Determine coefficient reaction based on precipitation formed.
2. Determine stoichiometry of acid-base reaction.
B. Basic Theory
A chemical reaction is a process in which one set of substances called
reactants is converted to new set of substances called products. In many cases, though,
nothing happens when or substances are mixed together, they retain their original
properties and composition. Just as symbols are used for elements and formulas for
compounds, there is a symbolic or shorthand way of representing a chemical reaction
called chemical equation.
All atoms present in the reactants must be accounted for among the products.
In other words, there must be the same number of each type of atom on the product
side and on the reactant side of the narrow. Making sure that this rule is followed is
called balancing chemical equation. The coefficients in balanced equation tell the
number of substances involved in a reaction. These coefficients also tell the number
of moles of substances in a reaction. For example:
CH4 (g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
The equation tells us that 1 molecule of CH 4 reacts with 2 molecules O2 to produce 1
molecule of CO2 and 2 molecules of H2O. The equation also tells us that 1n mole of
CH4 reacts with 2n moles of O2 to give 1n moles of CO2 and 2n moles of H2O (n =
any value).
In the laboratory, coefficient in chemical reaction can be determined through
experimental data series results. One of simple way to determine coefficient of
reaction is continuous variation method. The basic principle of this method is in a
series of experiments, the total molar amount of reactants is made permanent, while
the molar amount of each changed regularly. Changes that occur as a result of the
reaction between the mixture of reactants (mass, volume, and temperature) is plotted
to the molar of each reactant in a graph, in order to obtain an optimum point.
Optimum point shows coefficient ratio for each reactant.

C. Equipment and Materials


Equipment
Beakers 100 mL (6)
Graduated cylinder 25 mL (1)
Graduated cylinder 10 mL (1)
Thermometer (2)
Tray (1)
Ruler (1)
Materials
NaOH 1 M
NaOH 0,1 M
CuSO4 0,1 M
HCl 1 M

D. Procedures
1. Stoichiometry of Precipitation Reaction
a. Provide two beakers, take 5 mL NaOH 0,1 M and fill it in beaker 1 and 25
mL CuSO4 0,1 M in beaker 2.
b. Mix two kinds of solution and shake it.
c. let the mixture until precipitation is formed.
d. Measure the height of precipitation using ruler (mm).
e. Do the same way with the different composition of reactants (total volume
still 30 mL) :
• 10 mL NaOH 0,1 M and 20 mL CuSO4 0,1 M
• 15 mL NaOH 0,1 M and 15 mL CuSO4 0,1 M
• 20 mL NaOH 0,1 M and 10 mL CuSO4 0,1 M
• 25 mL NaOH 0,1 M and 5 mL CuSO4 0,1 M
f. Make graph and plotted height of precipitation [Y] VS volume
NaOH/CuSO4[X].
g. Determine optimum point and coefficient of reaction.

2. Stoichiometry of Acid-Base Reaction


a. Take 5 mL NaOH 1 M and fill it in beaker 1 and 25 mL HCl 1 M in beaker
2. Measure the temperature of both solutions (T M) and make sure that both
of solution has the same temperature (using water in tray).
b. Mix two kinds of solution and measure the constant temperature (T A).
c. Do the same way with the different composition of reactants (total volume
still 30 mL):
• 10 mL NaOH 1 M and 20 mL HCl 1 M
• 15 mL NaOH 1 M and 15 mL HCl 1 M
• 20 mL NaOH 1 M and 10 mL HCl 1 M
• 25 mL NaOH 1 M and 5 mL HCl 1 M
d. Make graph and plotted the change of temperature [Y] VS volume
NaOH/HCl[X].
e. Determine optimum point and coefficient of reaction.
E. Observation Table
1. Stoichiometry of Precipitation Reaction
Experiment Volume of Volume of Precipitation(mm)
NaOH 0,1 M CuSO4 0,1 M
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

2. Stoichiometry of Acid-Base Reaction


Experiment Volume of Volume of TM TA ∆T
NaOH 1 M HCl 1 M
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

F. Chemical Reaction and Calculation


Write chemical reaction based on your experiment (complete with phase) and
calculate moles of reactants and products.
1. Stoichiometry of Precipitation Reaction
2. Stoichiometry of Acid-Base Reaction

G. Data Analysis
1. Stoichiometry of Precipitation Reaction
a. What kind of precipitation that is produced from the reaction? Give the reason.
b. Make graph and plotted height of precipitation [Y] VS volume
NaOH/CuSO4[X].
Which experiment that has optimum point? Describe with any scientific
explanation.
c. Compare between the coefficient of reaction that you get from experiment and
the coefficient of reaction based on theory (chemical reaction). Explain in
detailed.
d. Mention some kinds of difficulties in your experiment and how to solve it.
2. Stoichiometry of Acid-Base Reaction
a. What is the relationship between moles of substances and the temperature
changes in chemical reaction.
b. Make graph and plotted the change of temperature [Y] VS volume
NaOH/HCl[X].
Which experiment that has optimum point? Describe with any scientific
explanation.
c. Compare between the coefficient of reaction that you get from experiment and
the coefficient of reaction based on theory (chemical reaction). Explain in
detailed.
d. Mention some kinds of difficulties in your experiment and how to solve it.

H. Conclusion
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