Honors Precalculus Final Review

The following is extra practice for the final exam. Use your notes first to help with problems that are
challenging. Answer key is also provided for you to check your work.

Exam Format:
Non-calc: 9 multiple choice and 9 open ended Calc: 5 open ended

NON-CALCULATOR PRACTICE:
Odd/Even/Symmetry

1. Determine if the equations have y-axis, origin or no symmetry. Then classify whether the
function is even, odd, or neither.
𝑥3 𝑥
a. 𝑦 = 𝑥 6 − 4𝑥 2 b. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 − 10 c. 𝑓(𝑥) = d. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 −7 𝑥 5 −𝑥

Polynomial and Rational Functions

2. Describe the end behavior of each function using limit notation.

a. ℎ(𝑥) = −4𝑥 6 − 2𝑥 2 + 1 b. ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 7 (5 − 𝑥)(2𝑥 + 3)3

3. For the following functions determine the following:

i. Determine the end behavior of the graph.
ii. Determine the zeros and state the multiplicity of any repeated zeros
iii. Use this information to sketch a graph of the function.

a. 𝑔(𝑥) = −3𝑥 2 (𝑥 − 3)4 (𝑥 + 2) b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 (𝑥 + 3)5 − 6𝑥 4 (𝑥 + 3)4

4. For the following functions,
a) Write each polynomial as the product of linear and irreducible quadratic factors.
b) Determine the rational and irrational zeros of the polynomial.

a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 − 17𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 21 b. 0 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 8

Factored Form: Factored Form:

Rational Zero(s): Rational Zero(s):
Irrational Zero(s): Irrational Zero(s):

5. Is (𝑥 − 2) a factor of 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 – 30? If yes, factor the polynomial completely.

6. Solve the inequalities.

a. 6𝑥 3 + 10𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 < −25 b. (𝑥 − 4)2 + 1 ≥ 0 c. 6𝑥 4 (𝑥 + 1)2 ≤ 3𝑥 3 (𝑥 + 1)3

7. Determine the domain.

𝑥 2 +5𝑥+6 𝑥+3 2𝑥 3 +7𝑥 2 −4𝑥

a. 𝑓(𝑥) = b. 𝑔(𝑥) = c. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+7 𝑥 2 +2𝑥−3 𝑥 3 +2𝑥 2 −3𝑥
8. Analyze the graphs of the following rational functions: Include domain, discontinuities, end behavior,
asymptotes and intercepts. Then use this analysis to sketch the function.
3𝑥 𝑥−2 𝑥 2 +2𝑥−3
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−2 b. 𝑓(𝑥) = c. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 −6𝑥+8 𝑥+2

Domain: Domain: Domain:

Discontinuities: Discontinuities: Discontinuities:

Hole (removable): Hole (removable): Hole (removable):

VA (infinite): VA (infinite): VA (infinite):

End Behavior: End Behavior: End Behavior:

HA: HA: HA:

OA: OA: OA:

x-intercept: x-intercept: x-intercept:

y-intercept: y-intercept: y-intercept:

9. Simplify the following rational expressions:

5 2 𝑥
2𝑥 2 −5𝑥−3 4 2 𝑥−2
+
𝑥 𝑥−2
a. b. − c. 𝑥 d. 3
𝑥 2 −9 𝑥−3 𝑥+2 +3 1− 2
𝑥+1 𝑥 −2𝑥

10. Solve the equation.

1 4𝑥+12 2 1 1 6
a. 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 −3𝑥 = 𝑥−3 b. + 𝑥 2 −7𝑥+10 = 𝑥−5
𝑥−2
11. Solve the inequalities:
(𝑥+3) 7
a. ≤0 b. <1
(𝑥−5) 𝑥+3

Composition and Inverse

5𝑥+1 3
12. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥−1 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥−1, find(𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥). Then state the domain.

13. State whether the functions are one-to-one.

a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 7 b. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 8 c. ℎ(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 5| + 6

14. Determine if the functions are invertible and restrict the domain if necessary. Then determine the
inverse and it’s domain.
5
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 3)2 + 12 b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥−3 c. 𝑦 = |𝑥 + 3| − 4

Invertible? Yes No Invertible? Yes No Invertible? Yes No

Restricted domain (if necessary): Restricted domain (if necessary): Restricted domain (if necessary):

𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =

Domain of 𝑓 −1 (𝑥): Domain of 𝑓 −1 (𝑥): Domain of 𝑓 −1 (𝑥):

𝑟 𝑛𝑡
Exponential/Logarithmic Formulas Given: 𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + 𝑛) 𝐴 = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡 𝐴(𝑡) = 𝐴0 𝑒 𝑘𝑡
15. NON- CALCULATOR: For the following functions determine the equation of the asymptote and end
behavior using limits.
1 𝑥
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = (3) − 7 b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 ln(𝑥 + 1) c. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥+4 − 3
16. Condense the logarithmic expression. Simplify your result.
a. 2 log x – log 3 b. 5 ln 𝑥 + ln 𝑥𝑦 − 2 ln 3𝑥

17. Expand the logarithmic expression completely.

𝑥2 3𝑥 3
a. log 9 b. ln ( )
13𝑦 5 2√𝑥+1 ∙ (𝑥)

18. Evaluate the expression.

1 1
a. log16 4 b. ln 𝑒 4 − ln (𝑒 2 ) c. log 3 81 d. log 1 32
2

19. Simplify each expression

a. 𝑒 8𝑙𝑛𝑥 b. ln 𝑒 (2𝑥+3) c. 𝑒 5 ln 𝑥 + ln 𝑒 (12)

20. Solve. LEAVE EXACT, NON-CALCULATOR!

1 𝑥+1
a. 82𝑥+3 = (4) b. log 9 4𝑥 = log 9 (2𝑥 + 1) + log 9 (𝑥) c. log 4 (2𝑥) + log 4 (𝑥 − 2) = 2

d. 2𝑥 = 15 e. ln(𝑥 + 1) = 3 f. 𝑒 2𝑥+4 = 3
21. A certain bacteria has a half-life of 39 days.
a) Determine the decay rate exactly and give both exact and decimal.

Rate (exact): ____________________

b) Determine how many bacteria are left after 100 days if the initial sample had 700 bacteria.

Solution (exact):__________________________________

22. A certain bacteria has a half-life of 55 days.

a) Determine the decay rate exactly and give both exact and decimal.

Rate (exact): ____________________

b) Determine how many bacteria are left after 30 days if the initial sample had 806 bacteria.

Solution (exact):__________________________________

Trigonometry Given Blank unit circle, sum and difference formulas, double angle formulas, Area
formulas and Laws of Sines and Cosines.

23. If the point given is on the terminal side of 𝜃, determine the exact value of all six trigonometric
functions.
a. (6, 8) b. (2, −3)

24. Name the quadrant in which the angle θ lies if:

a. cos 𝜃 < 0, csc 𝜃 < 0 ________________________

b. cot 𝜃 < 0, cos 𝜃 > 0 ________________________

c. sec 𝜃 < 0, tan 𝜃 < 0 ________________________

d. sin 𝜃 > 0, cos 𝜃 > 0 ________________________

25. What is the reference angle if 𝜃 = 2470

26. Give and expression for all angles that are coterminal with the given angle and then one positive and
one negative coterminal angle.
7𝜋 4𝜋
a. 215° b. 15 c. − 7

All coterminal: All coterminal: All coterminal:

Positive: Positive: Positive:
Negative: Negative: Negative:
9
27. Find the exact value of the 5 remaining trig functions if 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = and csc 𝜃 < 0.
8

2
28. Find the exact value of the 5 remaining trig functions if sin 𝜃 = − 3 and cot 𝜃 > 0.

4 3𝜋
29. If sin 𝜃 = − 5 and 𝜋 ≤ 𝜃 < what is cos(2𝜃)?
2

3𝜋
30. If cos 𝜃 = 5/13 and ≤ 𝜃 < 2𝜋 what is sin(2𝜃) ?
2

31. Find the exact value of the expression. NON-CALCULATOR

4𝜋 5𝜋 − √3 √2
a. sec ( 3 ) b. cot (− ) c. tan−1 ( ) d. sin−1 ( 2 )
6 3

7𝜋 √3 1
e. sec −1 (−2) f. cos-1(cos ( 6 )) g. tan(sin−1 (− )) h. cos (sin−1 (4))
2

3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋
i. sec −1 (cot ( 4 )) j. cot(𝜋) − csc ( 4 ) k. cos 2 ( 6 ) sin (− ) l. csc 2 ( 6 ) + cot ( 4 )
3
32. Given the functions below, find the amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift.
2
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 sin(3𝑥 − 8) + 4 b. 𝑓(𝑥) = − sin(𝑥 − 5) c. 𝑓(𝑥) = − 3 sin(2(𝑥 + 𝜋)) − 3

Domain: Domain: Interval of Continuity:

Range: Range: Range:
Amplitude: Amplitude: Amplitude:
Period: Period: Period:
Phase Shift: Phase Shift: Phase Shift:
Vertical Shift: Midline: Vertical Shift:

33. Find the exact value of cos 75o.

34. Find the exact value of tan 15o.

2
35. Find the exact value of cos(2𝜃) and sin(2𝜃), if cos 𝜃 = 5 and csc 𝜃 < 0.

3
36. Find the exact value of cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) and sin(𝐴 − 𝐵), if tan 𝐴 = and A is in Q1. CosB=-2/5 and is in Q2.
2

37. Simplify the expressions. Reduce to a single trigonometric function that is not rational.
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 θ 1−sec2 𝜃
a. 1 − b. sin 𝑥 cos2 𝑥 + sin3 𝑥 c.
1+cos(−θ) sin2 𝜃
38. Verify the identity
𝜋
a. cos( 2 + 𝜃) = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 b. sin2 𝑥 tan2 𝑥 csc 2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 tan2 𝑥 csc 2 𝑥 = sec 2 𝑥

csc2 𝜃 − cot2 𝜃
c. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃(𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃) d. = sec 2 θ
1 − sin2 𝜃

1+sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 2cos(𝜃) sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃

e. + = f. − csc 𝜃+1 = sin(2𝜃) sec 𝜃 tan2 𝜃
cos 𝜃 1−sin 𝜃 1−sin 𝜃 csc 𝜃−1

39. Solve in the interval [0, 2𝜋)

a. 6 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 – 3 = 0 b. (𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 + 1) ( 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃 – ½ ) = 0 c. 3 tan2 𝑥 + 2 = 5

d. cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 = 3 cos 𝑥 e. 5 + 7 sin2 𝜃 = 8 + 3 sin2 𝜃 e. cos 2 𝑥 = 2 cos(𝑥)

Vectors and Parametrics:
40. If r = 〈3, 9〉 and s =〈−3,6〉, determine the following:
1
a. 5r – 2s b. 2𝑟 + 𝑠 c. 3(𝑟 − 2𝑠)
2

41. Let ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝐴𝐵 be the vector with given initial point A and terminal point B. Write ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 as a linear
combination of the vectors i and j.
a. A(10, –4) and B(–1, –3) b. A(3, 0) and B(2, –7)

43. Find the magnitude and direction angle of the following vectors.
a. Exact: 〈1, −√3〉 b. Calculator for angle (degrees): −𝑖 − 5𝑗

43. Find the component form of v with the given magnitude and direction angle. EXACT
a. |v| = 18, θ = 240° b. |v| = 5, θ = 135°

44. Find the direction angle of the vector 𝑝 =– 4i + 4j

45. Write the following parametric equations in rectangular form:

a. 𝑥 = 3𝑡 − 1; 𝑦 = 2𝑡 2 + 6 b. 𝑥 = 4 cos 𝜃 ; 𝑦 = 2 sin 𝜃 c. 𝑥(𝑡) = 5𝑡; 𝑦(𝑡) = 3√𝑡 − 1
Polar and Complex: No additional formulas given! Should know/come up with:
𝑦
𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃 , 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 tan 𝜃 =
𝑥

46. Find the rectangular coordinates of:

a. (4, 120°) b. (-2, 3𝜋/4)

47. Find two polar coordinates for the rectangular point (-1, -1) if −2𝜋 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 2𝜋.

48. Identify four polar coordinates for point A if −2𝜋 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 2𝜋.

49. Plot the following polar points on the polar paper below.

3𝜋
𝐴 (2, )
2
5𝜋
𝐵 (−3, )
6
𝜋
𝐶 (0, 12)
3𝜋
𝐷 (−3, − )
4

50. Write the polar equations in rectangular form:

a. r = -6sin𝜃 b. r = 2cos𝜃 c. r = 5

51. Write the polar equation as a vector.

a. 𝑟 = 10 b. 𝑟 = 2 cos 𝜃 c. 𝑟 = −4 sin 𝜃
Limits and Continuity

52. Determine whether each function is continuous at the given x-value(s). If discontinuous, identify the
type of discontinuity.

𝑥 −2 𝑥+1
a. f(x) = 𝑥 + 4; at x = –4 b. f(x) = ; at x = –1 and x = –2
𝑥2 + 3𝑥 + 2

53. Evaluate each limit, if it exists. Justify any limits that do not exist.
𝑥 2 − 16 1
a. lim+ (4 − √𝑥) b. lim c. lim +
𝑥 →0 𝑥 →4 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 → −1 𝑥+1

1
d. lim (𝑥2 + 3𝑥 − 8) e. lim f. lim
𝜋−
tan 𝜃
𝑥→3 𝑥 → −6 𝑥 + 6 𝜃→
2

𝑥−1 𝑥<5
𝑥−1 𝑥 < −2
g. lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = { h. lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = { 3 𝑥=5
𝑥→−2 𝑥2 𝑥 ≥ −2 𝑥→5
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 1 𝑥 > 5

3𝑥 2 +7
i. lim 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 2 + 7 j. lim k. lim ln(𝑥)
𝑥→∞ 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 2 −1 𝑥→∞
54. Given the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) at the right, determine the following or justify why they do not exist.

a) lim 𝑓(𝑥)=______________________________
𝑥→ −∞

b) lim 𝑓(𝑥)=_____________________________
𝑥→ ∞

c) lim 𝑓(𝑥)=_____________________________
𝑥→ −2−

d) lim 𝑓(𝑥)=_______________________________
𝑥→−2+

e) lim− 𝑓(𝑥)=______________________________
𝑥→0

f) lim 𝑓(𝑥)=_____________________________
𝑥→ 0 +

g) lim 𝑓(𝑥)=_____________________________
𝑥→ 0

h) lim− 𝑓(𝑥)=_______________________________
𝑥→ 5

i) lim 𝑓(𝑥)=_____________________________
𝑥→ 5 +

j) lim 𝑓(𝑥)=_____________________________
𝑥→ 5

k) Determine the name and location of any discontinuities on the graph of 𝑓(𝑥). (3 pts)

Location: Name of Discontinuity:

x=
Calculator Practice:
𝑟 𝑛𝑡
Exponential/Logarithmic Formulas Given: 𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + 𝑛) 𝐴 = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡 𝐴(𝑡) = 𝐴0 𝑒 𝑘𝑡

1. Suppose $1000 is invested in an account that compounds continuously at a rate of 4.25%. Determine
how long it will take to double. Round to the nearest year.

2. A scientist has 37 grams of a radioactive substance that decays 30% continuously. How many grams
of radioactive substance remain after 9 years? Round to nearest tenth.

3. A certain radioactive substance has a half-life of 2488 years. Find the decay rate in EXACT FORM.
Then, if there was 100g initially, find the amount of substance left after 1000 years. Round to nearest
tenth.

Trigonometry Given Blank unit circle, sum and difference formulas, double angle formulas, Area
formulas and Laws of Sines and Cosines.

4. Two observes simultaneously measure the angle of elevation of a helicopter. One angle measured is A:
250 and the other is B: 400. If the observers are 100 feet apart and the helicopter lies over the line joining
them. How far away from the helicopter are the observers A and B?

5. Solve the following triangles. Round to the nearest hundredth.

a. a = 11cm, b = 6 cm, A = 22ᵒ b. a = 13 m, b = 12 m, c = 8m c. a = 9 cm, b = 10 cm, C = 42ᵒ
 d. a = 5 cm, A = 36ᵒ, B = 42ᵒ e. a = 25in, c = 18in, C = 63, f. B = 20o, a = 6mm, b = 4mm

6. Determine the area of each triangle to the nearest tenth.

a. 𝐴 = 95°, 𝑏 = 12𝑚, 𝑐 = 18 𝑚 b. 𝑎 = 44, 𝑏 = 47, 𝑐 = 53

7. Determine the area of the shape below with given dimensions.

16 mm
a. 38 b.
6 mm
10 mm 51°
8 mm 8 mm
105
11 mm
45°
20𝑓𝑡 8 mm
8 mm

Vectors and Parametrics:

8. Find the direction angle. Round to the nearest degree, when necessary.
a. 〈−2, 3〉 b. 3𝐢 − 3𝐣 c. 〈−1, −5〉 d. 𝑖