Safe working guidelines

for electrical workers

and apprentices
February 2025
Contents

Preface 3 7. E
 lectrical isolation and
de-energisation of equipment 31
1. Terms and definitions 4
7.1 Essential steps for effective de-energisation 31
2. Responsibilities 6 7.2 Securing the isolation with locks 32
2.1 General 6 7.3 Danger tags 32
2.2 E
 mployer responsibilities for 7.4 Out-of-service tags 32
supervising electrical workers 7
2.3 Employer responsibilities for apprentices 7 8. Personal protective equipment (PPE) 33
2.4 Supervising electrical worker responsibilities 8 8.1 General PPE requirements 33
2.5 Apprentice responsibilities 9 8.2 Responsibilities 34
2.6 Licensing 9 8.3 Basic PPE 34
2.7 Work standards 10 9. Rescue and resuscitation 37
3. Supervision of electrical workers 11 10. Reporting and investigation of
3.1 Effective supervision 11
electrical accidents 38
3.2 The work environment 12 10.1 Duties of an employer 38
3.3 Knowledge and skills of the electrical worker 12 10.2 Duties of an employee 38
3.4 Supervising electrical worker’s competence 13 10.3 Investigations of electrical accidents 38
3.5 Levels of supervision 13
3.6 Limit to the number of persons supervised 14  ppendix 1: Assessment and
A
3.7 Supervision of apprentices 15 testing of apprentice’s knowledge of
3.8 L
 evel of supervision for holders of workplace safety 39
provisional licenses 16 Assessment guidelines 39
Eligibility to conduct interview and test 39
4. D
 angers and risks when doing
Assessment 39
electrical work 17
4.1 Managing risk using the hierarchy of control 17  ppendix 2: Physiological effects
A
4.2 Electrical risks 18 of electric shock 40
4.3 Non-electrical risks 22
 ppendix 3: Methodology for
A
5. Safe working practices 24 assessing the level of supervision
5.1 Before starting work 24 for an apprentice
5.2 When working 25 (de-energised work only) 41
5.3 On completion of the work 25
5.4 General safety practices 26 Appendix 4: Rescue and resuscitation 42
5.5 Tools 26

6. W
 orking on or near energised
electrical equipment 27
6.1 E
 xceptions for working on or near energised
electrical equipment 28
6.2 S
 afe approach to carrying out live
electrical work 28
6.3 Work in roof spaces 29
6.4 P
 recautions required for installations with
embedded generators or batteries 29
6.5 Work near overhead power lines 30
6.6 R
 estrictions on apprentices working on
or near energised equipment 30
Preface

Every electrical worker must be constantly vigilant about electrical hazards when carrying out
electrical work. The danger is real.

This booklet covers basic electrical safety practices to be followed by all electrical workers and
provides advice on:
• Achieving and maintaining safe work practices, for the benefit of the individual worker and for
the benefit of others.
• Effective supervision of licensed electrical workers with varying competencies.
• Responsibilities of employers and electrical apprentices to ensure apprentices have
sufficient basic trade safety knowledge prior to being granted an electrician’s training license.
Safe working practices and procedures are an integral part of the electrical trade and must
be the first skills learned.

These guidelines are designed to complement the Electricity (Licensing) Regulations 1991 in matters
specifically related to the licensing and safety of electrical workers. General workplace safety
requirements and responsibilities of Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking and employees are
covered by the WA Work Health and Safety Act 2020 and the Work Health and Safety Regulations 2022.
In all instances, the requirements of an Act and the Regulations prevail.
Note: Every care has been taken to ensure references to legislation, Australian Standards and other
documents in the guidelines are accurate at the time of publication. However, amendments to these
documents are made from time to time and the reader should always check to ensure that applicable
referenced information is current.

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1. Terms and definitions

Terms and definitions used within this document have a meaning as defined within
the relevant legislation e.g. the Electricity (Licensing) Regulations 1991 (ELR).
Technical terms and words have the meaning as stated within the relevant industry
standards, e.g. AS/NZS 3000.
This guideline aims to provide clarity where possible between terms used in legislation and relevant
industry standards. However, where conflicts in terms or definitions exist, the terms and definitions within
legislation shall prevail.
The following terms and definitions have been replicated where possible to allow this guideline to be
printed and used without reference to other documents:
Agent – means:
• a person who carries on a business of providing workers to carry out work for clients of the
person; and
• includes a group training organisation as defined in the Industrial Relations Act 1979 section 7(1).
Apprentice – has the meaning given in the Vocational Education and Training Act 1996 section 60A.
Building – means a Class 1, Class 2 or Class 10a building as classified under the Building Regulations 2012.
De-energised – in relation to a part of an electrical installation, means separated from each supply of
electricity to the part in such a way that the part cannot be inadvertently energised.
Electrical equipment – includes any component or part of an electrical installation.
Electrical worker in training – means an electrical worker who is an apprentice or who is undergoing a
course of training.
Energised – in relation to a part of an electrical installation, means connected to a supply of electricity
to the part, whether or not electricity is flowing through any part of that part.
Employer of an electrical worker in training – means a person who employs an electrical worker
in training and includes an agent who, under a labour hire arrangement, makes the services of the
worker available.
Labour hire arrangement – exists if:
• an agent has for remuneration agreed with a client to provide an electrical worker to carry out
electrical work for the client;
• there is no contract of employment between the electrical worker and the client in relation to the
electrical work;
• there is an agreement (which may be a contract of employment) between the electrical worker
and the agent as to the carrying out of electrical work including in respect of remuneration and
other entitlements; and
• that agreement applies to the carrying out of the electrical work by the electrical worker for
the client.

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Licensed electrical worker – means the holder of an electrical worker’s licence or the holder of a permit
as described under Part 3 of the ELR and replicated below:
a) An electrician’s licence and the work authorised by the licence may be carried out
without supervision.
b) An electrician’s training licence and the work authorised by the licence shall be effectively
supervised by the holder of an electrician’s licence in accordance with ELR regulation 50(4)
and as further explained in this guideline.
c) A restricted licence authorises the holder of the licence to carry out electrical work (including
testing) for the purposes of the holder’s trade but does not authorise the holder of the licence
to carry out the installation or alteration of fixed wiring.
d) A permit that authorises the person to whom it is issued, subject to restrictions and conditions,
if any, as may be specified in the permit, to carry out the electrical work that would be authorised
by a licence of the corresponding kind. A permit may be issued subject to conditions for supervision
that are more stringent than the level of supervision applicable to holders of a licence of the
corresponding kind.
Live – means in relation to any wire or other object, having under normal conditions of operation, an
electrical potential difference between that wire or other object and earth, and any conductive part that
is deemed by the Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules to be a live part for the purposes of that standard,
shall be regarded as live for the purposes of these guidelines.
Person employing an electrical worker in training – includes a person who, by arrangement with the
employer or agent of an electrical worker in training, is making use of the services of the electrical worker,
whether or not the arrangement is principally for the purpose of training the electrical worker.
Roof space of a building – means the space in the building that is immediately underneath the roof; or if
there is a ceiling under the roof, or a part of the roof, the space between the roof, or that part of the roof,
and the ceiling. Roof space does not include an attic in the roof space.
Supervising electrical worker – means a person supervising the electrical work of an electrical worker
meeting the requirements of ELR regulation 50(3).
Working on or near – The term “on” or “near” has the meaning given in ELR regulation 54A(2) of the ELR
and are explained in detail below.
a) Working on – means working in contact with a part of an electrical installation that is connected to
a supply of electricity, whether or not electricity is flowing through any part (i.e. it can be energised
with a voltage, but load current may or may not be present).
b) Working near – means when a person is carrying out the work, the body of, or any tool,
vehicle, or other equipment used by or controlled by the person, may make contact, directly or
inadvertently with an uninsulated energised part of the electrical installation. The term “work near”
does not apply if the energised part is safely and securely shielded or barricaded by design or if the
part is fully insulated such that direct or inadvertent contact cannot be made.

Safe working guidelines for electrical workers and apprentices 2025 | 5

2. Responsibilities

Employer and employee responsibilities for maintaining workplace safety are set out
in Sections 19 and 28 of the Work Health and Safety Act 2020 (WHS). Under the WHS,
an employer is defined as a Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU).
For the purpose of this guideline, the term employer will be used to align with the
Electricity (Licensing) Regulations 1991.
Employers and persons supervising other electrical workers in training have duties
and responsibilities to ensure a safe system of work is established and maintained.

2.1 General
Employers have the primary duty of care to maintain a
safe working environment for employees by providing
information and training, safe work procedures, safety
equipment and effective supervision.
Employees also have a duty of care to ensure their own
safety and to avoid any act or omission which adversely
affects the safety of others during the performance of their
work. Employees must cooperate with employers, follow
safe work procedures and use protective equipment.
Electrical contractors who employ electrical workers and
apprentices are deemed to be employers for the purpose
of this guideline. An electrical contractor must not perform
the role of supervising electrical worker unless they are
the holder of an electrical worker’s licence or permit and
have the necessary competencies to provide effective
supervision of the electrical work.
An agent under a labour hire arrangement, as defined
within ELR regulation 50AA, retains the duties of the
employer and they are not transferred to the client.
The duties of the supervising electrical worker may be
formally transferred to the client’s supervising electrical
worker under a labour hire arrangement or contract.

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2.2 Employer responsibilities for supervising electrical workers
Employers have duties and responsibilities, but not limited to the following, for supervising
electrical workers:
• Ensure that supervising electrical workers are the holders of a current electrical worker’s licence
or permit and have the necessary competencies to provide effective supervision of another
electrical worker.
• Have regard to the level of competence and ability of the person who is to provide the supervision.
• Create the environment, facilities and means to enable the supervising electrical worker to provide
effective supervision.
• Ensure, as far as is practicable, that the supervising electrical worker determines, on an ongoing
basis, the appropriate level of supervision for the electrical work of apprentices.
• Ensure, as far as is practicable, that the supervising electrical worker:
• does not supervise the electrical work of more than two electrical workers whose electrical work
requires supervision if the electrical work of at least one of them requires direct supervision; and
• does not, in any case, supervise the electrical work of more than four electrical workers whose
electrical work requires supervision.
• Ensure, as far as is practicable, that:
• the supervising electrical worker understands their responsibilities; and
• the apprentice knows who their supervising electrical worker is.

2.3 Employer responsibilities for apprentices

Employers have duties and responsibilities, but not limited to the following for electrical apprentices
under training:
• assess the electrical apprentice’s knowledge of safe working principles and practices
(based on the information in these guidelines) and provide a formal assessment report to
the Electrical Licensing Board. Further details of the required assessment process are
provided in Appendix 1, page 39;
• provide suitable training to ensure that electrical apprentices maintain necessary safe
work standards and achieve the required competencies;
• establish and maintain an individual file/record of each electrical apprentice’s progress and
performance. The records must include dates, successful performance of key work practices
and other important details for future reference;
• provide electrical apprentices with, to the greatest extent possible, experience in a wide variety
of electrical installing work types, to ensure that a broad range of electrical knowledge and
skills has been obtained at the completion of training;
• obtain details of the experience and level of competence of the apprentice in carrying out
electrical work tasks;
• consider the type of electrical work to be carried out by the apprentice, especially whether
the work will be carried out on or near a part of an electrical installation that is connected
to a supply of electricity;

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 • consider the location and general circumstances in which the electrical work is to be carried out;
• ensure, as far as is practicable, that the apprentice does not carry out electrical work on or near an
energised part of an electrical installation unless in the final year of their apprenticeship, the work
relates to fault-finding or testing, they are authorised to do so and provided with direct supervision;
• ensure the work environment allows the electrical apprentices to feel empowered to speak up in
relation to the need for more experience in certain areas of the trade or highlight any safety
concerns or risks that they feel need to be addressed; and
• report all electrical accidents to the relevant network operator.

2.4 Supervising electrical worker responsibilities

This guideline complements the requirements to provide supervision of the electrical work under
regulation 50 of the ELR. The level of supervision required may or may not extend to include additional
duties of care, including the requirements for a PCBU to provide adequate supervision of a worker under
the WHS Act. Where the supervising electrical worker is unclear of their responsibilities, they shall seek
clarity from their employer.
The role of supervising electrical worker carries specific regulatory duties under the ELR, which
are separate to any supervisory role required by other Acts or Regulations or company policies.
A supervising electrical worker who is supervising the electrical work of an electrical worker
(i.e. supervised worker) must:
• Consider the type of electrical work to be carried out by the supervised worker, especially whether
the work will be carried out on or near a part of an electrical installation that is connected to a
supply of electricity.
• Consider the location and general circumstances in which the electrical work is being carried out.
• Consider the complexity of the work and the level of competence of the supervised worker.
• Determine the appropriate level of supervision required for the various tasks that make up the
electrical work of the supervised worker; and provide the required level of supervision.
• Ensure supervised workers do not carry out electrical work on or near an energised part of an
electrical installation except under the following conditions:
• supervised worker is in the final year of training;
• the work is limited to fault-finding or testing;
• only if assessed by the supervising electrical worker as being competent to perform the
task safely;
• only under direct supervision, with the supervising electrical worker in close proximity to
the supervised worker for the duration of the task; and
• supervising electrical worker has undertaken all risk assessments and implemented
risk controls.

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 • Ensure, as far as is practicable, that the supervised worker:
• knows who their supervising electrical worker is;
• knows which level of supervision applies to their electrical work; and
• understands that, in relation to carrying out electrical work, they are not to take
instructions from anyone other than their supervising electrical worker.
• Provide a good mentoring environment where electrical apprentices feel empowered by their
supervisor and safety concerns or risks are taken seriously and addressed.
• Help electrical apprentices to interpret and respond to new work contexts, offering opportunities to
demonstrate their capabilities and assist with verifying workplace experience records or logbooks.
• Report all electrical accidents to the employer.

2.5 Apprentice responsibilities

Electrical apprentices have duties and responsibilities, but not limited to the following:
• Work closely with the employer and supervising licensed electrical worker to achieve a high
standard of safety and workmanship. In particular, always follow instructions and safe working
procedures provided by your supervising licensed electrical worker.
• May refuse to carry out any electrical work, when in relation to that work, it is considered:
• that competency to carry out the work has not been achieved; or
• that work would, or would likely, endanger the apprentice or another person.
• If ever in doubt about anything, the apprentice should consult the supervising electrical worker
or employer.
• Expect to feel empowered to raise with employers and supervisors the need for more experience in
certain areas of the trade or if there are any safety concerns or risks that need to be addressed.
• Report to your supervisor anything that appears unsafe or at risk to you or others.
• Report all electrical accidents to your employer.

2.6 Licensing
Both the employer and the employee have the responsibility to ensure that the employee has the
appropriate current license, as set out in the ELR, to lawfully perform electrical work on behalf of the
employer, while observing any restrictions applicable to the individual license.

2.6.1 Electrician’s training license

Both the employer and the electrical apprentice have the responsibility to ensure that an electrician’s
training licence is obtained before the apprentice carries out any electrical work. An apprentice must
obtain an electrician’s license, at the completion of their apprenticeship, before they can carry out
electrical work lawfully as a tradesperson.
Applications for licenses must be made to the Director of Energy Safety at the Department of Energy,
Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety (DEMIRS).

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2.7 Work standards
All licensed electrical workers are responsible for the safety of their own work and the ongoing electrical
safety of ordinary persons who are the owners and end-users of an electrical installation. Licensed
electrical workers should expect ordinary persons to have little knowledge or training in the dangers
associated with using or operating electrical equipment. Full compliance with industry standards ensures
an installation that is fit for purpose and poses very little risk to its end-users.
Regulation 49B of the ELR requires that, to the extent practicable and reasonable, an electrical worker is
to ensure that when electrical work has been carried out by them:
• the thing on which the work was performed is safe to use; and
• the work has been completed to a trade finish.
Supervising electrical workers are responsible for checking and testing all electrical work carried out by
an electrical apprentice or person undergoing training to ensure compliance with the ELR.
This includes, but is not limited to, compliance with:
• AS/NZS 3000 Wiring Rules;
• The WA Electrical Requirements;
• Technical standards listed in Schedule 2 of the ELR; and
• Code of Practice for Persons Working on or Near Energised Electrical Installations.

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3. S
 upervision of
electrical workers

Electrical accidents and fatalities have occurred when electrical workers were not adequately
supervised. Such incidents are clearly preventable. The importance of effective supervision
is recognised by regulation 50 of the ELR. These guidelines will assist you in understanding
these obligations and for improving workplace safety.

3.1 Effective supervision

Electrical work is not required to be supervised if:
• the person carrying out the electrical work is authorised by a licence or permit to carry out
the electrical work in question without supervision; or
• the person carrying out the electrical work is not required under the ELR to be authorised by
a licence or permit to carry it out (i.e. a person working on service and metering equipment
on behalf of a major network operator).
Apprentices and some new employees require effective supervision for their safety and training and
the safety of others. The responsibility for determining the appropriate level of supervision rests with
the employer and the supervising licensed electrical worker. In deciding on the appropriate level of
supervision for an electrical worker, based on a particular scope of work or task, the supervising
licensed electrical worker must consider all relevant factors including, but not limited to, the
environment, skill levels and type and complexity of the work.
Whether you are an employer, supervising licensed electrical worker or an electrical worker under
supervision, it is important to understand your obligations under the ELR.
ELR regulations 50, 50AA and 50AB provide detailed requirements for effective supervision of workers
for the purpose of preventing danger to life and property.
Effective supervision includes, but is not limited to:
• ensuring that all workers are licensed to carry out the required work;
• adequate job-planning, risk assessment and risk mitigation;
• ensuring the supervising electrical worker has the necessary knowledge and experience
required for the type of work to be undertaken, giving due consideration to the level of training,
knowledge and experience of the electrical worker(s) who are being supervised; and
• managing the number and proximity of electrical workers to enable the required level of
oversight and clear lines of communication.

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3.2 The work environment
Variations in the work environment, whether related directly to electricity supply or not, present
many different circumstances and risks. Supervising electrical workers must assess these risks
when determining safety requirements for the job at hand and the level of supervision appropriate
for the electrical worker.
These include, but are not limited to:
• work type and complexity, e.g. residential, commercial, mining, etc;
• new construction or alteration/addition to an existing installation, the likelihood of the
presence of electrical and non-electrical hazards;
• proximity to energised electrical equipment on the site;
• the voltage and maximum fault current of that equipment;
• adverse weather conditions (if outdoors);
• working at heights;
• location and remoteness of the work site and traveling to and from; and
• fatigue due to working or traveling for long periods.

3.3 Knowledge and skills of the electrical worker

The supervising electrical worker must assess the technical knowledge and practical skills of the
electrical worker or apprentice using information available from both academic and on-the-job
training records.
The level of supervision needed for safe working must reflect this assessment.

3.4 Supervising electrical worker’s competence

Employers must ensure that supervising electrical workers are the holders of a current electrical
worker’s licence or permit and have the necessary competencies and willingness to provide effective
supervision of another electrical worker, including:
• being the holder of a current and appropriate licence or permit that allows the electrical
work to be carried out without supervision;
• appropriate technical knowledge, skills and experience in regard to the particular work to
be performed;
• effective communication skills; and
• preferably, formal training in supervision of other workers.

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3.5 Levels of supervision
Three different levels of supervision are defined in detail in ELR regulation 49D and are briefly
summarised below.

3.5.1 Direct supervision

“Direct” supervision applies where an apprentice requires constant guidance and monitoring by the
supervising electrical worker to ensure the work task is carried out safely and correctly.
A supervising electrical worker provides direct supervision of the electrical work of an apprentice if
the supervising electrical worker:
• is as far as is practicable, present in the immediate work area at all times;
• can observe the work of the apprentice;
• both workers are able to communicate directly;
• is in close proximity to the apprentice at all times while electrical work is carried out on or near
an energised part of an electrical installation (final year of training);
• provides instructions and demonstrates the correct procedures for carrying out the work;
• monitors the work and provide guidance and checks; and
• when the electrical work is complete, checks and tests the work to ensure that the work is safe,
complies with the Regulations and is carried out to a trade finish.

3.5.2 General supervision

“General” supervision applies where the apprentice or Provisional License holder requires periodic
guidance and monitoring to ensure the work task is carried out safely and correctly.
A supervising electrical worker provides general supervision of the electrical work of a supervised
worker if the supervising electrical worker:
• Is present at the place where the electrical work is being carried out, at all times.
• While the electrical work is being carried out:
• provides instruction and direction, as required;
• is readily available to provide advice and guidance;
• periodically monitors the work; and
• checks, as required, that the work complies with the Regulations and is carried out
to a trade finish.
• When the electrical work is complete, checks and tests the work to ensure that the work
is safe, complies with the Regulations and is carried out to a trade finish.
The supervising electrical worker must remain on the same work site as the apprentice or
Provisional License holder and be readily available to provide guidance and assistance.

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3.5.3 Broad supervision
“Broad” supervision applies where the worker does not require ongoing guidance and monitoring while
performing familiar tasks.
A supervising electrical worker provides broad supervision of the electrical work of a supervised worker
if the supervising electrical worker:
• Visits the supervised worker at the place where the electrical work is being carried out, at least
once per day.
• Before the electrical work commences, provides instruction and direction, as required, regarding
the electrical work.
• While the electrical work is being carried out:
• is readily available or contactable to provide advice and guidance; and
• checks, as required, that the work complies with the Regulations and is carried out
to a trade finish.
• When the electrical work is complete, checks and tests the work to ensure that the work is
safe, complies with the Regulations and is carried out to a trade finish.
The supervising electrical worker does not need to remain on the same site as the supervised worker
but must, as a minimum, attend the work daily to provide initial instruction and to verify the electrical
work has been carried out safely and correctly.

3.6 Limit to the number of persons supervised

The number of persons that can be supervised at any time by a supervising electrical worker is limited
dependent upon the level of supervision the person is under.
A supervisor cannot supervise the work of more than two electrical workers who require supervision
if at least one of the workers requires direct supervision.
If the supervisor is NOT providing direct supervision to a worker, then the maximum number of
electrical workers they can supervise is four at any time.

Number of Apprentices Levels of Supervision Permitted

No more than two apprentices One Direct; One Broad or General

No more than four apprentices Four Broad or General combination

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3.6.1 Supervision of apprentices
Before an apprentice commences any electrical work, the supervising electrical worker must:
• Be confident that the apprentice is fit for work.
• Ensure there are no exposed live parts, and the electrical equipment is de-energised and
safe to be worked on or near.
• Clearly instruct the apprentice on which tasks are expected to be undertaken and which tasks must
not be done until instructed on how to do the tasks.
• Confirm that the apprentice understands the work instructions.
• Advise the apprentice which level of supervision applies to the work and confirm the apprentice
understands the limitations that applies to the work.
• Ensure that the apprentice is equipped with the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE) and
tools and understands how to use them correctly.
• Where the equipment has been de-energised to allow work to be carried out on or near, ensure
that the apprentice:
• has applied their personal lock and danger tag at the isolation point(s); and
• has verified by an electrical test that the equipment is de-energised – TEST BEFORE
YOU TOUCH.

3.6.2 Determining the appropriate levels of supervision for apprentices

The following table provides guidance to employers and supervising electrical workers on appropriate
minimum levels of supervision of apprentices at different stages of training and for different work types
(de-energised only), subject to assessment by the supervising electrical worker.

Apprentice Recommended minimum

Type of work (de-energised only)
Training year supervision level
1st General
New electrical installations 2nd General
(not connected to electricity supply) 3rd Broad
4th or final Broad
1st Direct
Maintenance, alterations, and additions to existing
2nd General
electrical installations (isolated and proven
3rd General
de-energised by supervising electrical worker)
4th or final Broad
1st General
Workshop assembly and maintenance of electrical 2nd General
equipment (not connected to electricity supply) 3rd Broad
4th or final Broad
1st Direct
Tag and lockout procedure on de- energised
2nd General
installations and equipment (isolated and proven
3rd General
de-energised by supervising electrical worker)
4th or final Broad
Testing and fault-finding on de- energised 1st Direct
installations and equipment (not connected 2nd Direct
to electricity supply or isolated and proven 3rd General
de-energised by supervising electrical worker) 4th or final General

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The level of guidance required by an apprentice can be expected to diminish gradually over the course
of the apprenticeship, as increasing competence is attained and demonstrated by the apprentice.
However, the appropriate level should be applied at any time based on the supervising electrical worker’s
assessment of the apprentice’s competence to perform each task. For example, a task being performed
for the first time or in an unfamiliar environment in the final year of training may initially require direct
supervision for that particular task.
The levels of supervision applied in practice will vary from the recommended minimum levels subject
to a diligent assessment by the supervising electrical worker of the nature of the work, the specific
circumstances and risks, and the competence of the apprentice to perform the task (i.e. energisation
of equipment – apprentice to verify).
The methodology for assessing the level of supervision for an apprentice (de-energised work only)
is captured within Appendix 3, page 41.

3.6.3 Restrictions for apprentices working on or near energised equipment

Work on or near energised electrical circuits and equipment by any electrical apprentice is prohibited by
the ELR except in certain prescribed circumstances as provided within Section 6.6, page 30.

3.6.4 Testing and fault finding by an apprentice

The ELR permits an electrical apprentice to carry out isolation, testing and fault finding on energised
equipment under strictly limited circumstances as provided within Section 6.6, page 30.

3.7 Level of supervision for holders of provisional licenses

An Electrical Worker’s Electrician’s Provisional License is issued to a person who applies through
an overseas pathway and is required to enable the provisional licence holder to gain up to 12 months
on-the-job practical experience under Western Australian conditions while they complete their
gap training.
The licence authorises them to carry out electrical installing work under general supervision of a
licensed electrician whilst employed by the holder of an Electrical Contractor’s License or In-House
Installing Work License.

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4. D
 angers and
risks when doing
electrical work

There are many dangers that an employee or employer may be exposed to whilst at work
during the course of the working day. These dangers could include both electrical and
non-electrical risks. It is recommended that you take the time to familiarise yourself with
some of these risks by visiting worksafe.wa.gov.au/work-health-and-safety-guides.

4.1 Managing risk using the hierarchy of control

The hierarchy of control can be used as an effective tool to deal with health and safety issues at work.
You should use control measures from as high on the hierarchy of control list as possible. If that is
not possible the next option down the list or a combination of the measures should be implemented.
The least effective control measure is the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and it should be
used as a last resort or as a support to other control measures to minimise the consequence or severity
of an accident. Information and training should be integrated with all levels of control to explain how
controls work.

Most effective
Eliminate

Substitute

Isolate
Provide
Engineering information
and training

Administrative

PPE

Least effective
Hierarchy of control

Figure 1: Hierarchy of control

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4.2 Electrical risks

The most common electrical risks and causes of injury

Electric shock causing Burns from arcing, Fire resulting from

injury or death explosion or fire an electrical fault

Figure 2: Common electrical risks and cause of injury

It only requires a very small failure of a work practice, such as a slip with a screwdriver or a dropped tool,
for such accidents to occur. These risks will be discussed in more detail in the following sections:

4.2.1 Electric shock

The human body is a conductor of electricity. A current will flow
through body tissues when contact is made simultaneously with
two objects which are at different voltage potentials. For example, if
two terminals of different voltage potential are grasped, one in each
hand, current will flow through the body from hand to hand. A similar
effect will be produced if only the active is touched and the person
is in contact with earth or conducting material in contact with earth.
Contact may also be made by tracking through or across a medium
(e.g. wet areas), or by arcing.
Electric shock is the effect produced on the body, particularly the
nervous system, by an electrical current. The effect varies depending upon the magnitude, path and
frequency of the current and the duration of contact, (even the briefest contact with electricity can have
serious consequences). If the current magnitude is within a certain range and its path traverses the heart
region, the normal rhythm of the heart can be interrupted. In this state, known as ventricular fibrillation,
the heart contracts randomly and cannot maintain blood circulation. Return to normal rhythm rarely
occurs spontaneously and if the condition persists for more than a few minutes, the result is almost
certain to be fatal.
Electric shock may also stop the heart completely and/or the victim’s breathing. “Electrocution” means
death resulting from an electric shock. It is recommended that anyone who has experienced an electric
shock presents to a medical facility as soon as possible for an ECG no matter how minor the shock is.
Electricity supply systems in Australia typically operate at 230 volts AC phase to earth and 400 volts AC
phase to phase. A shock at these voltages can be fatal. Hence, it is essential that adequate precautions
are taken to ensure no person comes into contact with any ‘live’ electrical equipment or conductors.
A high-voltage shock (of 1,000 volts or more) may inflict other forms of serious injury, such as severe
burns and organ failure. Under normal circumstances, voltages below 50 volts AC generally are not
harmful to humans.

18 | Building and Energy Western Australia

However, they must still be treated with respect, especially in wet or polluted areas. Direct Current (DC)
is also hazardous and although the effects are similar to AC, the magnitude of safe body current and
duration differs to that for AC.
The physiological effects of electric shock based on magnitude and duration are shown within
Appendix 2, page 40.
Further guidance on the risk of electric shocks, considering different contact scenarios, voltages
and durations can be found in:
• AS/NZS 60479.1 – Effects of current on human beings and livestock.

4.2.2 Residual Current Devices (RCDs)

RCDs on fixed or portable socket outlets provide additional protection
against electrocution. They are designed to reduce the risk by detecting
an imbalance between active and neutral conductors and automatically
disconnecting the circuit, limiting the magnitude and duration of the
current that flows through the body to earth when a shock occurs.
They provide protection against electrocution, but they do not prevent
the shock from happening in the first place.
RCDs are extremely effective at protecting ordinary persons who may
come into contact with live exposed conductive parts of electrical
appliances. In this contact scenario, the touch voltage will almost
certainly appear between a part of the body in contact with the appliance
and earth, causing the RCD to operate as it was designed.
Under certain fault scenarios, RCDs have limitations on how they work and are somewhat ineffective.
Electrical workers are more likely to encounter these scenarios if working on or near live parts of
an installation or of an appliance that are not accessible to ordinary persons. RCDs will not provide
protection under the following conditions, because there is likely to be insufficient residual current to
operate the RCD:
• A person connected between phase and neutral conductors.
• A person bridging an open circuit active conductor.
• A person bridging an open circuit neutral conductor.
RCDs should not be relied upon as the sole means for preventing electrocution while undertaking
electrical work. The circuits or equipment to be worked on must be disconnected from all sources of
electricity supply, the isolation points physically secured to prevent inadvertent re-energisation, and
proven to be de-energised before the work is commenced. Where work on or near energised electrical
equipment is the only option (i.e. testing or fault finding), the work shall be done in accordance with
Section 6: Working on or near energised electrical equipment.
RCD protection must be provided in the workplace as required by:
• Regulation 164.2 of the WHS Regulations; and
• Technical standard AS/NZS 3012 Electrical installations – Construction and demolition sites.
Where used on handheld tools and equipment RCDs should be tested for correct operation before
commencing work.

Safe working guidelines for electrical workers and apprentices 2025 | 19

4.2.3 Arc flash
An arc flash is a hazard that can cause serious injury or death. An arc
fault occurs when current flows through the air between electrically
conductive parts. It is an unexpected, violent, electrical short circuit
that ionizes the air to create a plasma cloud of molten metal at
temperatures up to 20,000°C. In extreme cases, it can also result in a
pressure wave that creates a deafening noise that can result in hearing
loss or, in extreme cases, even break bones.
The risk of injury from arcing or explosion is extreme when high fault
currents are present. This typically applies to low-voltage circuits close
to transformers or switchboards, where the electrical protection may
only detect and interrupt an arcing fault slowly or not at all.
Arcing faults can occur at any time for a variety of reasons. However, they generally occur as a result
of an external influence which, typically, may involve the actions of a worker, for example, during
maintenance or whilst operating electrical equipment.
Employers, licensed electrical workers and owners of electrical installations can all play an important
part in the effective management of arc flash hazards by initiating:
• An assessment of the risk of arc flash in accordance with IEEE 1584 or similar standards.
• Determine the likelihood of personnel being exposed to an arc flash event with consideration
of the work tasks being performed.
Treat the risk using the hierarchy of controls:
• Eliminate the exposure by only interacting with de-energised and isolated equipment.
• Substitute manual operating systems for automated systems.
• Isolate personnel from the hazard by using equipment designed for arc fault containment
or using barriers to keep people away whilst the equipment is energised.
• Using engineering controls to redesign the equipment of parts of the installation such as
fast acting electrical protection systems.
• Administrative controls such as labelling equipment within substation or switchgear rooms,
installing visible arc boundaries, developing company policies with respect to live work, work
procedures, training and restricting access to live parts of an at-risk installation.
• The use of suitable PPE is the least effective control on its own but can be effective at reducing the
severity of injuries by providing a heat proof barrier over the body parts exposed to the arc flash,
but PPE becomes ineffective at high fault levels where the pressure wave and impact from airborne
debris can be fatal. PPE must be used in combination with other controls (such as fast acting
protection systems) where working on or near energised equipment cannot be avoided.
This guideline supports the objectives of legislation that aims to provide a safe work environment for
electrical workers but only briefly covers the topic of arc flash.
More detailed guidance, as required to develop safe work practices and to select the appropriate PPE,
can be found within the following publications:
• Arc Flash Hazard Guidelines, available at energycouncil.com.au; and
• International Standard IEEE 1584-2018 – Guide to performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations,
available at standards.ieee.org.

20 | Building and Energy Western Australia

4.2.4 Electrical fires
Electrical workers may not be the only ones at risk from electrical fires.
Faulty electrical equipment or wiring and poor standards of work can
lead to fires that may cause injury or death to ordinary persons using
the installation as well as property loss.
The following are likely causes of electrical fires:
• Arc flash.
• Short circuits.
• Lack of routine maintenance and damaged or faulty equipment.
• Old or defective wiring.
• Loose connections, faulty switchgear or fuse gear.
• Imbalanced electrical loads.
• Overheating due to overloaded circuits.
• Poorly designed protection systems or ineffective protection settings.
Installing equipment in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, that is fit for purpose, has
the appropriate rating and is compliant with the relevant industry standards ensures an installation
that is fit for purpose and poses very little risk to its end-users.
When installing equipment ensure passive fire prevention methods such as sealing of cable entries,
fire barriers and fire-resistant coatings, where required by the National Construction Code, are installed
and remain intact upon completion of all electrical installing work.
Additional information on wiring systems and a copy of the National Construction Code can be found in
the following:
• AS/NZS 3000 – Section 3, selection and installation of wiring systems;
• AS/NZS 3013 – Classification of fire and mechanical performance of wiring system elements;
• AS/NZS 3008 – Selection of cables; and
• National Construction Code, visit ncc.abcb.gov.au.

Safe working guidelines for electrical workers and apprentices 2025 | 21

4.3 Non-electrical risks
Some of the most common non-electrical risks that workers within the electrical industry can be
exposed to whilst at work are:

4.3.1 Asbestos
Asbestos was previously used within the electricity industry in a
number of industrial and residential
areas such as switch board panels, ceilings, roofs, fencing, floor
coverings, laggings, sprayed insulation and in many other areas where
a non-conductive, heat resistant material was needed.
Inhalation of asbestos fibres can cause asbestosis, lung cancer and
mesothelioma. Asbestos is a serious issue for Australia and will
continue to be so for many years, despite the ban on new uses of
asbestos in 2003.
Managing and working with asbestos requires strict controls, in
accordance with the WorkSafe codes of practices:
• how to manage and control asbestos in the workplace; and
• how to safely remove asbestos.
For more information on how to identify and deal with asbestos in the workplace, visit
worksafe.wa.gov.au/asbestos.

4.3.2 Poisoning
Burning and arcing associated with electrical equipment may
release various harmful gases and contaminants. Inhalation of
these dangerous products may cause short-term or chronic
illness or result in death from suffocation.
For more information on how to identify and deal with
dangerous chemicals in the workplace, visit
worksafe.wa.gov.au/guidance-about-hazardous-chemicals.
Some of these dangerous chemicals are briefly discussed in
the following sections.

4.3.2.1 Mercury
Mercury is used in batteries, metering equipment, sensors, floodlights, streetlights, and florescent
lights. Mercury is liquid at room temperature and is easily vaporised at ambient temperatures.
When mercury is released into the atmosphere it can be very toxic to humans and enters the
food chain where it eventually travels to the oceans and is commonly detected in seafood.
Items that contain mercury need to be handled carefully, whilst using the appropriate PPE,
to ensure its container remains intact. All items that contain mercury, including light globes,
should be recovered as hazardous waste and not disposed of as general waste or in land fill.
For more information on how to identify and deal with mercury at home or in the workplace,
read the Clean-up guide for small mercury spills in the home, available at healthywa.wa.gov.au.

22 | Building and Energy Western Australia

 4.3.2.2 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of synthetic chlorinated organic compounds used
in oils for their good insulating and fire-resistant properties. PCBs have been used in many industrial
products such as capacitors and transformers. PCBs have now been classified as Group 1,
Carcinogenic to Humans.
For more information on how to identify and deal with PCBs in the workplace, visit
worksafe.wa.gov.au/publications/safe-handling-pcbs.

4.3.2.3 Sulphur hexafluoride gas (SF6)

Some high voltage switchgear uses sulphur hexafluoride gas (SF6) as an insulating medium. SF6 may
irritate the lungs causing coughing and/or shortness of breath. Higher exposures can cause a build-up
of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency, with severe shortness of breath.
If released into a switch room, SF6 gas can displace the air causing suffocation to anyone who enters
the room. SF6 is also a very stable chemical, with an atmospheric lifetime greater than 1,000 years.
As the gas is emitted, it accumulates in the atmosphere and remains in an un-degraded state for
many centuries. Thus, a relatively small amount of SF6 can have a significant impact on global
climate change. All emissions of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) are reportable in accordance with
National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007.
For more information on how to identify and deal with SF6 gas in the workplace, read the
Reporting hydrofluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride gases guideline, available at cer.gov.au.

4.3.3 Falls
Falls from ladders, scaffolds or other elevated work platforms
can occur whilst working at heights and as a direct consequence
of an electric shock or arc blast, potentially resulting in serious
injury or death.
For additional guidance on how to manage the risk of falls at a
workplace, visit worksafe.wa.gov.au/publications/managing-risk-
falls-workplaces-code-practice.

4.3.4 Excavation
Installation of cable systems, switchboards, substations and other
equipment outdoors generally involves some sort of excavation.
Excavation failure occurs very quickly, giving a worker virtually
no time to escape, especially if the collapse is extensive and the
excavation is a deep trench. This can result in potentially fatal
crush injuries or suffocation.
WorkSafe has published a code of practice that sets out industry-
wide guidelines for establishing and maintaining a safe working
environment wherever excavation, including trenching, is carried out.
For more information on excavation safety, visit
worksafe.wa.gov.au/publications/code-practice-excavation.

Safe working guidelines for electrical workers and apprentices 2025 | 23

5. Safe working
practices

The following can be used as a guide for employers or licensed electrical workers who
develop safe work practices:

5.1 Before starting work

• Plan the job carefully, including a risk assessment and isolation requirements.
• Ensure all workers have the appropriate PPE for the task and its condition is in good working order.
PPE will provide only limited protection from electrical risks such as electric shock,
arc flash and arc blast.
• If work is in the vicinity of energised electrical equipment and if required by the risk assessment,
ensure workers have a low voltage (LV) rescue kit.
• Check if the upstream electrical protection has a maintenance setting that enables an immediate
circuit trip if any fault occurs.
• Confirm permission to isolate (comply with any access or vicinity permit system applicable to the
site or the owner / operator of the electrical installation).
• Isolate the electrical equipment or circuit.
• Secure the isolation by fitting personal locks and “Danger” or “Out of Service” tags (as applicable) on
the isolating device(s).
• Erect safety barriers where required.
• Cover adjacent live apparatus with insulating barriers where required to do so by the risk
assessment.
• TEST BEFORE YOU TOUCH:
• always test for no voltage before starting work;
• check test instruments before and after every test;
• always test for the presence of a touch voltage before making contact with exposed conductive
parts of switchboards or other equipment; and
• if a volt stick detects a voltage on exposed metallic parts use and independent earth
to confirm a dangerous touch voltage is present, then isolate the circuit immediately.
Where safe isolation is not possible barricade to make safe and call the network
operator to isolate the supply to the installation.
• Ensure test instruments are fit for purpose and adequately rated (e.g. Category IV for service
entry level, etc).
• Use the correct earthing equipment.
• Start work only when authorised to do so.

24 | Building and Energy Western Australia

5.2 When working
• Always wear the PPE required for the work.
• Use only the correct tools and safety equipment suitable for the work.
• Never put yourself or others at risk.
• Use safety observers where required.
• Never rely on your memory about work conditions – if unsure about anything, check visually
or re-test.
• Disconnect conductors in order – the active first, the neutral second and the earth last.
• Connect conductors in order – the earth first, then the neutral and the active last.
• Ensure electrical connections are properly torqued to the equipment manufacturer’s
specified settings.
• For electrical connections on equipment that may be subject to vibrations, mark fasteners with a
texter or a punch so loose connections can be visually identified. Clamp cables into place to prevent
movement and don’t rely on electrical connections to mechanically support cables.
• Check equipment nameplates to ensure correct ratings.
• Do the “tug test” on cables after they have been terminated and before energisation to ensure
the connection is sound and there is no movement.
• Check the isolation points and re-test before resuming work after a break – TEST BEFORE
YOU TOUCH.

5.3 On completion of the work

• Check that tools are not left on or in the job.
• Remove personal earthing equipment (where applicable).
• Check that the work is complete and has been tested.
• Notify all personnel directly involved in the work that the equipment will be energised.
• Remove your “Danger” or “Out of Service” tags and locks.
• Check all “Danger” tags, “Out of Service” tags, earths and locks have been removed by
other workers.
• Remove and store all safety barriers and other equipment.
• Relinquish your work permit (if relevant).
• Follow all testing and commissioning procedures.
• Wear the correct PPE required for switching operations based on the risk and fault levels.
• Energise equipment and confirm correct operation, including restoration of normal
electrical protection settings (if applicable).

Safe working guidelines for electrical workers and apprentices 2025 | 25

5.4 General safety practices
• Keep a well maintained first aid kit handy.
• Know the electric shock and resuscitation procedure.
• Know where fire extinguishers are located and how to operate them.
• Keep exit and egress paths clear and free from obstruction.
• Know the correct type of fire extinguisher for the various types of fires.
• Keep your workplace clean and orderly.
• When working near energised electrical equipment, have an LV rescue kit for immediate use
if required.
• Report all electrical accidents to your employer (who must report the accident immediately to
the relevant network operator).

5.5 Tools
• Use the correct tools for the job at hand.
• Regularly check, clean and maintain all tools and equipment and recertify (where applicable).
• Use residual current devices (RCDs) when using plug-in electric tools.
• Use insulated ladders.
• Use approved safety harnesses and other equipment.
• Use non-conducting tape measures when working on or near electrical equipment.

26 | Building and Energy Western Australia

6. W
 orking on or
near energised
electrical equipment

Work on or near energised electrical equipment is generally prohibited and should be avoided
whenever possible. Electrical installing work must not be carried out on or near energised
equipment except in the circumstances and manner as defined in ELR regulations 49 and 55.
ELR regulation 55 does not apply to electrical work carried out by or on behalf of a major
network operator on or near their service apparatus.

The limited circumstances in which energised work is

permitted and the strict precautions that are required to
maintain safe working conditions are prescribed in:
• Work Health and Safety Regulations 2022
(WHS Regulations);
• Regulation 49 and 55 of the Electrical
(Licensing) Regulations 1991; and
• Code of Practice for Persons Working on
or Near Energised Electrical Installations
(published by Building and Energy),
available at wa.gov.au/government/publications/
code-of-practice-persons-working-or-near-energised-
electrical-installations.
Industry standard AS/NZS 4836 – Safe working on or near
low-voltage and extra low voltage electrical installations
and equipment provides principles, guidelines, practices
and recommended safe working procedures for work on
or near energised electrical equipment. Whilst this industry
standard can be used by employers and supervisors to
develop their own working procedures the definitions of
“working on or near” differ somewhat to the requirements
within the ELR. Where this conflict in terms or words exist,
the definitions within Legislation shall prevail.
The exceptions and approach to restricted work on
energised electrical equipment, as required by the ELR,
are summarised in the following sections for ease
of reference.

Safe working guidelines for electrical workers and apprentices 2025 | 27

6.1 Exceptions for working on or near energised electrical equipment
Work on or near energised electrical equipment may only be undertaken where the supervising licensed
electrical worker has determined it is the only practical option because:
• A risk assessment has been completed by a competent person, who is familiar with the type of
work to be carried out, is satisfied that there is no alternative to working live. For example:
• it is necessary that the electrical equipment to be worked on is energised in order for the work to
be carried out effectively (e.g. testing, commissioning, switching, fault-finding); or
• de-energising that part of the installation would put the health and safety of a person at
significant risk (e.g. it may be necessary for life- saving equipment to remain energised
and operating while electrical work is carried out on the premises).
• And the risk assessment demonstrates that the risks can be reduced to a minimum practical level
and the work can be performed safely.
• If Regulation 299 of the Work Health and Safety (General) Regulations 2022 (that covers high risk
construction work) does not apply to the work, then a safe work method statement must still be
prepared in accordance with regulation 299(2) and (3) of those regulations (as if the work were
high-risk construction work and is to be done at a construction site).
• Suitable safety and personal protective equipment are used by the persons carrying out the work.
Note: Loss of production by itself is not a satisfactory reason for working on energised equipment.

6.2 Safe approach to carrying out live electrical work

Where work on energised equipment is the only option, the required approach to carrying out the work
is set out in the following documents:
• Regulation 55 of the Electricity (Licensing) Regulations 1991; and
• Regulation 148 of the Work Health and Safety Regulations 2022.
A comprehensive risk assessment must be conducted by a competent person, who may be the
supervising electrical worker. The risk assessment must consider, but not be limited to:
• the fault level;
• specific arc flash containment within the design of the equipment;
• if the designer of the equipment or installation intended to allow it to be worked on live and
the manufacturers or designers’ recommendations/procedures for how maintenance and
repair work is to be done live are to be followed;
• likely direction of an arc blast; and
• adequacy of electrical protection settings.
The identified risks and control measures implemented must be documented in a written “safe work
method statement” and a record kept for at least two years after the work is completed.
The work must be undertaken only in accordance with the pre-determined work method, and further
detailed guidance that is provided in the Code of Practice for Persons working on or near energised
electrical installations.

28 | Building and Energy Western Australia

6.3 Work in roof spaces
The WHS Regulations generally prohibit non-electrical workers entering the roof spaces of buildings
unless the electrical installation is de-energised.
Persons licensed to carry out electrical installing work may enter a roof space without de-energising the
electrical installation provided the conditions of ELR regulation 55(2) are satisfied. A risk assessment
must be performed to determine the risk level and appropriate risk control measures documented in a
safe work method statement and implemented.
However, where the work is done on the installation in a de-energised state, additional care shall be
taken after isolating the network supply and in-built energy sources (such as direct or inverter connected
generators and batteries to the extent that isolation facilities permit), because energised cables and
equipment may still be present on roofs, in ceiling spaces and wall cavities. These live cables may be
associated with:
• network service apparatus;
• on site generators or batteries (including PVs and renewable energy sources); and
• terminals within the switchboard and other electrical enclosures.
When working on alterations to existing electrical installations, (particularly those with in-built energy
sources), extra care is required to ensure that workers are not exposed to the risk of contact with
energised wiring or equipment even when the circuit(s) to be worked on have been de-energised.
For more information about working in roof spaces, visit worksafe.wa.gov.au/publications/guidance-
note-working-roof-spaces.

6.4 P
 recautions required for installations with embedded generators
or batteries
When working on installations with in-built energy sources (such as direct or inverter connected
generators and batteries), extra care is required to ensure that workers are not exposed to the risk
of contact with energised wiring or equipment even when the network supply has been isolated.
Generation equipment may have on board batteries and protection or control circuits that remain
live after the main supply has been isolated. These circuits may operate at hazardous voltages.
Where present, signage and additional isolators should be installed and operated to allow both
electrical (and non-electrical workers where appropriate) to work safely on relevant parts of the
generator without the risk of electric shocks or injury because a remote start operation has
been initiated.

Safe working guidelines for electrical workers and apprentices 2025 | 29

6.5 Work near overhead power lines
An employer, or a person with control of, a workplace must ensure that parts of a worker’s body or any
plant, vehicle, tools, equipment or material used or controlled by the worker does not enter the danger
zone of an overhead power line.
The danger zone of an overhead power line is:
• anywhere that is at the same height as, higher than, or not more than the specified distance
lower than, the power line conductors; and
• is directly above or below, or not more than the specified distance to either side of, the power
line conductors.
The specified distance for the danger zone is within three metres for an overhead power line carrying
electricity at a nominal voltage of not more than 33,000 volts and six metres for an overhead power line
carrying electricity at a nominal voltage of more than 33,000 volts.

6.6 Restrictions on apprentices working on or near energised equipment

Work on or near energised electrical circuits and equipment by any electrical worker is prohibited by
the Electricity (Licensing) Regulations 1991 except in certain prescribed circumstances and subject to
performing a detailed risk assessment and formal documentation of a safe work method statement.

6.6.1 Testing and fault finding

The ELR permits an electrical apprentice to carry out isolation, testing and fault finding on
energised equipment in the following strictly limited circumstances (in combination):
• only in the final year of training;
• only if assessed by the supervising electrical worker as being competent to perform the
task safely; and
• only under direct supervision, with the supervising electrical worker in close proximity
to the apprentice for the duration of the task.
In all cases, the supervising electrical worker is responsible for the risk assessment, safe
work method statement, instruction and direct supervision of the apprentice and final verification
and testing of the work.
The limited circumstances in which energised work is permitted and the strict precautions that are
required to maintain safe working conditions are prescribed in the previous sections of this document.

30 | Building and Energy Western Australia

7. E
 lectrical isolation
and de-energisation
of equipment
Before commencing any electrical work, the circuits or equipment to be worked on must be
disconnected from all sources of electricity supply, the isolation points physically secured to
prevent inadvertent re-energisation, and proven to be de-energised.
It is essential that all apprentices observe the de-energisation procedure. Once appropriately
trained (within the fourth year of the apprenticeship), they must take part in and safely
perform (under direct supervision) the de-energisation procedure in order to gain a sound
working knowledge of this essential safe working practice.

7.1 Essential steps for effective de-energisation

Principles and safe practices for the effective de-energisation of electrical circuits and equipment
are provided in Building and Energy’s Code of Practice for persons working on or near energised
electrical installations, available at wa.gov.au/government/publications/code-of-practice-persons-
working-or-near-energised-electrical-installations.

Equipment is energised

Actions Required

1. Isolate Identify and disconnect all sources of electricity:

• switch of isolator/circuit breaker; and
• remove fuses or other components.

2. Secure Secure the isolation:

• lock isolator/circuit breaker in “OFF” position; and
• fit danger tag at isolation point.

3. Test Test that equipment is de-energised:

• check test instrument with known voltage source;
• test equipment is de-energised; and
Equipment is de-energised • re-check test instrument with same voltage source.

Figure 3: Key steps of Building and Energy’s Code of Practice

Safe working guidelines for electrical workers and apprentices 2025 | 31

7.2 Securing the isolation with locks
Where a facility exists to lock a switch in the “OFF” position, it must be used. Where a facility does not
exist, a portable lock-out device (“lock dog”) must be fitted to the switch mechanism to prevent closing.
Locks are for the safety of personnel and:
• they must be uniquely keyed so that they can be fitted and removed only by the person owning
the lock;
• all persons involved in carrying out the work must fit their own lock at the same isolation point(s).
This may require the use of a multi-lock security device;
• They must be clearly labelled (with a personal identification tag or Danger tag) to identify the owner
and the nature of the electrical work being undertaken; and
• they must be removed upon completion of work or at the end of the shift (if the work will be
continued by others, who must fit their own locks).

7.3 Danger tags

A Danger tag on an item of equipment is a warning to all
persons that the equipment must not be operated, as lives DANGER DANGER
may be placed in danger.
DO NOT DO NOT
OPERATE
Danger tags are for the safety of personnel and: OPERATE
THIS DEVICE
OR REMOVE
• they must be attached in a prominent position
Name:
THIS TAG Company:

at each isolation point; My Life May be Endangered

Contact Details:

Date:
• they must be fitted and removed only by the
This tag MUST NOT be removed This tag MUST NOT be removed
person who signed the tag; except by the person
named above or,
except by the person
named above or,
as provided under an as provided under an

• all persons involved in carrying out the work approved procedure approved procedure

SEE OTHER SIDE

must fit their own Danger tag at the same
isolation point(s); and
• they must be removed upon completion of
the work or at the end of the shift (if the work
will be continued by others, who must fit their
own Danger tags).

7.4 Out-of-service tags

This tag is used to identify appliances or equipment that
are out of operation for repairs or alterations or are still in OUT OF OUT OF
the process of being installed. While an Out-of-Service tag SERVICE SERVICE
is fitted, the appliance or equipment must not be operated. DO NOT USE DO NOT USE
OR OPERATE OR OPERATE
Out-of-Service tags are for the safety of personnel and Placed by:

security of equipment and must be: NAME:

This Tag
MUST NOT
• attached in a prominent position at the point of ORGANISATION:
be removed
unless
isolation of the appliance or equipment that is being DATE:
authorised by
worked on; and REASON:
a competent
person
• fitted and removed only by authorised persons.

32 | Building and Energy Western Australia

8. P
 ersonal protective
equipment (PPE)

The use of protective clothing and equipment is an essential part of working safely.
Many electrical workers have avoided serious injury or death because of the clothes and
other PPE they were wearing at the time.

8.1 General PPE requirements

Appropriate clothing and PPE provide some (limited) level of protection from:
• electric shock;
• flash burns resulting from an arcing fault; and
• mechanical impacts and cuts from sharp objects.
PPE must comply with the relevant legislation and Australian or International technical standards.
In particular:
• the WHS Regulations – provide general requirements and technical standards for PPE
used in Western Australia;
• AS/NZS 4836 – Safe working on or near low-voltage and extra low voltage electrical
installations and equipment, (Section 11) provides a selection guide for PPE for various
types of electrical work; and
• the Energy Networks Australia publication ENA NENS 09-2014 – national guideline for the selection,
use and maintenance of personal protective equipment for arc hazards.

Safe working guidelines for electrical workers and apprentices 2025 | 33

8.2 Responsibilities
8.2.1 Employer’s responsibilities
The employer must:
• ensure their employees wear suitable everyday work clothes and footwear and must provide the
necessary additional protective equipment to enable employees to carry out their work safely;
• provide additional safety equipment required for specific electrical work tasks, such as insulated
gloves, insulated covers/barriers and thermally rated clothing; and
• ensure that employees are trained in the correct use and care of their PPE so that it provides the
level of protection intended.

8.2.2 Electrical workers’ responsibilities

Employees must wear suitable clothes and footwear at all times and use the additional protective
equipment provided for the work in the correct manner.
Every electrical worker must ensure that:
• they always use PPE appropriate for the work undertaken;
• their co-workers also use the appropriate PPE; and
• they maintain their PPE in good condition and replace any defective items.

8.3 Basic PPE

Information about basic (minimum) items of PPE is provided in the following sections, for easy reference
and guidance.

8.3.1 Safety footwear

Safety footwear shall be suitable for the work environment and provide
protection from:
• falling objects and sharp objects;
• be non-slip; and
• protect against electric shock and must be non-conductive.
Safety footwear shall comply with AS/NZS 2210 – Safety footwear.

34 | Building and Energy Western Australia

8.3.2 Safety glasses
Safety glasses provide protection from flying objects caused
by activities such as grinding and cutting and electrical arcs
(limited protection only).
Safety glasses must have non-conductive frames and comply
with AS/NZS 1337 – Personal protective equipment, eye and
face protection.

8.3.3 Work gloves

Work gloves provide protection from mechanical impact in relation to
tools, equipment and work materials. Gloves must:
• have no conductive fasteners such as zips or studs; and
• be made of durable material appropriate for the
required work.
Work gloves shall comply with AS/NZS 2161 – Industrial safety gloves
and mittens.
Insulated gloves should be worn in conjunction with cotton inner
gloves and an outer pair of protective gloves such as goat skin that
must be replaced when damaged to ensure ongoing integrity of
the insulated gloves. Insulated gloves must be tested and replaced
periodically as required by AS 60903.
Insulated gloves shall comply with and be tested in accordance with
AS 60903 – Live working electrical insulating gloves.

8.3.4 Safety helmets

Many work sites require safety helmets to be worn at all times.
They provide protection from contact with overhead wires, structures
and falling objects.
All helmets must:
• provide protection against mechanical impacts and sharp
objects; and
• be non-conductive.
Helmets shall comply with AS/NZS 1801 – Industrial safety helmets.
In some weather conditions, where there is no risk of falling objects
making contact with the worker’s head, a more appropriate form of sun protection may be required.

Safe working guidelines for electrical workers and apprentices 2025 | 35

8.3.5 Protective clothing
Many work sites require full body cover protective clothing to
be worn at all times. This is also required for certain types of
electrical work, such as testing and fault-finding.
Clothing provides some (limited) level of protection from electric
arcing/flash burns, flying or falling objects and electric shock.
Protective clothing for electrical work should cover the body
completely and:
• be of material with properties equivalent to 185gsm
100 per cent cotton drill or better;
• have non-conductive and concealed buttons;
• have sleeves to wrist length; and
• have legs reaching to the footwear.
Additional care should be taken to ensure clothing is reasonably
close fitting and remains fastened to avoid catching or
entanglement. This is particularly important when working in
the vicinity of any moving machinery or rotating equipment.

8.3.6 Additional PPE

For general work, other types of PPE commonly required are:
• hearing protection (earplugs or earmuffs); and
• respiratory protection (breathing masks).
Additional PPE should be considered for some types of electrical work, such as testing and fault-finding.
Depending on the assessment of the risks involved, this may include:
• flame retardant clothing;
• insulated gloves;
• arc rated equipment – clothing, gloves, face shield, etc;
• insulating covers/mats;
• low voltage (LV) rescue kit; and
• safety harness.
Advice on fire rated PPE can be found within the Energy Council’s Electrical Arc Flash Hazard Guidelines,
available at energycouncil.com.au.

36 | Building and Energy Western Australia

9. R
 escue and
resuscitation

All electrical workers and their assistants should have current rescue and resuscitation
skills. The ELR regulation 32E requires a licensed electrician to have completed an initial
CPR training course within three years of obtaining a license. Refresher training is required
on a three yearly basis however, most training service providers recommend annual
refresher training.
The recommended method of CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is that published by the
Australian Resuscitation Council in Guideline 8 – Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, available at
anzcor.org/home/basic-life-support.
Detailed steps in the recommended CPR method are subject to variation from time to time.
All electrical workers should regularly refresh their knowledge of the procedures (recommended annually).
Further information and training in rescue and resuscitation procedures is available from recognised
training providers.
Guideline 8 – Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation has been replicated within Appendix 4, page 42.

Safe working guidelines for electrical workers and apprentices 2025 | 37

10. R
 eporting and
investigation of
electrical accidents

Regulation 63 of the ELR, requires the reporting of electrical accidents, including electrical shocks.
An electrical accident means an accident that:
• results from a sudden discharge of electricity or that otherwise has, or is likely to have,
an electrical origin; and
• causes, or is likely to cause, danger to life, a shock or injury to a person or loss of or damage
to property.

10.1 Duties of an employer

Immediately after a person becomes aware that an electrical accident has taken place, the person is to
report the accident to the following:
a) The relevant electricity network operator. The relevant network operator’s contact details can be
found within the appropriate section of the Western Australian Electrical Requirements (WAER)
via wa.gov.au/organisation/building-and-energy/information-electrical-licence-holders.
b) If the person is unable to identify the relevant network operator, report the accident to the
Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety via FREECALL 1800 678 198
(all hours).
c) The employer must also notify WorkSafe about electrical accidents as prescribed in Section 38
of the Work Health and Safety Act 2020 if the accident occurs at a workplace. To notify WorkSafe
phone FREECALL 1800 678 198 (all hours).

10.2 Duties of an employee

Immediately after an employee becomes aware that an electrical accident has taken place at the
employee’s workplace, he or she is to report the accident to the employer concerned and the employer
is then to report the accident.

10.3 Investigations of electrical accidents

Electricity network operators and Building and Energy investigate all electrical accidents, including
electric shocks. In this way, the cause of the incident can be determined, and actions can be taken to
minimise the risk of a recurrence.
Regulation 63A of the ELR makes it an offence if a person does anything at the location where an
electrical accident has occurred with the intention of hindering or obstructing an investigation.
However, where possible without disturbing the scene, and without placing yourself at risk, you can
assist an investigator by taking and providing photos or videos of things that have contributed to the
accident such as failed or faulty equipment or unsafe installations.

38 | Building and Energy Western Australia

Appendix 1 Assessment and testing of
apprentice’s knowledge of
workplace safety

Assessment guidelines
The ELR require apprentices to be assessed as having adequate knowledge of safety principles and
practices prior to obtaining an electrician’s training license. Regulation 22(3) states: A licence endorsed
as an electrician’s training licence shall not be issued to a person unless the Board is satisfied that the
person has been assessed as satisfactory in relation to safety in the manner approved by the Board.
In accordance with these guidelines, the employer is responsible for:
1) Providing the apprentice with a copy of this booklet.
2) Carrying out an interview to assess whether the apprentice:
a) understands his/her and other’s safety responsibilities as detailed in this booklet, including:
i) apparel and personal protective equipment (required to perform the job safely); and
ii) supervision requirements (work he/she can carry out without supervision and when
he/she requires supervision).
b) has a sound knowledge of rescue and resuscitation procedures.
3) s
 upervising a written test (Apprentice Safety Assessment Test) of the apprentice or arranging
to have an independent assessor carry out the test.
4) c
 ompleting the Apprentice Safety Assessment Report Form and providing it to the Electrical
Licensing Board.
5) e
 nsuring that the apprentice attends a basic course (minimum) in CPR by a reputable service
provider within one month of engagement. Relying on gaining this essential knowledge from this
booklet or other means is not sufficient.
Eligibility to conduct interview and test
The person conducting the assessment (the assessor) must be an electrician, licensed to carry out
the electrical work without supervision for which the apprentice is to be indentured.
Assessment
The assessor will evaluate the responses to the test questions. A score of at least 80 per cent correct
answers must be achieved, with satisfactory responses in the general interview, to enable the assessor
to assure the Electrical Licensing Board that the apprentice’s knowledge of trade safety justifies the
issue of an electrician’s training license.
If the assessor is confident that the apprentice meets the requirements (based on the results of the
interview and the written test), the Assessment Report is to be completed. On the other hand, if the
assessor is not confident about the apprentice’s competence, the apprentice should be given more
time and instruction and then be reassessed.
The Apprentice assessment safety guidelines test and report forms are available at
wa.gov.au/government/publications/apprentice-safety-assessment-guidelines-test-and-report.

Safe working guidelines for electrical workers and apprentices 2025 | 39

Appendix 2 Physiological effects
of electric shock

The likely physiological effects of electric shock on a healthy adult are illustrated in the following two
figures. This graph explains the effects on the human body for a left hand-to-feet contact scenario with
variations in the amount of alternating electric current (AC) at 50Hz flowing and time of exposure:

10 sec

5 sec

Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 4 5 Zone 6

2 sec

1 sec
DURATION OF CURRENT FLOW

500 ms

200 ms

100 ms NOTE: The standard

30mA RCD operates within
50 ms
300 milliseconds for a
circuit current imbalance
20 ms
of 30mA, providing
10 ms effective protection
0.1 mA 0.2 mA 0.5 mA 1 mA 2 mA 5 mA 10 mA 20 mA 50 mA 100 mA 200 mA 500 mA 1 amp 2 amp 5 amp 10 amp
against potentially
BODY CURRENT See note
lethal high body currents
(Zones 3, 4, 5 and 6).
Figure 4: Effects of electric shock on the human body

Zone Effects of electric shock on the human body

1 Perception possible but usually no ‘startled’ reaction

2 Perception and involuntary muscular contractions likely, but usually no harmful effects

• Strong involuntary muscular contractions, difficulty in breathing.

3 • Reversible disturbances of heart function. Immobilisation may occur.
• Effects increasing with current magnitude. Usually, no internal organ damage expected.

Probability of ventricular fibrillation

4 Patho-physiological effects may occur:
up to about 5 per cent
• cardiac arrest
• breathing stops Probability of ventricular fibrillation
5
• burns up to about 50 per cent
• internal organ damage
Probability of ventricular fibrillation
6 • injuries may result in DEATH.
above 50 per cent

40 | Building and Energy Western Australia

Appendix 3 Methodology for assessing
the level of supervision
for an apprentice
(de-energised work only)

Adaptation of the levels of supervision can be done using the following methodology, provided that the
recommended minimum levels of supervision of Section 3.7.1, page 15 are still met:

Start

Apply First stage includes:

supervision NO Is the work ‘electrical work’? • First six months
as per WA • New or unfamiliar
YES
OSH Act work type/
s19(1)(b) YES Is the apprentice in the first stage of training? environment

NO

Access the ability of apprentice to Consider, but not limit to:

carry out the task • Installation type
and location
e.g. residential,
Has apprentice carried out this or similar commercial, minesite,
NO
task before? workshop

YES • Technical differences

in equipment e.g.
Has apprentice carried out similar switchboard design/
NO tasks correctly and often enough to justify construction
less than DIRECT supervision? • Climate extremes
YES

Has apprentice carried out similar work

competently on enough occasions to justify YES
moving to BROAD supervision only?
NO

Supervising electrical worker to Supervising electrical worker Supervising electrical worker

apply DIRECT supervision to apply GENERAL supervision to apply BROAD supervision
to apprentice to apprentice to apprentice

Figure 5: Adaptation of the levels of apprentice supervision

From the start of workplace training and prior to commencing work, apprentices should participate in
the isolation and de-energisation procedure as follows:
• after observing that the supervising electrical worker has proven the circuit or equipment
as de-energised and fitted their tags and locks, personally verify by electrical testing, that
the circuit or equipment is de-energised (TEST BEFORE YOU TOUCH); and
• once proven as de-energised, follow the tag and lockout procedure and apply personal
tags and locks.

Safe working guidelines for electrical workers and apprentices 2025 | 41

Appendix 4 Rescue and resuscitation

This information has been reproduced from the Australian Resuscitation Council Guideline 8 –
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

Basic Life Support

D Dangers?

R Responsive?

S Send for help

A Open airway

B Normal breathing?

Start CPR
C 30 compressions: 2 breaths

Attach defibrillator (AED)

D as soon as available and follow its prompts

Continue CPR until responsivenness

or nomal breathing return

Figure 6: Recommended emergency life support procedures

42 | Building and Energy Western Australia

Feedback on any aspect of this document is encouraged.
Comments and suggestions may be sent to:
Director of Energy Safety
Locked Bag 100 East Perth WA 6892
Email: [email protected]
 Government of Western Australia
Department of Energy, Mines,
Industry Regulation and Safety
Building and Energy
1300 489 099
8.30am – 4.30pm
Level 1 Mason Bird Building
303 Sevenoaks Street
(entrance Grose Avenue)
Cannington Western Australia 6107

Online
Website: demirs.wa.gov.au/building-and-energy
Email: [email protected]

Mailing address
Locked Bag 100
East Perth WA 6892

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Goldfields/Esperance (08) 9021 9494
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Kimberley (08) 9191 8400
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North West (08) 9185 0900
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DEMIRSJAN25_9523

National Relay Service: 13 36 77

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This publication is available on request in other formats.