Introduction to

Biomedical Optics: From

Theory to Applications
Tissue Optics: Light Tissue Interaction

Dr. Uttam M. Pal,

Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering,
Department of Sciences and Humanities,
IIITDM Kancheepuram - Chennai
 Types of light tissue interaction
• Reflection
Light Tissue Interaction • Absorption

Reflection
Tissue

Light Source

2
 Types of light tissue interaction
• Reflection
Light Tissue Interaction • Refraction

Reflection
Tissue
Refraction

Light Source

3
 Types of light tissue interaction
• Reflection
Light Tissue Interaction • Refraction
• Forward Scattering
• Absorption
Reflection
Tissue
Refraction

Light Source Forward Scattering

Absorbed

4
 Types of light tissue interaction
• Reflection
Light Tissue Interaction • Refraction
• Forward Scattering
• Absorption
Reflection • Backward Scattering
Tissue • Diffuse Reflectance
Refraction

Light Source Forward Scattering

Absorbed
Light Detector
Backward Scattering
Diffuse Reflectance

[1] Applegate et atl., OpenSFDI: an open-source guide for constructing a spatial frequency domain imaging system. Journal of
Biomedical Optics, 2020. 25. 1. 10.1117/1.JBO.25.1.016002.
5
 Types of light tissue interaction
• Reflection
Light Tissue Interaction • Refraction
• Forward Scattering
• Absorption
Reflection • Backward Scattering
Tissue • Diffuse Reflectance
Refraction • Diffuse Transmittance

Light Source Forward Scattering

Light Detector

Absorbed Diffuse Transmittance

Light Detector
Backward Scattering
Diffuse Reflectance

[1] Applegate et atl., OpenSFDI: an open-source guide for constructing a spatial frequency domain imaging system. Journal of
Biomedical Optics, 2020. 25. 1. 10.1117/1.JBO.25.1.016002.
[2] Taroni, Paola et al. "Non-invasive optical estimate of tissue composition to differentiate malignant from benign breast lesions: A 6
pilot study". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 40683, 2017
 Types of light tissue interaction
• Reflection
Light Tissue Interaction • Refraction
• Forward Scattering
• Absorption
Reflection • Backward Scattering
Tissue • Diffuse Reflectance
Refraction • Diffuse Transmittance
• Fluorescence (δ in wavelength)

Light Source Forward Scattering Fluorophore

Light Detector

Absorbed Diffuse Transmittance

Light Detector
Fluorescence
Backward Scattering
Diffuse Reflectance

[1] Applegate et atl., OpenSFDI: an open-source guide for constructing a spatial frequency domain imaging system. Journal of
Biomedical Optics, 2020. 25. 1. 10.1117/1.JBO.25.1.016002.
[2] Taroni, Paola et al. "Non-invasive optical estimate of tissue composition to differentiate malignant from benign breast lesions: A 7
pilot study". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 40683, 2017
 Types of light tissue interaction
• Reflection
Light Tissue Interaction • Refraction
• Forward Scattering
• Absorption
Reflection • Backward Scattering
Tissue • Diffuse Reflectance
Refraction • Diffuse Transmittance
• Fluorescence (XL δ in wavelength)
• Raman (Small δ in wavelength)
Light Source Forward Scattering Molecular interaction
Light Detector

Absorbed Diffuse Transmittance

Light Detector
Fluorescence
Backward Scattering
Diffuse Reflectance Raman

[1] Applegate et atl., OpenSFDI: an open-source guide for constructing a spatial frequency domain imaging system. Journal of
Biomedical Optics, 2020. 25. 1. 10.1117/1.JBO.25.1.016002.
[2] Taroni, Paola et al. "Non-invasive optical estimate of tissue composition to differentiate malignant from benign breast lesions: A 8
pilot study". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 40683, 2017
 Types of light tissue interaction
• Reflection
Light Tissue Interaction • Refraction
• Forward Scattering
• Absorption
Reflection • Backward Scattering
Tissue • Diffuse Reflectance
Refraction • Diffuse Transmittance
• Fluorescence (XL δ in wavelength)
• Raman (Small δ in wavelength)
Light Source Forward Scattering Molecular interaction/Fluorophore
Light Detector

Absorbed Diffuse Transmittance

Light Detector
Fluorescence
Backward Scattering
Diffuse Reflectance Raman

[1] Applegate et atl., OpenSFDI: an open-source guide for constructing a spatial frequency domain imaging system. Journal of
Biomedical Optics, 2020. 25. 1. 10.1117/1.JBO.25.1.016002.
[2] Taroni, Paola et al. "Non-invasive optical estimate of tissue composition to differentiate malignant from benign breast lesions: A 9
pilot study". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 40683, 2017
Thank You

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