MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

Review MODULE – Slope Stability, Pile Capacity & Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity
I. SLOPE STABILITY SIT 1
An infinite slope has the following shear strength parameters at the
A. INFINITE SLOPES interface of soil and rock: 𝜙 = 26°, c = 21 kPa. The moist density of the
NORMAL AND SHEARING STRESSES: soil is 1950 kg/m3.
𝜎 = 𝛾𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛽 1. If H=5 m and 𝛽=18°, compute the value of the normal and shear stresses
𝜏 = 𝛾𝐻𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 at the interface.
𝑐+𝜎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜙 tan 𝜙 𝑐 2. If H=5 m and 𝛽=18°, find the factor of safety against sliding.
𝐹𝑆 = = =
𝑐𝑑 + 𝜎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜙𝑑 tan 𝜙𝑑 𝑐𝑑 3. If β=34°, determine the critical height.
4. If the height at critical equilibrium is 6.5 m, determine the minimum angle
FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING: 𝛽 so that the slope is stable.
No pore water pressure / No seepage on soil:
𝑐 tan 𝜙 SIT 2
𝐹𝑆 = 2
+ An infinite slope of granular soil has slope of 23°. The effective unit weight
𝛾𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 tan 𝛽
of the sand is 11.69 kN/m3 and the angle of friction is 35°. Consider the
depth of the sand to be 5 m, determine the following:
5. The factor of safety against sliding if there is no seepage.
6. The factor of safety against sliding when subjected to partial seepage
parallel to the slope with water at a vertical depth of 3 m above the
interface.
𝑐 7. Factor of safety when the groundwater table coincides with the ground
𝐻𝑐𝑟 = surface.
𝛾𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛽(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 − tan 𝜙)

Seepage is present on the soil: SIT 3

𝑐 (𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝛾𝑤 )tan 𝜙 A cut slope was excavated in a clay as shown. The slope makes an angle
𝐹𝑆 = 2
+ of 50° with the horizontal. AC represents the failure plane. Given that length
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 tan 𝛽
BC = 9.92 m, H = 7.6 m 𝛾 = 18 kN/m3, 𝜙 = 25° and the unconfined
compressive strength of the clay is 38.2 kPa.

Where:
FS = Factor of Safety Against Sliding
c = Cohesion of soil
γ = Unit weight of soil
γsat = Saturated Unit weight of soil
H = Height of soil above the interface of rock and soil
𝜷= Angle of backfill from the horizontal
Φ = Angle of friction

B. FINITE SLOPES

𝐹𝑓 + 𝐹𝑐 8. Determine the angle of failure plane.

𝐹𝑆 = 9. Determine the cohesive strength along the failure plane in kN
𝑊𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙
10. Determine the frictional strength along the failure plane in kN
4𝑐𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙𝑑 11. Determine the sliding force along the failure plane in kN
𝐻= ( ) 12. Determine the Factor of Safety against sliding
𝛾 1 − cos(𝛽 − 𝜙𝑑 )
𝑐𝑑 SIT 4
𝑚= = 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
𝛾𝐻 A cut is to be made in a soil that has 𝛾 = 17 kN/m3, c = 40 kPa and 𝜙 =
1
15°. The slope makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal.
= 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑚
13. What depth of the cut slope will have a factor of safety of 3.0?
14. Find the value of the critical angle along which the maximum developed
cohesion occurs.
15. Find the stability number
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

Review MODULE – Slope Stability, Pile Capacity & Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity
II. TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY SITUATION 1. A square footing has a dimension of 1.50 m has its bottom 1.2 m
Ultimate Bearing Capacity – General Shear Failure below the ground surface. Determine the Ultimate Bearing Capacity of the
Square Footing: foundation if: γ = 18.11 kN/m3, c = 15.75 kPa, γSAT = 19.28 kN/m3 and the water
𝑄𝑢𝑙𝑡 = 1.3𝑐𝑁𝑐 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 + 0.4𝛾𝐵𝑁𝛾 table is: (Nc = 7.34, Nq = 1.64, Ny = 0.14)
1. 1.5 m below the ground surface.
Circular Footing: 2. at the bottom of the footing.
𝑄𝑢𝑙𝑡 = 1.3𝑐𝑁𝑐 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 + 0.3𝛾𝐵𝑁𝛾 3. 0.5 m below the ground surface.
Strip Footing: SITUATION 2. A footing 1.5m square carries a total load 1500kN. The base of
𝑄𝑢𝑙𝑡 = 𝑐𝑁𝑐 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 + 0.5𝛾𝐵𝑁𝛾 the footing is at a depth of 1.0 m below the ground surface. The soil has a unit
weight of 17 kN/m3 and cohesion of 50 kPa. The soil investigation shows that the
Rectangular Footing: angle of friction is 18 degrees.
0.3𝐵 0.2𝐵
𝑄𝑢𝑙𝑡 = 𝑐𝑁𝑐 (1 + ) + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 + 0.5𝛾𝐵𝑁𝛾 (1 − ) 4. Determine the gross foundation pressure.
𝐿 𝐿 5. Determine the net foundation pressure.
Ultimate Bearing Capacity – Local Shear Failure 6. Determine the factor of safety (both gross and net)
2
𝑐′ = 𝑐 SITUATION 3. A circular footing carries an allowable axial load of 1200kN with
3
2 its bottom resting on a ground water table at a depth of 2 m below the ground
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜙 ′ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜙 surface. (Nc = 35, Nq = 22, Ny = 19). Take YDRY = 18.10 kN/m3 and YSAT = 19.50
3
kN/m3, c = 15.74 kPa.
Bearing Capacity Factors (if no table or chart is given) 7. Determine the dimension of the footing using a factor of safety of 2.5.
𝑒 (1.5𝜋−𝜙)𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜙 8. Determine the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil.
𝑁𝑞 =
2 cos2 (45 + )
𝜙 9. Determine the net allowable capacity of the footing.
2
𝑁𝑐 = (𝑁𝑞 − 1)𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜙 SITUATION 4. For a certain soil, the cohesion is 50 kPa; the unit weight is 19.2
𝑁𝛾 = 1.1(𝑁𝑞 − 1) tan(1.3𝜙) kN/m3. Assuming local shear failure: (Nc = 7.5, Nq = 1.80, Ny = 0.48) for local
shear failure (Nc = 9, Nq = 2.50, Ny = 1.20) for general shear failure
10. Calculate the net ultimate bearing capacity for a strip footing of width 1.25 m
Modification of Bearing Capacity Equation due to the presence of Ground and depth of 4.5 m
Water Table 11. Calculate the safe bearing capacity on a footing 6 m long and 1.25 m wide
𝑞𝑢
and a factor of safety of 2.5. Use 𝑞𝑠 = 𝑛𝑒𝑡 + 𝛾𝐷𝑓 and consider general shear
𝐹.𝑆.
failure.
12. Calculate the safe load that the rectangular footing could carry.

SITUATION 5. A square footing 4 m on a side is founded 1.2 m below the ground

surface for which the bulk unit weight of the soil is 20 kN/m3, the cohesion
strength is 10 kPa, and the angle of internal friction is 20°. Under the condition
of general shear failure, evaluate the contribution of the following to the ultimate
soil bearing capacity, in kPa. The ground water table is at a level at a that does
not affect the unit weight of the soil and Ø = 35°. Using table below, determine
the following:

13. Cohesion Strength.

a. 167.18 b. 326.69 c. 684.32 d. 263.51
14. Soil Overburden.
a. 245.52 b. 405.60 c. 130.80 d. 305.28
15. Footing Dimension.
a. 400.00 b. 266.88 c. 192.00 d. 82.88
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

Review MODULE – Slope Stability, Pile Capacity & Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity
Pile Capacity (Static Pile Analysis)
Skin friction resistance of pile on clay (β method)
𝑸𝒔𝒇 = 𝜷. 𝑳. 𝝈′𝒎 . 𝒑
Ultimate Bearing Load of Pile
𝑸𝒖𝒑 = 𝑸𝒆𝒃 + 𝑸𝒔𝒇
Where 𝜷 = skin factor
For normally consolidated clay (1- sin∅𝑹 ) tan ∅𝑹
Allowable Bearing Capacity of Pile
𝑸𝒖𝒑 For over consolidated clay (1- sin∅𝑹 ) tan ∅𝑹 √𝑶𝑪𝑹
𝑸𝑨𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 = 𝑳 = length of pile
𝑭. 𝑺. 𝝈′𝒎 = average vertical eff. Pressure at mid-height of pile
Where 𝑸𝒖𝒑 = ultimate bearing load of the pile, in a layer
𝑸𝒆𝒃 = end-bearing resistance of the pile 𝒑 = perimeter of the pile section
𝑸𝒔𝒇 = skin-friction resistance of the pile.
Skin friction resistance of pile on clay (λ method)
PILES on SAND
𝑸𝒔𝒇 = 𝝀. 𝑳. (𝝈′𝒎 + 𝟐𝒄). 𝒑
End-Bearing resistance of pile on sand
𝑸𝒆𝒃 = 𝝈′ . 𝑨𝒑 . 𝑵𝒒 Where 𝝀 = effective frictional factor
𝑳 = length of pile
Where
𝝈′𝒎 = average vertical eff. Pressure at mid-height of pile
𝝈′ = effective vertical stress at the pile tip
in a layer
𝑨𝒑 = area of pile tip
𝒑 = perimeter of the pile section
𝑵𝒒 = bearing capacity factor 𝒄 = cohesion
Skin friction resistance of pile on sand NOTE: NSCP-2010 Section 306 Provisions
𝑸𝒔𝒇 = 𝝁. 𝒑. 𝑨𝒑−𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒈 . 𝒌 The allowable axial and lateral loads on pile shall be determined by an approved
formula, by a foundation investigation or by load tests. Static axial compressive
Where 𝝁 = coeff. of friction b/w pile and sand
𝒑 = perimeter of the pile section pile load test shall be in accordance with ASTM Standard D-1143, and lateral
𝑨𝒑−𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒈 = area of pressure diagram load testing of piles shall conform to ASTM Standard D-3966. Dynamic pile tests
𝒌 = coeff. of lateral pressure b/w pile and sand
shall be in accordance with ASTM Standard D-4945. Static axial load testing to
determine the uplift capacity of pile-soil systems shall be in accordance with
ASTM Standard D-3689.

Situation (1) – A 0.30m x 0.30m square pile having 15 m length is

embedded in a layer of dense sand. The soil has the following properties:
Dry unit weight is 18.5 kN/𝑚3 and saturated unit weight is 22.5 kN/𝑚3 .
Water table is located at 4 m depth from the ground surface. Nq = 80,
k = 1.33, μ = 0.2 and F.S = 2.5.

1. Compute the point bearing capacity of pile

2. Compute the frictional capacity of pile
Note: The pressure diagram is dependent on the critical depth 3. Compute the allowable capacity of the pile
(𝑫𝒄 )
(𝑫𝒄 ) = 20 ∅𝒑𝒊𝒍𝒆 – Dense Sand Situation (2) – A 0.30-m diameter precast concrete pile is to be driven
in a clayey soil profile with the following properties.
(𝑫𝒄 ) = 10 ∅𝒑𝒊𝒍𝒆 – Loose Sand
Soil Properties:
PILES on CLAY 0.30m
Layer 1
𝛾𝐶𝐿𝐴𝑌 = 16kN/𝑚3
End-Bearing resistance of pile on clay 𝑐𝑢 = 87 kN/𝑚2
𝑸𝒆𝒃 = 𝒄. 𝑨𝒑 . 𝑵𝒄 𝛼 = 0.65
𝜑 = 22º
Where 𝒄 = cohesion λ = 0.15
𝑨𝒑 = area of pile tip
𝑵𝒄 = bearing capacity factor (if no value given use 9) Layer 2
𝛾𝑆𝐴𝑇 = 19.7 kN/𝑚3
𝑐𝑢 =160 kN/𝑚2
Skin friction resistance of pile on clay (α method) 𝛼 = 0.40
𝑸𝒔𝒇 = 𝒄. 𝑳 . 𝛂 . 𝒑 𝜑 = 22º
λ = 0.14
Where 𝒄 = cohesion
𝑳 = length of pile 1. Compute the point bearing capacity of pile
𝜶 = adhesion factor or frictional constant 2. Compute the frictional capacity of pile using α, β, λ
𝒑 = perimeter of the pile section 3. Compute the design capacity of the pile (FS = 3.5)