1. What is the Theoretical Framework?

It’s the main theory that supports your research. Your study is based on Self-Regulation Theory by
Zimmerman (2000).

This theory explains how students control their behavior, thoughts, and emotions to reach their academic
goals. In simple terms:

✔ Students plan, act, and adjust to achieve success.

✔ If they manage time well, they sleep better and perform better in school.
✔ If they don’t, they sacrifice sleep and struggle with academics.

2. How Does Self-Regulation Theory Connect to Your Study?

Your research is about how sleep patterns affect academic performance. Self-Regulation Theory explains
why some students have good sleep habits while others don’t.

The 3 Phases of Self-Regulation (Applied to Your Study):

1️⃣ Forethought Phase (Planning & Goal Setting)

 Students decide how to balance sleep and study.

 Example: Some students plan to sleep 7+ hours, while others sacrifice sleep for schoolwork.

2️⃣ Performance Phase (Doing & Monitoring)

 Students follow their study & sleep habits.

 Example: Some students stick to a schedule, while others procrastinate, leading to late-night
studying.

3️⃣ Self-Reflection Phase (Evaluating & Adjusting)

 Students reflect on how their sleep habits affect their school performance.
 Example: If they get low grades or feel tired, they might change their habits (or not).

3. How to Defend It in Your Research Defense

✅ Possible Panel Questions & Answers:

❓ Why did you choose Self-Regulation Theory for your study?

Answer: "We chose Self-Regulation Theory because it explains how students control their sleep and study
habits. The theory shows that students who manage their time well get enough sleep and perform better in
school, while those who don’t struggle academically."

❓ How does this theory relate to your findings?

Answer: "Our research found that students with good sleep schedules had better focus and academic
performance. This supports Self-Regulation Theory because it shows that time management and self-discipline
play a big role in balancing sleep and schoolwork."

❓ How can this theory help students improve their sleep habits?
Answer: "It teaches students to plan their time wisely. If they follow the self-regulation process—planning their
study time, monitoring their sleep, and adjusting when needed—they can improve both their sleep and academic
performance."

4. Simple Summary for You to Remember

 Self-Regulation Theory = Planning, Doing, and Adjusting.

 Students who manage time well → Get enough sleep → Perform better in school.
 Students who don’t manage time well → Sleep less → Struggle academically.
 Your research proves this theory is true because students who self-regulate sleep better and succeed
more.

1. How to Explain the Theoretical Framework in Simple Words

Your study is based on Self-Regulation Theory (Zimmerman, 2000). This theory is about how people
control their behavior to achieve goals—in your case, students managing their time to balance sleep and
academics.

Imagine a student deciding when to sleep and when to study. Some students manage their time well, while
others stay up late and struggle in school.

Self-Regulation Theory explains this process in 3 steps:

1️⃣ Forethought (Planning) → Students plan their sleep and study time.
2️⃣ Performance (Doing) → They follow their schedule (or don’t).
3️⃣Self-Reflection (Adjusting) → They realize if their habits help or hurt their schoolwork.

This theory fits perfectly with your research because you studied how sleep patterns affect academic
performance. It explains why some students sleep well and succeed, while others sacrifice sleep and
struggle.

2. How to Answer Panel Questions About the Theoretical Framework

✅ Common Questions & Best Answers:

❓ Why did you use Self-Regulation Theory in your study?

✔ Answer: “Because this theory explains how students manage their sleep and study time. Our research shows
that students who plan and regulate their sleep well perform better in school, while those who don’t face
academic struggles.”

❓ How does this theory relate to your research findings?

✔ Answer: “Our findings prove this theory is correct. We found that students with good sleep habits had better
academic performance, while those with irregular sleep schedules struggled in class.”
❓ Can you explain the three phases of Self-Regulation Theory in relation to your study?
✔ Answer:
1️⃣ Forethought (Planning) – Students decide when to sleep and study.
2️⃣Performance (Doing) – Some follow their schedule, others procrastinate.
3️⃣Self-Reflection (Adjusting) – Students realize if their choices helped or harmed their grades.

❓ How can this theory help students improve their sleep habits?
✔ Answer: “If students apply Self-Regulation Theory, they can plan their sleep schedule, monitor their study
habits, and adjust when needed. This will help them avoid sleep deprivation and improve academic
performance.”

3. What to Do If You Forget an Answer?

1️⃣ Stay Calm – You’re not expected to memorize everything.

2️⃣Go Back to the Basics – Just say:

 “This theory is about how students manage their time and sleep.”
 “If students don’t control their schedule, their sleep and grades suffer.”
3️⃣ Rephrase Your Answer – You don’t need to be perfect, just explain what you understand.

4. Simple Script to Use in Your Defense

(You can memorize or just understand this!)

“Our study is based on Self-Regulation Theory by Zimmerman (2000). This theory explains how students
control their behavior to achieve their goals—in this case, balancing sleep and academics. It has three
phases: (1) Forethought, where students plan their sleep and study schedule, (2) Performance, where they
follow their routine, and (3) Self-Reflection, where they assess if their sleep habits affect their school
performance. Our research found that students who self-regulate their sleep tend to perform better
academically, proving that good time management and self-discipline are essential for success.”

1. Theory & Research Connection

❓ Why did you choose Self-Regulation Theory instead of other theories?

✔ Answer: "We chose Self-Regulation Theory because it focuses on how students manage their time, including
balancing sleep and academics. Other theories may explain learning or motivation, but this one directly explains
why some students sleep well and perform better in school, while others struggle due to poor time
management."

❓ How does this theory explain the relationship between sleep and academic performance?
✔ Answer: "Self-Regulation Theory shows that students who plan and control their schedules effectively can
balance sleep and study time, leading to better focus and grades. On the other hand, those who don’t regulate
their time well often experience sleep deprivation, making it harder to concentrate and perform in school."

❓ What is the most important takeaway from this theory in relation to your study?
✔ Answer: "The key takeaway is that students who manage their sleep well through self-regulation
perform better academically. This means that improving self-discipline and time management can help
students avoid sleep deprivation and improve school performance."

2. Theory Components & Application

❓ Can you briefly explain the three phases of Self-Regulation Theory?

✔ Answer:
1️⃣ Forethought Phase (Planning) – Students decide how they will manage their sleep and study time.
2️⃣Performance Phase (Doing) – Students follow (or fail to follow) their planned schedule.
3️⃣Self-Reflection Phase (Evaluating & Adjusting) – Students assess whether their sleep habits are helping or
harming their academic performance.

❓ How does the Performance Phase of Self-Regulation Theory relate to students' sleep patterns?
✔ Answer: "This phase is where students either follow their sleep schedule or get distracted by schoolwork,
social media, or procrastination. Those who successfully regulate their time sleep better and perform better in
school, while those who fail to self-regulate end up sacrificing sleep."

❓ How can students apply this theory in real life to improve their sleep habits?
✔ Answer: "They can apply the theory by:

1. Planning a sleep schedule that allows enough rest.

2. Monitoring their actual sleep and study habits.
3. Adjusting their schedule if they notice their performance is suffering due to lack of sleep."

3. Strengths & Limitations of the Theory

❓ What are the strengths of Self-Regulation Theory in explaining sleep and academic performance?
✔ Answer: "The strength of this theory is that it provides a clear process (planning, doing, adjusting) that
explains why some students have good sleep habits and perform well in school, while others struggle due to
poor self-discipline."

❓ What are the weaknesses or limitations of this theory?

✔ Answer: "One limitation is that it assumes all students can control their schedules, but in reality, some
students face external factors like family responsibilities, school workload, or health issues that affect their
sleep, even if they try to self-regulate."

❓ Do you think another theory could have explained your research better?
✔ Answer: "Other theories like Motivation Theory or Cognitive Load Theory could explain some aspects of
sleep and academics, but they don’t focus on time management and self-control like Self-Regulation Theory
does. Since our research is about how students balance sleep and academics, this was the best theory to use."

4. How Your Findings Support the Theory

❓ Did your research findings support Self-Regulation Theory?

✔ Answer: "Yes, our findings showed that students who planned their sleep well performed better in school,
while those who failed to self-regulate had poor academic performance. This aligns with the theory, which
emphasizes planning, monitoring, and adjusting as key to success."

❓ Did you find any cases where this theory didn’t fully explain students' sleep habits?
✔ Answer: "Yes, some students had poor sleep habits due to factors beyond their control, like family
responsibilities or school workload. This shows that while self-regulation is important, external factors also
play a role in sleep and academic performance."

❓ What recommendations can you give based on this theory?

✔ Answer: "Students should practice better time management, schools should help students learn self-
regulation strategies, and parents should encourage healthy sleep routines at home."

1. What Are the Tables in Chapter 4?

The tables show the results of your research by organizing the most common answers from your respondents.
Since your study is qualitative, you used interviews, and the tables group similar answers together.

Each table answers a research question from your study.

2. How to Defend Each Table

📌 Table 1: Effects of Sleep Patterns on Study Habits and Academic Performance

What it shows:

 Most students said lack of sleep makes it hard to focus (5 students).

 Some said more sleep helps memory retention (4 students).
 Others mentioned that irregular sleep schedules lead to bad study habits (3 students).

✅ How to Defend It:

❓ What does this table tell us?
✔ "This table shows that students with poor sleep habits struggle with focus, memory, and study efficiency.
This proves that good sleep is important for academic success."

❓ Why is focus and memory retention affected by sleep?

✔ "Studies show that sleep helps the brain process and store information. When students don’t get enough
sleep, they lose focus in class and forget lessons easily."

📌 Table 2: Perceived Impacts of Insufficient Sleep

What it shows:

 Many students said feeling tired affects learning (6 students).

 Sleep deprivation leads to poor academic performance (5 students).
 Lack of sleep causes difficulty remembering lessons (4 students).
✅ How to Defend It:
❓ What does this table tell us?
✔ "This table shows that students who don’t get enough sleep struggle with learning, memory, and academic
performance. It proves that insufficient sleep has negative effects on school performance."

❓ Why does sleep deprivation lower academic performance?

✔ "Lack of sleep affects brain function, making it harder to remember lessons, focus, and complete
schoolwork. It also increases stress and procrastination."

📌 Table 3: Changes in Sleep Patterns and Their Effects

What it shows:

 Students who sleep late struggle to wake up for school (6 students).

 Less sleep leads to procrastination and missed deadlines (5 students).
 Those with fixed sleep schedules perform better in class (4 students).

✅ How to Defend It:

❓ What does this table tell us?
✔ "This table shows that students with irregular sleep schedules struggle more with waking up,
procrastination, and schoolwork. It proves that consistent sleep schedules lead to better academic
performance."

❓ How can students improve their sleep habits?

✔ "Students should set a regular bedtime, avoid distractions before bed, and plan study sessions earlier to
prevent last-minute cramming."

📌 Table 4: Strategies for Managing Sleep and Academic Responsibilities

What it shows:

 Most students said creating a fixed sleep schedule improves study efficiency (5 students).
 Using time management techniques helps balance sleep and academics (4 students).
 Reducing screen time before bed improves sleep quality (3 students).

✅ How to Defend It:

❓ What does this table tell us?
✔ "This table shows that time management and sleep schedules help students balance rest and academics.
It proves that good study habits lead to better sleep and school performance."

❓ Which strategy is the most effective?

✔ "The most effective strategy is creating a fixed sleep schedule, as students who follow it study better and
feel more energized in class."
3. What If You Don’t Know the Answer?
1️⃣ Take a deep breath.
2️⃣ Look at the table and focus on the biggest numbers.
3️⃣ Say what you understand. Example:

 “Based on the table, most students said lack of sleep makes them tired and affects learning. This means
sleep is very important for students’ focus and memory.”

1. General Questions About the Results

❓ Can you summarize your findings based on the tables?

✔ Answer: "Our findings show that students with poor sleep struggle with focus, memory, and study habits.
Lack of sleep leads to procrastination, stress, and lower academic performance. However, students who follow a
fixed sleep schedule and practice time management perform better in school."

❓ What is the most important result in your study?

✔ Answer: "The most important result is that students who don’t get enough sleep find it harder to focus, retain
information, and meet deadlines. This proves that sleep is essential for academic success."

❓ How do your findings relate to your research questions?

✔ Answer:

 Table 1 answers how sleep affects study habits.

 Table 2 explains the effects of sleep deprivation.
 Table 3 shows how sleep pattern changes affect students.
 Table 4 presents strategies students use to balance sleep and academics.

2. Questions About Specific Tables

📌 Table 1: Effects of Sleep Patterns on Study Habits and Academic Performance

❓ What does this table tell us about students’ study habits?

✔ Answer: "It shows that lack of sleep negatively affects students' focus, memory, and study efficiency. Those
with poor sleep schedules have weaker study habits and lower productivity."

❓ Why do you think memory retention improves with more sleep?

✔ Answer: "Sleep helps the brain process and store information. When students get enough sleep, they can
remember lessons better and perform well in exams."

📌 Table 2: Perceived Impacts of Insufficient Sleep

❓ What is the biggest effect of insufficient sleep on students?

✔ Answer: "The biggest effect is feeling tired throughout the day, which affects focus and learning. This
leads to poor academic performance, as students struggle with memory and concentration."
❓ Why do students struggle with concentration when they lack sleep?
✔ Answer: "Sleep helps the brain recharge. Without enough sleep, students feel sleepy, distracted, and unable
to absorb lessons properly."

📌 Table 3: Changes in Sleep Patterns and Their Effects

❓ What happens when students have irregular sleep schedules?

✔ Answer: "Students with irregular sleep schedules struggle to wake up for school, procrastinate more, and
have lower academic performance."

❓ How can students improve their sleep patterns based on your findings?
✔ Answer: "By setting a consistent bedtime, avoiding distractions like social media, and managing study time
properly, students can develop better sleep habits and perform better in school."

📌 Table 4: Strategies for Managing Sleep and Academic Responsibilities

❓ Which strategy is the most effective?

✔ Answer: "The most effective strategy is creating a fixed sleep schedule, as students who follow it have
better focus and study efficiency."

❓ Why is reducing screen time before bed important?

✔ Answer: "Screens emit blue light that affects sleep hormones, making it harder to fall asleep. Reducing
screen time improves sleep quality."

3. Questions About Interpretation & Accuracy

❓ How did you analyze the responses to create these tables?

✔ Answer: "We used thematic analysis, where we grouped similar answers from interviews and counted how
many students gave each response. This helped us see patterns in their experiences."

❓ Do you think your sample size was enough to get accurate results?
✔ Answer: "While our sample was small, it provided in-depth insights on how sleep affects students'
academic performance. Our findings align with existing research on sleep and learning."

❓ Were there any unexpected results in your study?

✔ Answer: "Yes, some students believed that short naps and caffeine could replace lost sleep, but our findings
show that these are only temporary solutions and don’t fully improve academic performance."

4. What If You Don’t Know the Answer?

1️⃣ Stay calm – Take a deep breath before answering.

2️⃣Look at the table and focus on the biggest numbers.
3️⃣ Use your common sense – Even if you’re unsure, explain what makes the most sense based on your
research.

Example:
❓ What does this table tell us?
✔ "Based on the table, most students said lack of sleep affects their learning. This means sleep is important for
focus and academic success."

5. Final Tips for Your Defense

✔ Speak confidently – Even if you’re nervous, just explain what the table shows.
✔ Focus on the big idea – More sleep = better focus & grades. Less sleep = academic struggles.
✔ If you forget an answer, just summarize the table in simple words.

You got this, Ashen! Let me know if you need more help!

📌 For INTRODUCTION

1. What motivated you to choose this research topic?

✔ Answer:
"We chose this topic because we noticed that many students, including ourselves, struggle with managing sleep
and academics. We wanted to understand how sleep patterns affect academic performance and provide insights
on how students can improve both their sleep and study habits."
2. Why is this study important?

✔ Answer:
"This study is important because it highlights the negative effects of sleep deprivation on students' focus,
memory, and academic success. It also provides strategies to help students balance sleep and study, which can
lead to better performance in school."

3. What gap in existing research does your study aim to fill?

✔ Answer:
"Most research on sleep and academic performance focuses on university students or students from other
countries. Our study specifically examines senior high school students in our school, providing localized data
on how sleep patterns impact academic success."

4. How is your study relevant to society or the educational field?

✔ Answer:
"Our study is relevant because it can help students, teachers, and parents understand the importance of sleep in
academic success. It also encourages schools to create policies that support better sleep habits, such as adjusting
workloads and teaching time management skills."

📌 For RESULTS & DISCUSSION

16. What are the key themes that emerged from your data?

✔ Answer:
"The key themes that emerged from our data are:

1. Lack of sleep reduces focus and memory – Many students struggle with concentration and retaining
information.
2. Irregular sleep leads to procrastination – Students who sleep late tend to delay schoolwork.
3. Good sleep improves academic performance – Those with fixed sleep schedules perform better in
school.
4. Short-term coping strategies (naps, caffeine) don’t solve the problem – Many students try to fix their
sleep deprivation, but these strategies only provide temporary relief."

17. How do your findings support or challenge existing theories and literature?

✔ Answer:
"Our findings support Self-Regulation Theory, which states that students who plan and manage their time well
perform better in academics. Our data also aligns with previous studies showing that sleep deprivation
weakens cognitive function, increases stress, and lowers productivity."
18. What insights did you gain from the participants' experiences?

✔ Answer:
"We learned that:

 Many students sacrifice sleep to complete schoolwork, thinking they can make up for it later.
 Some students rely on caffeine or naps, but these don’t fully solve the effects of sleep deprivation.
 Students who follow a structured sleep schedule feel more energized, perform better in class, and have
fewer academic struggles."

19. Were there any unexpected findings? If so, how did you interpret them?

✔ Answer:
"Yes, some students believe short naps or caffeine can replace lost sleep, but our research shows these are
only temporary fixes. Students need better time management rather than relying on these coping methods."

20. How do your findings contribute to the field of study?

✔ Answer:
"Our findings contribute to the field by providing:

 Evidence that sleep directly affects focus, memory, and academic performance.
 Recommendations for students, teachers, and parents on how to improve sleep habits.
 A local perspective on the challenges faced by senior high school students, adding to existing
research."

📌 For RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

9. Why did you choose a qualitative research method?

✔ Answer:
"We chose a qualitative research method because we wanted to explore students' personal experiences with
sleep patterns and academic performance. This method allowed us to gather detailed insights and understand
their thoughts, feelings, and challenges, which would not be possible through just numbers or statistics."

10. What research design did you use (e.g., phenomenology, case study, narrative analysis), and why?

✔ Answer:
"We used a phenomenological research design because we focused on understanding the lived experiences of
senior high school students regarding their sleep habits and academic struggles. This design helped us explore
their real-life challenges and perspectives in-depth."
11. How did you select your participants?

✔ Answer:
"We used purposive sampling, meaning we specifically chose 8 senior high school students from our school
who had different sleep patterns and academic experiences. This helped us collect a variety of perspectives on
how sleep affects school performance."

12. How did you ensure the credibility and trustworthiness of your data?

✔ Answer:
"To ensure credibility, we:

 Used semi-structured interviews to allow participants to explain their answers in detail.

 Recorded and transcribed interviews to capture accurate responses.
 Applied thematic analysis to find consistent patterns in the data.
 Cross-checked findings with participants to make sure we interpreted their answers correctly."

13. What ethical considerations did you follow when conducting your study?

✔ Answer:
"We followed ethical research guidelines by:

 Obtaining informed consent from all participants before interviews.

 Ensuring confidentiality by keeping their identities anonymous.
 Allowing voluntary participation, meaning students could withdraw at any time.
 Protecting their privacy, ensuring that their responses were used only for research purposes."

14. How did you analyze your data?

✔ Answer:
"We used thematic analysis, where we:

1. Transcribed the interviews word for word.

2. Identified common answers and grouped them into themes.
3. Counted how many participants mentioned similar experiences to determine the most common
issues.
4. Interpreted the themes to understand how sleep patterns impact academic performance."

15. What challenges did you encounter in data collection, and how did you overcome them?

✔ Answer:
"One challenge was that some participants struggled to express their thoughts clearly during interviews. To
overcome this, we:
  Used follow-up questions to help them explain better.
 Created a comfortable interview environment so they felt more open to sharing.
 Encouraged them to give real-life examples to support their answers."

📌 For RESULTS & DISCUSSION

16. What are the key themes that emerged from your data?

✔ Answer:
"The key themes that emerged are:

1. Lack of sleep affects focus and memory – Students struggle to concentrate in class.
2. Irregular sleep leads to procrastination – Poor sleep schedules cause delays in schoolwork.
3. Structured sleep improves academic performance – Those who follow a fixed sleep routine do better
in school.
4. Coping strategies like naps and caffeine are only temporary solutions – Many students try to fix
sleep deprivation, but it doesn’t fully solve the problem."

17. How do your findings support or challenge existing theories and literature?

✔ Answer:
"Our findings support Self-Regulation Theory, which states that students who plan and manage their time
well perform better academically. They also align with studies showing that sleep deprivation negatively
impacts focus, memory, and productivity. However, we found that some students believe naps and caffeine
help compensate for lost sleep, which is a misconception."

18. What insights did you gain from the participants' experiences?

✔ Answer:
"We learned that:

 Many students sacrifice sleep to complete schoolwork, thinking they can make up for it later.
 Some students rely on caffeine or naps, but these don’t fully solve the effects of sleep deprivation.
 Those who set a fixed sleep schedule perform better academically and feel more energized."

19. Were there any unexpected findings? If so, how did you interpret them?

✔ Answer:
"Yes, one unexpected finding was that some students believe they can function well on very little sleep.
However, our research shows that even if they don’t feel tired, their academic performance still suffers because
lack of sleep lowers memory retention and decision-making skills."
20. How do your findings contribute to the field of study?

✔ Answer:
"Our findings contribute to the field by:

 Providing local evidence that sleep deprivation affects senior high school students' academic
performance.
 Suggesting practical strategies like time management and reducing screen time before bed.
 Encouraging schools to implement sleep education programs to help students develop better study
and sleep habits."

📌 For CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS

21. What are the main conclusions of your study?

✔ Answer:
"Our study concluded that:

1. Students with irregular sleep schedules struggle with focus, memory, and time management,
leading to poor academic performance.
2. Sleep deprivation causes stress, procrastination, and reduced classroom participation.
3. Students who maintain a consistent sleep schedule perform better in school.
4. Short-term solutions like naps and caffeine do not fully compensate for lost sleep."

22. What recommendations do you have for educators, policymakers, or future researchers?

✔ Answer:

 For students: Prioritize sleep by following a structured schedule and managing study time effectively.
 For educators: Consider adjusting major deadlines and teaching time management strategies.
 For parents: Encourage healthy sleep habits by monitoring screen time and study schedules.
 For policymakers: Schools can introduce wellness programs that promote the importance of sleep.
 For future researchers: Explore the long-term effects of sleep deprivation and its impact on students’
mental health."

23. How can your study be applied in real-life settings?

✔ Answer:
"Our findings can help students understand the importance of sleep and encourage them to adopt better time
management habits. Teachers can use our study to create schedules that reduce academic pressure, and schools
can implement sleep education programs to promote student well-being."

24. What are the limitations of your study?

✔ Answer:
"The main limitations of our study were:

1. Small sample size – We only interviewed eight students, so the results may not apply to all students.
2. Self-reported data – Students may not have accurately reported their sleep habits.
3. Limited focus – We only studied senior high school students, so findings may differ for younger
students or college students."

25. What suggestions do you have for future research on this topic?

✔ Answer:
"Future research should:

1. Include a larger sample size to get more diverse perspectives.

2. Use quantitative methods to measure sleep patterns more accurately.
3. Study the long-term effects of sleep deprivation on student performance and mental health.
4. Investigate the impact of digital screen time on sleep quality and academic success."

📌 Other Defense-Specific Questions

26. If you were to redo this study, what would you change or improve?

✔ Answer:
"If we were to redo this study, we would:

1. Expand the sample size to get more varied responses.

2. Use a mixed-method approach (both qualitative and quantitative) to provide more detailed data.
3. Include a wider range of participants (students from different schools or age groups) for broader
results."

27. How confident are you in the accuracy of your results?

✔ Answer:
"We are confident in our results because we carefully analyzed participants' responses using thematic analysis.
However, since our study is qualitative, the findings reflect students' experiences rather than numerical data."

28. How did your group divide the workload during this research?

✔ Answer:
"Our group divided the workload by assigning different tasks to each member:

 Literature review & background: [Group member name]

 Data collection (interviews): [Group member name]
  Data analysis & interpretation: [Group member name]
 Writing & editing: [Group member name]
 Presentation preparation: [Group member name]"

29. If your findings contradict previous studies, how would you justify them?

✔ Answer:
"If our findings contradict previous studies, we would justify them by:

1. Explaining differences in sample size, location, or study design.

2. Pointing out that our research focuses on senior high school students, while other studies may
focus on college students or different age groups.
3. Emphasizing that sleep habits can be influenced by many factors, including culture, school
schedules, and technology use."

30. What personal or academic insights did you gain from conducting this study?

✔ Answer:
"Through this study, we learned that:

1. Time management is crucial for balancing sleep and academics.

2. Sleep deprivation has real consequences on learning, memory, and focus.
3. Many students rely on short-term fixes like caffeine instead of developing healthier sleep habits.
4. Research requires patience, teamwork, and strong attention to detail."\

📌 What Do the Tables Show?

Each table organizes students' answers from the interviews into a summary. Instead of listing everything they
said, you grouped similar answers and counted how many students said the same thing.

📝 How to Explain Any Table in 3 Simple Steps:

1. What does the table show? → Say the general topic.

2. What is the most common answer? → Find the answer with the highest number.
3. What does it mean? → Explain what this tells us about students' sleep and academics.
📌 Table 1: Effects of Sleep on Study Habits & Academic Performance
Answer How Many Students Said It?
Lack of sleep makes it hard to focus. 5 students
More sleep improves memory. 4 students
Irregular sleep leads to bad study habits. 3 students
Sleeping late reduces productivity. 3 students
Short naps help alertness. 2 students

✅ How to Explain It Simply:

"This table shows how sleep affects study habits and academic performance. The most common problem is that
5 out of 8 students said lack of sleep makes it hard to focus in class. This means that when students don’t get
enough sleep, they struggle to pay attention and absorb lessons. It also shows that better sleep improves
memory and that irregular sleep patterns lead to bad study habits. Overall, the table proves that sleep is
important for learning."

📌 Table 2: Perceived Impacts of Insufficient Sleep

Answer How Many Students Said It?
Feeling tired affects learning. 6 students
Sleep deprivation lowers grades. 5 students
Lack of sleep makes it hard to remember lessons. 4 students
Poor sleep causes stress. 3 students

✅ How to Explain It Simply:

"This table shows what happens when students don’t get enough sleep. The most common problem is that 6
students said feeling tired affects learning. Many also said that sleep deprivation lowers their grades and
makes it hard to remember lessons. This proves that poor sleep leads to lower academic performance, stress,
and forgetfulness."

📌 Table 3: Changes in Sleep Patterns & Their Effects

Answer How Many Students Said It?
Sleeping late makes waking up hard. 6 students
Less sleep leads to procrastination. 5 students
Students with fixed sleep schedules perform better. 4 students
Lack of sleep lowers class participation. 3 students

✅ How to Explain It Simply:

"This table shows how changes in sleep affect students' daily routines. The biggest problem is that 6 students
said sleeping late makes it hard to wake up for school. It also shows that students who don’t get enough
sleep procrastinate more and participate less in class. But students with a fixed sleep schedule perform
better. This proves that having a consistent sleep schedule helps students be more productive and engaged
in school."
📌 Table 4: Strategies for Managing Sleep & Academics
Answer How Many Students Said It?
Having a fixed sleep schedule helps study efficiency. 5 students
Time management helps balance sleep & academics. 4 students
Reducing screen time improves sleep quality. 3 students
Taking study breaks prevents burnout. 3 students

✅ How to Explain It Simply:

"This table shows how students try to balance sleep and academics. The most common solution is having a
fixed sleep schedule, which 5 students said helps them study better. Many also said time management and
reducing screen time improve sleep. This proves that students can balance school and sleep by planning their
schedules and avoiding distractions like phones before bed."

💡 What If You Forget What to Say?

1️⃣ Stay calm.
2️⃣ Look at the table. Find the answer with the highest number.
3️⃣ Use this simple sentence format:

 “This table shows ___ (topic). The most common answer is ___ (highest number response), which
means ___ (explain in simple words).”

📌 Example:

 “This table shows how sleep affects study habits. The most common problem is that 5 students said lack
of sleep makes it hard to focus. This means that poor sleep makes learning more difficult.”

📌 What Is the Theoretical Framework?

Your study is based on Self-Regulation Theory (Zimmerman, 2000).

📝 What Does This Theory Say?

This theory explains how people control their thoughts, behaviors, and emotions to reach their goals.

🔹 In simple words: Students must manage their time and habits to balance sleep and academics.

📌 How Does Self-Regulation Theory Connect to Your Study?

Your research is about how sleep patterns affect academic performance.
🔹 Why do some students sleep well and perform better?
🔹 Why do others sacrifice sleep and struggle in school?

📌 Self-Regulation Theory explains this!

It helps us understand why some students develop good sleep habits, while others don’t.

📌 The 3 Phases of Self-Regulation Theory (Applied to Your Study)

This theory has 3 phases that explain how students manage their time and sleep:

Phase How It Relates to Sleep & Academics

1. Forethought Students plan their sleep and study schedules. Some set a fixed bedtime, while others
(Planning Phase) stay up late to cram.
2. Performance (Doing Students follow (or fail to follow) their sleep schedule. Some stick to it, while others
Phase) get distracted by social media or schoolwork.
Students realize if their sleep habits helped or hurt their academic performance.
3. Self-Reflection
Those who sleep well feel alert in class, while those with poor sleep feel tired and
(Adjusting Phase)
struggle to focus.

📌 How to Defend It in Your Research Defense

✅ Possible Panel Questions & Answers

❓ Why did you choose Self-Regulation Theory for your study?

✔ Answer: "We chose Self-Regulation Theory because it explains how students control their time and habits,
including sleep. Our study focuses on how sleep patterns affect school performance, and this theory helps us
understand why some students manage their sleep well while others struggle."

❓ How does this theory relate to your findings?

✔ Answer: "Our findings support this theory. We found that students who planned their sleep schedules
performed better in school, while those who had irregular sleep patterns struggled with focus, memory, and
procrastination."

❓ How can students use this theory to improve their sleep habits?
✔ Answer:

1. Plan their sleep schedule to avoid last-minute cramming.

2. Monitor their sleep habits and avoid distractions before bed.
3. Adjust their routine if they notice poor academic performance due to lack of sleep.

❓ Does this theory fully explain all sleep problems in students?

✔ Answer: "Not completely. Some students struggle with sleep due to external factors like school workload,
family responsibilities, or health issues. While Self-Regulation Theory explains personal habits, other factors
also affect sleep patterns."
📌 Simple Summary for You to Remember
🔹 Self-Regulation Theory explains how students plan, follow, and adjust their habits.
🔹 It helps us understand why some students sleep well and perform better, while others struggle.
🔹 Your study proves this theory is true because students who manage their sleep perform better in school.

💡 What If You Forget an Answer?

📌 Use this simple structure:
"Self-Regulation Theory is about how students control their habits. Our study shows that students who manage
their sleep well do better in school, while those with poor sleep habits struggle."

📌 Research Design
🔹 What is it?
Your research design is the plan for how you conducted your study.

🔹 What research design did you use?

You used a qualitative phenomenological research design.

🔹 What does that mean in simple words?

 Qualitative → You focused on words and experiences, not numbers.

 Phenomenological → You studied students’ personal experiences with sleep and academics.

✅ How to Defend It

❓ Why did you use a qualitative research design?

✔ Answer: "We used a qualitative research design because we wanted to understand students' real
experiences with sleep and academics. This allowed us to collect detailed, personal stories instead of just
numbers."

❓ Why did you choose a phenomenological design?

✔ Answer: "Phenomenology focuses on people's lived experiences. Since our study is about how sleep affects
students' school performance, we needed to hear directly from students about their struggles and habits."

📌 Respondents of the Study

🔹 Who were your respondents?
Your study involved 8 senior high school students from your school.

🔹 How did you choose them?

You used purposive sampling, which means you selected students who had different sleep habits to get a
variety of perspectives.
✅ How to Defend It

❓ How did you select your respondents?

✔ Answer: "We used purposive sampling, meaning we specifically chose 8 senior high school students who
had different sleep patterns. This helped us get different perspectives on how sleep affects academic
performance."

❓ Why only 8 respondents?

✔ Answer: "Since our study is qualitative, we focused on in-depth experiences rather than large numbers.
Having 8 respondents allowed us to analyze detailed answers and find common patterns."

📌 Research Instrument
🔹 What is a research instrument?
It is the tool you used to collect data.

🔹 What instrument did you use?

You used a semi-structured interview questionnaire.

🔹 What does that mean in simple words?

 Semi-structured → You had prepared questions, but also allowed students to explain their answers
freely.
 Interview questionnaire → You asked students about their sleep and academics to gather personal
insights.

✅ How to Defend It

❓ Why did you use a semi-structured interview questionnaire?

✔ Answer: "We used a semi-structured interview because it allowed students to share their own experiences
about sleep and academics in detail. This gave us more insights than just simple yes-or-no answers."

❓ How did you make sure your questions were good for the study?
✔ Answer: "We made sure our questions focused on students' sleep habits, school performance, and coping
strategies. We also pre-tested them to make sure they were clear and understandable."

💡 What If You Forget an Answer?

📌 Use this simple format:
1️⃣ For Research Design → “We used a qualitative phenomenological design because we studied students'
real experiences with sleep and academics.”
2️⃣ For Respondents → “We selected 8 senior high school students using purposive sampling to get different
perspectives.”
3️⃣ For Research Instrument → “We used a semi-structured interview so students could explain their sleep
habits in detail.”